A neuronal mechanism for the control of latero-frontal ciliary activity in the fingernail clam, Musculium transversum

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
Anthony Paparo ◽  
Judith A. Murphy ◽  
Robert Dean
Keyword(s):  
Ciliated Cell ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Neuronal Mechanism ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Fingernail Clams

Extensive studies have dealt with the transport of particles on the gill of suspension feeding bivalves, but our knowledge of the mechanisms involved is still incomplete. There is, however, physiological evidence that each of the ciliated cell systems in bivalve molluscs may be individually controlled. Three types of ciliated cells are distinguished on the gill of fingernail clams: frontal (FC); latero-frontal (LFC); and lateral (LC).For the most part in studies involving ciliary control mechanisms, LFC are neglected. It is thus the purpose of this study to present data which begin to elucidate a neuronal mechanism for LFC control.Gill preps were isolated with an intact nerve supply in a dish which was placed in a holder fastened to an adjustable stage of a microscope. In fields of view of 50 gill filaments, ciliary motility, chemical perfusion and electrical stimulation were observed and/or performed.

Functional cross talk after activation of P2 and P1 receptors in oviductal ciliated cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. C658-C669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Morales ◽  
Nelson Barrera ◽  
Pablo Uribe ◽  
Claudio Mora ◽  
Manuel Villalón
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Adenosine Receptors ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliated Cell ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
P1 Receptors ◽  
Intracellular Ca

The presence of ATP and adenosine receptors and their role in controlling ciliary activity in oviductal ciliated cells was studied by measuring the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in oviductal tissue cultures. ATP, adenosine, and related compounds increased the CBF in a dose-dependent manner. We established that P2 receptors of subtype 2Y2 and P1 receptors of subtype A2a mediated the responses to ATP and adenosine, respectively. We found evidence to suggest that stimulation of ciliary activity by ATP requires d- myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5) P 3] metabolism, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and protein kinase C activation. On the other hand, the adenosine effect is mediated by activation of a Gs protein-dependent pathway that enhances cAMP intracellular levels. To study the interaction between P2 and P1 receptors, cells were stimulated simultaneously with both agonists. We observed a synergistic increase of the CBF even at agonist concentrations (100 nM) that did not produce a significant response when added separately to the culture. Furthermore, a blocker of the cAMP pathway produced a reduction of the ATP response, whereas a blocker of the Ins(1,4,5) P 3 pathway also produced an inhibition of the adenosine response. Our evidence demonstrates that both ATP and adenosine receptors are present in a single ciliated cell and that a mechanism of cross talk could operate in the transduction pathways to control ciliary activity.

scholarly journals nNOS regulates ciliated cell polarity, ciliary beat frequency, and directional flow in mouse trachea

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e202000981
Author(s):  
Anatoly Mikhailik ◽  
Tatyana V Michurina ◽  
Krikor Dikranian ◽  
Stephen Hearn ◽  
Vladimir I Maxakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliated Cell ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Multiciliated Cells ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Clearance of the airway is dependent on directional mucus flow across the mucociliary epithelium, and deficient flow is implicated in a range of human disorders. Efficient flow relies on proper polarization of the multiciliated cells and sufficient ciliary beat frequency. We show that NO, produced by nNOS in the multiciliated cells of the mouse trachea, controls both the planar polarity and the ciliary beat frequency and is thereby necessary for the generation of the robust flow. The effect of nNOS on the polarity of ciliated cells relies on its interactions with the apical networks of actin and microtubules and involves RhoA activation. The action of nNOS on the beat frequency is mediated by guanylate cyclase; both NO donors and cGMP can augment fluid flow in the trachea and rescue the deficient flow in nNOS mutants. Our results link insufficient availability of NO in ciliated cells to defects in flow and ciliary activity and may thereby explain the low levels of exhaled NO in ciliopathies.

scholarly journals Epithelial Cell Culture from Human Adenoids: A Functional Study Model for Ciliated and Secretory Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia González ◽  
Marisol Espinosa ◽  
María Trinidad Sánchez ◽  
Karla Droguett ◽  
Mariana Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliated Cell ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Mucociliary Transport

Background. Mucociliary transport (MCT) is a defense mechanism of the airway. To study the underlying mechanisms of MCT, we have both developed an experimental model of cultures, from human adenoid tissue of ciliated and secretory cells, and characterized the response to local chemical signals that control ciliary activity and the secretion of respiratory mucinsin vitro.Materials and Methods. In ciliated cell cultures, ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and intracellular Ca2+levels were measured in response to ATP, UTP, and adenosine. In secretory cultures, mucin synthesis and secretion were identified by using immunodetection. Mucin content was taken from conditioned medium and analyzed in the presence or absence of UTP.Results. Enriched ciliated cell monolayers and secretory cells were obtained. Ciliated cells showed a basal CBF of 10.7 Hz that increased significantly after exposure to ATP, UTP, or adenosine. Mature secretory cells showed active secretion of granules containing different glycoproteins, including MUC5AC.Conclusion. Culture of ciliated and secretory cells grown from adenoid epithelium is a reproducible and feasible experimental model, in which it is possible to observe ciliary and secretory activities, with a potential use as a model to understand mucociliary transport control mechanisms.

X-Ray Analysis Demonstrating the Ca Flux in the Gill Epithelium in Response to Drug and Electrical Stimulation

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Paparo ◽  
Judith A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Ciliated Cell ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Branchial Nerve ◽  
Stimulation Of

Ciliated cell systems in bivalve molluscs may be individually controlled. The ciliary activity of the lateral cells depends on the "branchial nerve in Mytilus edulis. TEM has revealed direct contact "between nerve endings and lateral cells. Electrical stimulation of the branchial nerve increases the rate of beating of lateral cilia, probably by a mechanism involving release of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), which is cilioexcitatory. Continuous stimulation of the branchial nerve at frequencies higher than those used to obtain cilio-excitation led to cilioinhibition. A marked cilioinhibitory effect could be obtained with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine(DA).

The Effect of Exogenous Fluoride on the Calcium PUMP, Ciliary Activity, and Shell Formation of the Fingernail Clam, Musculium Transversum

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Anthony Paparo ◽  
Judy A. Murphy ◽  
Robert Dean
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Calcium Pump ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Middle Reach ◽  
Shell Matrix ◽  
Fingernail Clams ◽  
Ca Carbonate

In the mid-1950's, fingernail clams virtually disappeared from a 100-mile section of the IL River, a tributary of the Mississippi River, due to unknown causes. A survey of the bottom fauna of the IL River in 1979, revealed that the clams were still absent from the middle reach of the River, where they had been abundant prior to the die-off in the 1950's. Some factor(s) in the River currently prevent the clams from recolonizing areas where they were formerly abundant. Recently, clams exposed to fluoride developed abnormal grooves in the shell matrix. Fluorides are known to be protoplasmic poisons removing essential body calcium by precipitation. Since the shell consists primarily of Ca carbonate, this investigation examines the possible role of fluoride on shell formation and the poisoning of the Ca pump which can directly inhibit lateral ciliary activity on the gill.

Ultrastructure of bronchopulmonary lavage cells from bovines administered 3-methylindole: II. 24 hours post-treatment

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Amreek Singh ◽  
Judith M. McLaren ◽  
Onkar S. Atwal ◽  
Peter Eyre
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cell ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Cell Pellet

Introduction3-methylindole (MI), a rumen metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan, has been shown to produce bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema. The airways contain free and exfoliated cells. A morphologic analysis of these cells may complement the understanding of the mechanism of lung edema. Ultrastructure of the bronchopulmonary lavage (BL) cells 24 h following MI oral administration to calves is described in this experiment. The 12 hours post-treatment results were described earlier.Materials and MethodsTwo Holstein-Friesian calves were each administered an oral dose of 0.2 g MI/Kg body weight and another two calves served as controls. The animals were euthanized with sodium pentabarbitol 24 h after receiving the compound. The lungs and trachea were removed and 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffered saline was infused into the lungs through the trachea. Glutaraldehyde fixative was added to the recovered BL fluid so as to form a 1% solution. The fluid was centrifuged and the resulting cell pellet was suspended in the buffer. The procedures were repeated on the suspension; the pellet was post-fixed in osmium tetroxide and was processed by conventional methods of section preparations for TEM examination. Lung samples from caudal lobes were fixed in 1.5% glutaraldehyde to obtain tissue sections for TEM.Results and DiscussionPulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM), neutrophils, ciliated epithelial cells, globule leukocytes and plasma cells were recovered from the BL fluid of the control and Mi-administered calves. Ciliated cells and globule leukocytes could not be harvested from the controls. The AM obtained from the treated calves (Fig. 1) in comparison with similar cells from the controls were larger, and contained large membrane-limited inclusions (phagolysosomes). There was a remarkable similarity between the lavaged AM and the AM studied in thin sections of lung (cf. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The neutrophil was the second most abundant cell type retrieved from the lavage fluid from the calves of control or treated group. Except for scanty pseudopodia in the neutrophils obtained from the Mi-receiving calves, the cells appeared unaltered (Fig. 3). Ciliated cells were abundant in the BL fluid of Mi-ingesting calves. A heterogeneous collection of vesicles filled the ciliated cell cytoplasm (Fig. 3). Globule leukocytes were commonly observed among BL cells of treated calves. The globule leukocytes were ca. 15 μm in diameter and contained round or elliptical nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli. The cytoplasmic granules, which are a prominent feature of globule leukocytes, were electron-opaque and had a variable diameter (0.5-3.0 μm). A one-line account of globule leukocytes in the bronchi of steers administered MI has appeared. Plasma cells were rare. Ultrastructure of BL cells is compatible with their response to chemical insult by MI.

scholarly journals Natural Herbal Estrogen-Mimetics (Phytoestrogens) Promote the Differentiation of Fallopian Tube Epithelium into Multi-Ciliated Cells via Estrogen Receptor Beta

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Maobi Zhu ◽  
Sen Takeda ◽  
Tomohiko Iwano
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Ciliated Cell ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Receptor Beta

Phytoestrogens are herbal polyphenolic compounds that exert various estrogen-like effects in animals and can be taken in easily from a foodstuff in daily life. The fallopian tube lumen, where transportation of the oocyte occurs, is lined with secretory cells and multi-ciliated epithelial cells. Recently, we showed that estrogen induces multi-ciliogenesis in the porcine fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTECs) through the activation of the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) pathway and simultaneous inhibition of the Notch pathway. Thus, ingested phytoestrogens may induce FTEC ciliogenesis and thereby affect the fecundity. To address this issue, we added isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, or glycitin) and coumestan (coumestrol) to primary culture FTECs under air–liquid interface conditions and assessed the effects of each compound. All phytoestrogens except glycitin induced multi-ciliated cell differentiation, which followed Notch signal downregulation. On the contrary, the differentiation of secretory cells decreased slightly. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein had a slight effect on the proportion of proliferating cells exhibited by Ki67 expression. Ciliated-cell differentiation is inhibited by the ERβ antagonist, PHTPP. Thus, this study suggests that phytoestrogens can improve the fallopian tube epithelial sheet homeostasis by facilitating the genesis of multi-ciliated cells and this effect depends on the ERβ-mediated pathway.

Polyglutamylation and polyglycylation of alpha- and beta-tubulins during in vitro ciliated cell differentiation of human respiratory epithelial cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 112 (23) ◽  
pp. 4357-4366 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Million ◽  
J. Larcher ◽  
J. Laoukili ◽  
D. Bourguignon ◽  
F. Marano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliated Cell ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Functional Assay ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Human Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Centriole Assembly

Tubulins are the major proteins within centriolar and axonemal structures. In all cell types studied so far, numerous alpha- and beta-tubulin isoforms are generated both by expression of a multigenic family and various post-translational modifications. We have developed a primary culture of human nasal epithelial cells where the ciliated cell differentiation process has been observed and quantified. We have used this system to study several properties concerning polyglutamylation and polyglycylation of tubulin. GT335, a monoclonal antibody directed against glutamylated tubulins, stained the centriole/basal bodies and the axonemes of ciliated cells, and the centrioles of non-ciliated cells. By contrast, axonemal but not centriolar tubulins were polyglycylated. Several polyglutamylated and polyglycylated tubulin isotypes were detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis, using GT335 and a specific monoclonal antibody (TAP952) directed against short polyglycyl chains. Immunoelectron microscopy experiments revealed that polyglycylation only affected axonemal tubulin. Using the same technical approach, polyglutamylation was shown to be an early event in the centriole assembly process, as gold particles were detected in fibrogranular material corresponding to the first cytoplasmic structures involved in centriologenesis. In a functional assay, GT335 and TAP952 had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ciliary beat frequency. TAP952 had only a weak effect while GT335 treatment led to a total arrest of beating. These results strongly suggest that in human ciliated epithelial cells, tubulin polyglycylation has only a structural role in cilia axonemes, while polyglutamylation may have a function both in centriole assembly and in cilia activity.

Cellular morphology in haploid amphibian embryos

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-261
Author(s):  
Mark S. Ellinger ◽  
Judith A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Cellular Morphology ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Adhesive Organs ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
Scanning Electron

External surfaces of haploid and diploid embryos of Bombina orientalis were examined with the scanning electron microscope to determine the possible contribution of cellular morphology to the amphibian haploid syndrome. Cellular anomalies were prevalent in all surface areas of haploid embryos. The epithelium appeared uneven due to the displacement of ciliated cells and the rounded apical surfaces of the non-ciliated cells. The ratio of ciliated to non-ciliated cells was altered in comparison to diploid embryos. Cells of the gill filaments and adhesive organs were abnormal in morphology, and the adhesive organs themselves were fused into a single large rudiment in haploid embryos. Uniformity of cell size was markedly reduced in head regions of haploid embryos with severe microcephaly. Haploid and diploid embryos elaborated mucoid matrices over the surface cells when removed from the fertilization envelope. It is apparent that aberrant cellular morphologies are widespread in haploid embryos, and it is likely that these defects are major contributors to the gross morphological anomalies of the haploid syndrome.

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