Structural development of tourist recreational spaces in Siberia (on the example of Krasnoyarsk Krai)

The goal of this article lies in the analysis of the natural peculiarities of Krasnoyarsk Krai that comprise the tourist recreational potential of Siberia on the example of the Putorana State Natural Reserve, which is recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage Site. Research methodology employs the theoretical methods of analysis, generalization and synthesis of scientific methods with the use of data from scientific sources. The main results of the conducted research are as follows: 1) classification of tourist recreational zones by typological and taxonomic characteristics; 2) substantiation of the forms and types of tourism and recreation in the conditions of specially protected natural areas. The acquired results can be implemented in planning the efficient utilization of natural resources in Krasnoyarsk Krai and Siberian regions that have natural heritage sites. The scientific novelty and conclusions are associated with determination of natural resources of Krasnoyarsk Krai attractive for the development of tourism and recreational activities; as well as analysis and substantiation of the forms and types of tourism and recreation that are geared towards the vector of activity of natural heritage sites (specially protected natural areas) located in the region. It is noted that the measures carried out for organizing tourist recreational activity, without taking into account the peculiarities of functionality of natural heritage sites, increase the risks of anthropogenic impact and require constant monitoring and control of their implementation.

Utilization of tangible heritage of the XXIX World Winter Universiade in Krasnoyarsk

The holding of such large-scale world events as the Olympic Games, Universiades, and championships require major capital investments in the development of infrastructure of the host city, which in the future becomes the so-called heritage. The article analyzes the experience of utilization of heritage after holding major sports events in other countries and Russian cities, examines the planned and actual use of the heritage of the XXIX World Winter Universiade held in Krasnoyarsk in March 2019 with regards to sports facilities built, reconstructed or renovated for the World Student Games afterwards.  The novelty of this research consists in the analysis of utilization of the heritage of the XXIX World Winter Universiade held in Krasnoyarsk in March 2019 almost two years after the competition. The conclusion is made that the sport facilities built for the World Student Games are actively used by the city residents for public skating or skiing, professional sports, as well as commercial events, such as concerts, exhibitions, etc. The developed sports infrastructure created for the World Student Games allows Krasnoyarsk hosting all-Russian and world athletic events. The XXIX World Winter Universiade had a positive impact upon the social and economic development of Krasnoyarsk.

Study of the structure and characteristics of autoclaved aerated concrete

The lightweight and porous building material has many advantages over conventional concrete, such as a higher strength-to-weight ratio, a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and good sound insulation. This article focuses on the historical periodization of the development of autoclaved aerated concrete and a literature review that focuses on the influence of porosity, vapor permeability and strength properties of a given building material. The subject of this research is the analysis of the key historical events and manufacturing technologies that influenced the creation and transformation of the structural components of autoclaved aerated concrete. In the course of research, the author revealed that although aerated concrete is a new material in construction, it appeared a long time ago. Initially, five thousand years ago, this composition of the material was used as a plaster and brickwork mortar; showing a positive effect in construction, the aerated concrete over the years took the form of a cellular block, and its characteristics continue to be discovered. The properties, composition and structure of autoclaved aerated concrete are being improved through its composition and geometry of the shape of block, which contributed to environmental friendliness of the new building material, its durability, and creation of comfortable living conditions for people. However, the material requires new rational manufacturing technologies are needed in order to improve its quality and characteristics.

Historical development of domestic experience of shared construction of apartment buildings

Currently, the most common way to finance the acquisition of residential real estate is shared construction, which has its drawbacks. This article discusses the domestic and Russian experience of shared construction, and compares the activities and organizations. The object of research is the financing schemes for residential real estate. The subject of the study is the comparative characteristics of financing schemes for multi-apartment residential buildings. The aim of the study is to analyze the experience of shared construction of multi-apartment residential buildings in the USSR and modern Russia. Summarizing the comparative analysis of the features of the organization and activities of domestic and modern experience in shared construction, we can say that these schemes have similarities in attracting public funds for the construction of multi-apartment buildings and that these mechanisms for acquiring housing in the primary market are not safe for their members. Therefore, there is still a need to develop the most effective organization of financing investment and construction projects in the residential real estate market, providing for the interests of the developer, participant in shared construction, the state and the bank.

Evolution of regulations for thermal protection of buildings

The article is devoted to the study of regulatory documents in the field of thermal engineering in construction and the development of regulations for thermal protection of buildings. The object of the research is the standard documentation in the field of thermal engineering in construction. A retrospective analysis of the norms and requirements for thermal protection of buildings was carried out by identifying qualitative changes in the content of standard documentation. Building codes and regulations, Code specification, Federal laws and Government decrees have been adopted as such regulatory documents for this study. The documents that influenced these changes are considered. The normative requirements of the past years in the field of building heat engineering have been systematized. Six stages of the formation of norms for the thermal protection of buildings are determined, based on changes in the formulas for determining the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures and the introduction of the characteristic of the degree-day of the heating period, depending on the climatic features of the region. Trends in the development of standards for thermal protection of buildings have been determined. The main goal is to reduce the specific characteristic of heat energy consumption for heating and ventilation, which requires a change in the requirements for thermal protection, in particular, an increase in the required resistance to heat transfer, which can contribute to updating the existing set of rules for thermal protection of buildings.

Historical development of the concept of segmentation in the housing market and emergence of approaches towards segmentation

The subject of this research is the development of the concept of segmentation in the housing market and emergence of approaches towards segmentation. The object of is the term “segmentation” and approaches towards this method. The author examines the historical development of this concept, as well as the criteria for segmentation of commodities. Description is given to the methods of segmentation in the marketing sphere. The author determines the methods used for segmentation of real estate objects, as well as the variants of structurization and segmentation of the real estate market. The advantages of market segmentation in comparison with the traditional method of mass marketing are outlined. The author reveals that the concept of segmentation has existed for over 70 years. There are two traditional methods of segmentation used worldwide: “post hoc” and “a priory”. Segmentation of residential market is conducted via “a priory” method. The author detects the method used for segmentation of residential objects and the criteria in studying the residential market. The need for segmentation of residential objects is substantiated by the fact that consumer requirements change over time, and segmentation allows determining the target audience and preferences of the potential customers.

The development of normative requirements for buildings of preschool educational institutions

Preschool education is intended for acquiring primary skills and knowledge. This is facilitated by the conditions in preschool educational institutions. The subject of this research is the normative requirements for preschool educational institutions. The goal lies in analysis of the development of normative requirements for preschool educational institutions. The task is to examine the basic technical regulations in the sphere of preschool education, as well as determine the changes in normative regulations. The research leans on the scientific materials on the topic and the content of the normative legal acts. The research material includes the results of scientific research on this topic and the content of regulatory legal acts. The article provides general characteristics to the development of normative requirements for pre-school buildings. The concept of “kindergarten” is introduced in the Building Code II-64-80. The normative legal acts outline the layout and architectural solutions of the buildings. Relevance of this topic is substantiated by the development of pre-school education aimed at improving accessibility and availability of place in preschool educational institutions; for this purpose the new ones will be built. The research relies on the historical development of architectural regulations, standard projects of Soviet period, sanitary and epidemiological requirements, greening of territories, modern architecture; reconstruction of preschool buildings in modern urban environment. The conducted analysis of the scientific works of the experts reveals the following peculiarities: historical development of architecture of preschool buildings in the Soviet period and emergence of new types; requirements for land allocated for this purpose; reconstruction of the existing preschool buildings. The first technical regulations set the basic requirements for project design and allocated land, standard values for indoor areas, noise and insolation levels; sanitary and epidemiological rules were established later on.

Cladding panel material as the basis for the typological variety of hinged facade systems

  The article discusses the variety of facing panels of hinged façade systems. Typological classification was made on the basis of a variety of materials used for facing panels. The author identifies 6 groups of materials: clay, wood, cement, titanium dioxide, metal, special components. Analysis is conducted on the 18 names of facing panels according to the following characteristics: cladding material, exterior, image application technology, weight in kg / m2, attachment, durability, and manufacturer. The article determines 6 criteria and 2 requirements for ventilated facades. Based on the typology of the material, the author outlines advantages and disadvantages of certain types of facing panels. The article determines the criteria and requirements set for ventilated facades. Leaning on the provided typology of material, the advantages and disadvantages of individual types of facing panels for hinged façade systems are indicated. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the growing need for modern technologies and means to make buildings look architectural and expressive due to an assortment of combinations of facing materials in hinged ventilated systems.  The study reveals a wide variety of characteristics and types of facing panels. The market offer fully reflects the modern production technology capabilities with regards to construction materials. Despite a number of restrictions imposed by the normative acts, facing panels fully meet all the requirements, as the construct of hinged façade panels in general. Thus, is safe to say that facing panels fully satisfy the market demand. Titanium dioxide panels purify the air, which is in line with the current environmental trends contributing to emission reduction and environmental cleanup.

The nuances of toning and wood dyeing in the process of creating the original wooden sculptures

  This article states that the ways to improve the decorative qualities of wood have been known to mankind since ancient times. The techniques of woodworking material have improved over years. The author underlines the importance of proper choice of finishing materials, as it intended to preserve the cultural objects, as well as produce certain aesthetic perception. Therefore, the choice of materials is substantiated by the nature of the wood and the work performed, as well as by the author's plan and conceptual idea. The article discusses the key methods of wood finishing in the process of creating wooden sculptures. The author lists the main types of wood finishing, as well as the original techniques. It is noted that there are various technologies for giving a wood surface a different color. Description is given to such methods as fire-treatment and waxing of wooden surface; as well as to the original techniques of treating wood damaged by the bark beetle or exposed to fire. It is claimed that proper firing gives wood strength and resistance, protecting it from various influences and significantly extending its durability. Special attention is given to the wood ash treatment, and how this ancient technology can be applied in modern wooden sculpture. The recommendations are given for proper selection of applicators that contribute to quality dyeing of wooden surfaces.

The experience of converting former industrial sites to housing facilities

The subject of this research is the process of converting former industrial sites to residential facilities. The object is the housing stock of Moscow. The author explores the theoretical aspects of reproduction of housing stock, giving special attention to conversion of the category of industrial buildings to residential category, which expands the quantitative characteristics of the housing stock. Analysis is conducted on the statistical data of conversion of industrial sites to residential facilities, as well as the available examples of redevelopment of the industrial sites. The conclusion is made that the housing stock is an interlink between many life spheres and the development of its characteristics is required on a permanent basis, which in essence is the reproduction of housing stock through reconstruction, modernization or total building renovation. The implementation of such method as conversion of former industrial sited into residential facilities would contribute to the expansion of the real estate market and increase in the number of residential units, minimizing many issues in the housing stock. The author proves the feasibility of solving issues in the housing stock of the city through conversion of former industrial sites to housing facilities. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that many authors view such method as the solution of disused former industrial buildings, rather than from the perspective of minimization of issues in the housing stock.