Risk perception, trust and support for wildlife reintroduction and conservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cristina E Watkins ◽  
Neelam C Poudyal ◽  
Robert E Jones ◽  
Lisa I Muller ◽  
Donald G Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Resident Attitudes ◽  
The North ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Cognitive Hierarchy

Summary Wildlife reintroduction projects often face resistance from local residents who see potential conflicts with the species or lack trust or confidence in the agencies and professionals involved in reintroduction. Yet the linkages between trust, confidence, risk perceptions, attitudes towards the species and local support for its reintroduction are not well known. The Dual-Mode Model of Cooperation and Cognitive Hierarchy Model were theoretical frameworks used to shed light on these linkages by exploring the potential roles trust and confidence play as mediators between risk perceptions and attitudes towards, and support for, reintroduced elk in Tennessee (USA). A mail survey of 1005 residents living in the five-county area surrounding the North Cumberland Elk Restoration Zone assessed resident attitudes and risk perceptions towards the reintroduced elk, trust towards the managing wildlife agency and support for continued conservation efforts. A structural equation model revealed that trust and confidence play positive roles in mitigating risk perceptions and improving support for the reintroduction of elk. The findings confirm the roles public trust and confidence play in wildlife reintroductions and should help agencies work towards building local trust and confidence, minimizing risks, improving attitudes and increasing the chances for successful outcomes for the species and people.

Aquatic Stewardship Education in Theory and Practice

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Hierarchy

<i>Abstract.—</i>In this paper, we describe a fishing ethic, conceptualized as Minnesota anglers’ normative beliefs regarding various stewardship behaviors. We use structural equation modeling to determine the extent to which angler’s value orientations, measured along an anthropocentric–biocentric continuum, can be used to predict social norms regarding angling and endorsement or opposition to the use of technological angling aids. Data were obtained from a statewide mail survey of Minnesota anglers conducted in the spring of 2003 (<i>n </i>= 457). Results show a modest, positive relationship between biocentric value orientations and stewardship norms and a modest, negative relationship between biocentric value orientations and support for the use of technological angling aids. Consistent with previous research, our results indicated that norms regarding angling may be positioned along a bio-anthropocentric continuum and support the use of the cognitive hierarchy as a framework for understanding and predicting anglers’ normative beliefs. Results further suggest fisheries managers interested in promoting stewardship could benefit from recognizing the underlying values that help guide our behavior regarding natural resources.

Psychographic Profiling of Adult Tobacco Users and Implications for Mediated Message Tailoring

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712096719
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Duarte ◽  
Kelvin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Message Tailoring ◽  
Product Use

Purpose: To investigate variations of psychographic profiles in adult tobacco users to inform message tailoring. Design: A cross-sectional design used data from the Simmons 2015 National Consumer Study. Setting: Data were voluntarily provided by US families through a mail survey on media, products, and services, brands, and attitudes. Subjects: US adult tobacco users (N = 4,609). Measures: Participants answered questions about general opinion/attitudes and provided demographic and tobacco use information. Analysis: A factor analysis was conducted to determine the “best” latent psychographic factor structure based on model fit, factor loadings, and interpretability. A structural equation model was then applied to assess the associations between demographics, tobacco product use, and latent psychographic factors. Results: We identified 9 latent psychographic factors: (1) helplessness, (2) happiness, (3) achievements, (4) religion, (5) interest in art and culture, (6) conscience, (7) conformity, (8) family indulgence, and (9) creativity. Endorsement of these factors varied by demographics and tobacco product use. E.g. low income tobacco users showed stronger endorsement for “helplessness” (Adjusted Standardized Regression Coefficient [ASRC]: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.51) and “religion” (ASRC: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.33). Less educated tobacco users showed stronger endorsement for “conformity” (ASRC: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.24). Young adults had significant positive associations for “achievements” (ASRC: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.67). Conclusion: Psychographic profiles of tobacco users vary by demographics and product use. Tailored anti-tobacco media campaigns to specific disparity groups matching their psychographic profiles may improve message effectiveness and reduce tobacco use disparities.

Complexity of homeowner wildfire risk mitigation: an integration of hazard theories

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonita L. McFarlane ◽  
Tara K. McGee ◽  
Hilary Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Wildfire Risk

Each year wildfire affects communities in Canada, resulting in evacuations and, in some cases, loss of homes. Several Canadian wildfire management agencies have initiated mitigation programs aimed at reducing wildfire risk. Successful wildfire mitigation involves both community-level and homeowner action. This paper examines factors that influence wildfire mitigation by homeowners. We draw upon the general hazards and wildfire management literature to develop and test a theoretical model for homeowner wildfire mitigation that includes perceived risk, an evaluation of threat significance and the influence of perceived costs and benefits of mitigation. We used a mail survey to collect data from 1265 residents in six interface communities in the province of Alberta. Results showed a high level of completion for most mitigation activities. A structural equation model provided support for the hypothesis that the evaluation of threat involves weighing the negative effects of mitigation on homeowners’ feelings of connectedness to nature and the cost of mitigation with the positive influences of fear, a sense of responsibility and perceived effectiveness of mitigation. Considering the total effects, threat assessment had the greatest effect on mitigation by homeowners, followed by perceived effectiveness of mitigation in reducing damage and not having financial resources for mitigation.

Marketing capabilities and firm performance in fashion retailing

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Moore ◽  
Ann Fairhurst
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Marketing Capabilities ◽  
Marketing Capability ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Short Product

Intense competition and short product life cycles in fashion retailing present a number of marketing challenges for retail firms in both the USA and abroad. In order to survive in this industry, it is vital for participants to develop and leverage core marketing capabilities. The current study examines the effectiveness of different marketing capability factors in a cross‐section of the US specialty apparel and footwear retailing sector (n = 60 retail firms). Data were collected from marketing executives in a national mail survey. Specifically, marketing capabilities in image differentiation, promotions, external‐market knowledge and customer service are examined for their impact on firm level performance. A two‐stage structural equation model is used to test the study’s hypotheses. Results suggest that the most effective marketing capabilities, in terms of performance, are image differentiation and promotional capability.

scholarly journals A Structural Equation Model of Leader–Member Exchange, Employee–Supervisor Relationship, Performance Appraisal, and Career Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Joseph Henkel ◽  
Al C Endres
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Member Exchange

Some employees perceive that supervisors do not accurately reflect employees’ performance or effectively differentiate among employees’ performances during performance appraisals (PAs). Other employees believe the performance feedback they receive is not valuable for supporting their career development (CD). Leader–member exchange (LMX) and the distributive and interactional justice dimensions of organizational justice theories comprised the theoretical frameworks in this study for examining the significance of the relationships among LMX and employee–supervisor relationships (ESRs) and those relationships’ potential influence on employees’ CD through the PA process. Participants consisted of 44 defense contractor employees in the United States. Results from partial least squares analysis for the structural equation model indicated significant (<em>p </em>< .01) positive relationships between LMX, ESR, PA, and CD. Furthermore, the results indicated that a positive relationship between LMX and ESR can influence employees’ CD through the mediating effect of employees’ perceptions of their PAs. The implications for positive social change include the potential to improve communications between employees and supervisors for benefiting employees’ CD for improving employees’ families’ quality of life and employees’ contributions to their communities

scholarly journals Age Cohort Variation in Drinking Among People With Physical Impairments: Politically Oriented Coping in the Wake of the Great Recession

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-478
Author(s):  
Judith A. Richman ◽  
Robyn Lewis Brown ◽  
Kathleen M. Rospenda
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Age Cohort

People with physical impairments are at greater risk of economic hardship and more alcohol-related problems compared with the general population. We address age cohort differences in modes of coping with economic adversity and the extent to which modes of coping explain the relationships between age cohort membership and drinking outcomes among people with physical impairments. One hundred seventy six respondents with physical impairments derived from a national sample completed a mail survey. Using structural equation model (SEM), we demonstrate that members of the Generation X age cohort manifest higher levels of alcohol consumption and problem-related drinking compared with baby boomers due to their lesser tendency to engage in politically oriented coping to deal with economic adversity. Within the context of social movements contesting the disadvantaged social status of people with disabilities, the Generation X age cohort manifests both more limited political engagement and higher levels of alcohol consumption and problem-related drinking among people with physical impairments.

Regional differences in citizens' water behaviors: a comparative study of typical cities based on AMOS

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-757
Author(s):  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Kang Tian ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Binbin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Resources Protection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract At present, the urban water issue has attracted great attention from government. The transition from ‘engineering measures’ to ‘human behaviors’ is a new angle for water resources protection in the new era. In this paper, 12 characterization parameters were obtained based on the analysis of characteristics of residents' water behaviors. Beijing and Shanghai are selected as the representative cities in the north and south regions respectively, and a questionnaire about residents' water behaviors, which includes three basic personal characteristics and 12 indicators, was prepared. By using a structural equation model, a comparative study on the differences of the impact paths of characterization parameters of residents' water behavior in two cities was discussed. Finally, suggestions are proposed on the basis of the evaluation model and the results of analysis. The results showed that: Beijing had similar impacting paths in Ecological Water Environment management behaviors and persuasive behaviors to Shanghai. There were obvious differences in residents' water behaviors impact paths by basic individual characteristics, consuming behaviors and legal behaviors in Beijing and Shanghai. Finally, suggestions are proposed on the basis of the evaluation model and the results of analysis.

scholarly journals Risk Perception and Protective Behaviors During the Rise of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Marco Lauriola
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Social Closeness ◽  
Cultural Worldviews

Risk perception is important in determining health-protective behavior. During the rise of the COVID-19 epidemic, we tested a comprehensive structural equation model of risk perception to explain adherence to protective behaviors in a crisis context using a survey of 572 Italian citizens. We identified two categories of protective behaviors, labeled promoting hygiene and cleaning, and avoiding social closeness. Social norms and risk perceptions were the more proximal antecedents of both categories. Cultural worldviews, affect, and experience of COVID-19 were the more distal predictors. Promoting hygiene and cleaning was triggered by the negative affective attitude toward coronavirus and mediated by an affective appraisal of risk. The deliberate dimension of risk perception (perceived likelihood) predicted only avoiding social closeness. Social norms predicted both types of behaviors and mediated the relations of cultural worldviews. Individualism (vs. communitarianism), more than hierarchy (vs. egalitarianism), shaped the affective evaluation of coronavirus. The model was an acceptable fit to the data and accounted for 20% and 29% of the variance in promoting hygiene and cleaning, and avoiding social closeness, respectively. The findings were robust to the effect of sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, and zone of the country). Taken together, our findings confirmed the empirical distinction between affective and deliberate processes in risk perception, supported the validity of the affect heuristic, and highlighted the role of social norms as an account for why individualistic people were less likely to follow the prescribed health-protective behaviors. Implications for risk communication are discussed.

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