Complexity of homeowner wildfire risk mitigation: an integration of hazard theories

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonita L. McFarlane ◽  
Tara K. McGee ◽  
Hilary Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Wildfire Risk

Each year wildfire affects communities in Canada, resulting in evacuations and, in some cases, loss of homes. Several Canadian wildfire management agencies have initiated mitigation programs aimed at reducing wildfire risk. Successful wildfire mitigation involves both community-level and homeowner action. This paper examines factors that influence wildfire mitigation by homeowners. We draw upon the general hazards and wildfire management literature to develop and test a theoretical model for homeowner wildfire mitigation that includes perceived risk, an evaluation of threat significance and the influence of perceived costs and benefits of mitigation. We used a mail survey to collect data from 1265 residents in six interface communities in the province of Alberta. Results showed a high level of completion for most mitigation activities. A structural equation model provided support for the hypothesis that the evaluation of threat involves weighing the negative effects of mitigation on homeowners’ feelings of connectedness to nature and the cost of mitigation with the positive influences of fear, a sense of responsibility and perceived effectiveness of mitigation. Considering the total effects, threat assessment had the greatest effect on mitigation by homeowners, followed by perceived effectiveness of mitigation in reducing damage and not having financial resources for mitigation.

Wildfire risk mitigation and recreational property owners in Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park-Alberta

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (01) ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Price ◽  
Bonita McFarlane ◽  
Van Lantz
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Action Awareness ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Mitigation Action ◽  
High Level

Recreational property (cottage) owners represent a growing segment of population living at the wildland–urban interface. Land managers may find it particularly difficult to engage these landowners in wildfire management initiatives. This paper examines support for wildfire management, perceived wildfire risk and wildfire mitigation actions among cottage owners in Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park-Alberta. Data were collected from 165 cottage owners using a mail survey. Results showed that these owners had a high level of support for fuel reductions on the landscape and a high level of interest in participating in a cooperative wildfire mitigation program; they had taken action to reduce their risk. However, they seemed reluctant to do substantial tree pruning, or to install fire-resistant siding or screen eaves, decks and vents. Results found that perceived risk was not correlated with mitigation action. Awareness, perceived effectiveness of firefighters, days spent at the cottage and value of the cottage were correlated positively with mitigation action, whereas perceived efficacy, aesthetic effects and cost of mitigation were correlated negatively. These findings suggest that mitigation programs for cottage owners may be effective by providing public education on the efficacy of mitigation, lessening the effects of impediments such as cost, and alleviating concerns about aesthetics.

scholarly journals Navigating the Wildfire–Pandemic Interface: Public Perceptions of COVID-19 and the 2020 Wildfire Season in Arizona

Fire ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Catrin M. Edgeley ◽  
Jack T. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wildland Urban Interface ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Literature Highlight ◽  
Wildfire Season

COVID-19 has complicated wildfire management and public safety for the 2020 fire season. It is unclear whether COVID-19 has impacted the ability of residents in the wildland–urban interface to prepare for and evacuate from wildfire, or the extent to which residents feel their household’s safety has been affected. Several areas with high wildfire risk are also experiencing record numbers of COVID-19 cases, including the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. We conducted a mixed-mode survey of households in close proximity to two recent wildfires in rural Arizona to better understand whether residents living in the wildland–urban interface perceive COVID-19 as a factor in wildfire safety. Preliminary data suggest that the current challenges around collective action to address wildfire risk may be further exacerbated due to COVID-19, and that the current pandemic has potentially widened existing disparities in household capacity to conduct wildfire risk mitigation activities in the wildland–urban interface. Proactive planning for wildfire has also increased perceived ability to practice safe distancing from others during evacuation, highlighting the benefits that household planning for wildfire can have on other concurrent hazards. Parallels in both the wildfire and pandemic literature highlight vast opportunities for future research that can expand upon and advance our findings.

The factors influencing CoP activities and their impact on relationship commitment and individual performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heeyoung Jang ◽  
Ilsang Ko
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Activities ◽  
And Performance

Purpose – The objective of this study is to identify the factors that affect CoP activation and performance variables obtainable through CoP activities, and to gain greater insight into their relationships and the mechanisms. In particular, this paper intends to illustrate the role of perceived risk factor for the loss of uniqueness of one's own knowledge in terms of their influence on CoP activities. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the human behaviours were divided into online and offline CoP activities and adopted affirmative affect and social norm from the Triandis model. In addition, the paper considered perceived expectation, perceived risk, and organization support as independent variables. These would accelerate online and offline activities in the community of practice. The paper considered relationship commitment and individual performance in the context of performance evaluations via CoP activities. A structural equation model was developed with research variables and hypotheses. Findings – As the consequence of the empirical assessment of the variables influencing the on/offline activities of a CoP, social norm, perceived expectation, perceived risk, and organizational support showed significantly influential relationships with online activities, and affirmative affect, perceived expectation, and organizational support evidenced significantly influential relationships with offline activities. However, with regard to online CoP activities, affirmative affect was not shown to be significant. As to offline activities, perceived risk was not shown to be significantly influential, while it was determined to significantly influence online activities in a negative direction. Originality/value – The results of this study demonstrated that on/offline CoP activities were significantly influential in terms both of relationship commitment and individual performance.

scholarly journals Patient Engagement in Health Management as a Mediator Between Perceived Risk and COVID-19 Related Distress in Patients With IBD: A Structural Equation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Castellini ◽  
Lorenzo Palamenghi ◽  
Mariarosaria Savarese ◽  
Serena Barello ◽  
Salvatore Leone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 emergency on patients with IBD's psychological distress, understanding the role of patient engagement as a mediator.Methods: An online questionnaire was created, measuring perceived risk susceptibility toward COVID-19, perceived stress, and patient engagement. The questionnaire was distributed to a purposive sample of IBD patients who belonged to the Italian Association for patients with IBD (AMICI Onlus) in April 2020. Structural equation models were implemented.Results: The effect of the perceived risk susceptibility toward COVID-19 contagion on the perceived stress is fully mediated by patient engagement (β = 0.306, p < 0.001). Moreover, the patient engagement mitigates the perceived stress (β = −0.748, p < 0.001) in our sample of IBD patients, and it is negatively influenced by the perceived risk susceptibility toward COVID-19 (β = −0.410, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Patient engagement is the key factor that explains how the perceived risk susceptibility toward COVID-19 affects the perceived psychological distress in patients with IBD, underlining that the perceived risk of contagion increases their perceived level of stress through a decrease of patient engagement.

An Integrated Model of Perceived Risk and Risk-Reducing Strategies in the Tunisian Stock Market

2016 ◽  
pp. 240-283
Author(s):  
Azza Béjaoui ◽  
Adel Karaa
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Psychometric Paradigm ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Brokerage Firms ◽  
Risk Reducing

This chapter examines the antecedents and consequences of the perceived risk of investors towards the Tunisian stock market. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to 411 individual investors chosen by 24 brokerage firms. Using the structural equation model, we operationalize the risk following the psychometric paradigm according to subjective variables (i.e. familiarity and controllability). Results prove that controllability is a significant factor in the formation of perceived risk. We also show that several factors related to the investor, the listed companies and to the stock market can influence the perceived risk by the investor towards the Tunisian stock market. Similarly, we find that perceived risk leads to intensive information search, good performance and a strong reinvestment intention. These results attest the importance of the risk perception in the decision-making process.

Understanding Vietnamese Consumer Intention to Use Online Retailer Websites

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
A. F. M. Jalal Ahamed ◽  
Yam Limbu ◽  
Long Pham ◽  
Ha Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Technology Acceptance Model ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Acceptance Model

This study examines the applicability of an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) that incorporates trust, perceived risk, and self-enhancement as antecedents to the TAM constructs. Data collected from 299 Vietnamese online consumers, through a self-administered survey, were entered into a structural equation model using AMOS 23 to establish causality. The results partially confirm the applicability of TAM to the online shopping intentions of Vietnamese consumer, though contrary to expectations, perceived ease of use does not predict behavioral intentions. Trust and self-enchantment fit well with the TAM; the inclusion of perceived risk as an antecedent is questionable. The findings offer new opportunities for explaining TAM theory in light of Schwartz's value dimensions. This article thus concludes with a discussion of the research contributions and implications.

Psychographic Profiling of Adult Tobacco Users and Implications for Mediated Message Tailoring

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712096719
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Duarte ◽  
Kelvin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Message Tailoring ◽  
Product Use

Purpose: To investigate variations of psychographic profiles in adult tobacco users to inform message tailoring. Design: A cross-sectional design used data from the Simmons 2015 National Consumer Study. Setting: Data were voluntarily provided by US families through a mail survey on media, products, and services, brands, and attitudes. Subjects: US adult tobacco users (N = 4,609). Measures: Participants answered questions about general opinion/attitudes and provided demographic and tobacco use information. Analysis: A factor analysis was conducted to determine the “best” latent psychographic factor structure based on model fit, factor loadings, and interpretability. A structural equation model was then applied to assess the associations between demographics, tobacco product use, and latent psychographic factors. Results: We identified 9 latent psychographic factors: (1) helplessness, (2) happiness, (3) achievements, (4) religion, (5) interest in art and culture, (6) conscience, (7) conformity, (8) family indulgence, and (9) creativity. Endorsement of these factors varied by demographics and tobacco product use. E.g. low income tobacco users showed stronger endorsement for “helplessness” (Adjusted Standardized Regression Coefficient [ASRC]: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.51) and “religion” (ASRC: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.33). Less educated tobacco users showed stronger endorsement for “conformity” (ASRC: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.24). Young adults had significant positive associations for “achievements” (ASRC: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.67). Conclusion: Psychographic profiles of tobacco users vary by demographics and product use. Tailored anti-tobacco media campaigns to specific disparity groups matching their psychographic profiles may improve message effectiveness and reduce tobacco use disparities.

scholarly journals Acceptance of Online Medical Websites: An Empirical Study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Tang ◽  
Yu-Tao Yang ◽  
Yun-Fei Shao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Medical Problems

As a new type of public health service product, online medical websites (OMWs) are becoming quite popular. OMWs can address patients’ basic medical problems remotely and give health guidance online. Compared to traditional hospitals, OMWs are more convenient and inexpensive, they can usually provide a better service for patients with poor medical conditions (especially in rural areas), and they also contribute to the rational distribution of medical resources. Therefore, key factors that affect patients’ acceptance of OMWs must be identified to contribute to public health. By integrating perceived risk (PR) and the technology acceptance model (TAM), we proposed a modified TAM and clarified how PR and other factors affect patients’ behavioral intention (BI) towards OMWs. A sample of 245 research participants in China took part in this study and the structural equation model (SEM) was used to test our hypotheses. The results revealed that perceived usefulness (PU) is a positive predictor of BI but has no significant effect on attitude (ATT), while perceived ease of use (PEOU) can affect BI through PU and attitude (ATT). Moreover, trust (TRU) was identified as a mediator of PR and PU/PEOU. Also, the doctor–patient relationship (DPR) was shown to moderate PR and TRU. In order to increase patients’ BI, OMW providers need further innovations to improve patients’ TRU and reduce their PR.

Marketing capabilities and firm performance in fashion retailing

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Moore ◽  
Ann Fairhurst
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Marketing Capabilities ◽  
Marketing Capability ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Short Product

Intense competition and short product life cycles in fashion retailing present a number of marketing challenges for retail firms in both the USA and abroad. In order to survive in this industry, it is vital for participants to develop and leverage core marketing capabilities. The current study examines the effectiveness of different marketing capability factors in a cross‐section of the US specialty apparel and footwear retailing sector (n = 60 retail firms). Data were collected from marketing executives in a national mail survey. Specifically, marketing capabilities in image differentiation, promotions, external‐market knowledge and customer service are examined for their impact on firm level performance. A two‐stage structural equation model is used to test the study’s hypotheses. Results suggest that the most effective marketing capabilities, in terms of performance, are image differentiation and promotional capability.

Predictors for e-government adoption: integrating TAM, TPB, trust and perceived risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijun Xie ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Xiaobao Peng ◽  
Muhammad Shabbir
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Stable Model ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Proposed Model

Purpose The present research aims to identify determinants for citizen’ behavioural adoption of e-government, explore relationships among these variables and investigate whether the proposed model can provide a more comprehensive manner to understand the adoption of e-government. Design/methodology/approach First, a survey is administered to collect data, then the Cronbach’s alpha is assessed for internal consistency of measurement scales; second, confirmatory factor analysis is conducted to evaluate the measurement model; finally, a structural equation model is used to test the proposed hypotheses and explore the determinants of e-government adoption. Findings Results indicate that the proposed model is a stable model with powerful explanatory of variation. In addition, some new relationships in the e-government context are found, whose disposition to trust has positive effect on social norms, whereas perceived risk negatively influences perceived behaviour control. Moreover, other key dominants have been investigated. Originality/value The findings have enabled us to better understand factors affecting intention and also provided a solid theoretical research model for future study.

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