Analysis of 3-d molecular distribution with the digital imaging microscope

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
W.A. Carrington ◽  
F.S. Fay ◽  
K.E. Fogarty ◽  
L. Lifshitz
Keyword(s):  
Image Restoration ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Optical Axis ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Single Living Cells

Advances in digital imaging microscopy and in the synthesis of fluorescent dyes allow the determination of 3D distribution of specific proteins, ions, GNA or DNA in single living cells. Effective use of this technology requires a combination of optical and computer hardware and software for image restoration, feature extraction and computer graphics.The digital imaging microscope consists of a conventional epifluorescence microscope with computer controlled focus, excitation and emission wavelength and duration of excitation. Images are recorded with a cooled (-80°C) CCD. 3D images are obtained as a series of optical sections at .25 - .5 μm intervals.A conventional microscope has substantial blurring along its optical axis. Out of focus contributions to a single optical section cause low contrast and flare; details are poorly resolved along the optical axis. We have developed new computer algorithms for reversing these distortions. These image restoration techniques and scanning confocal microscopes yield significantly better images; the results from the two are comparable.

scholarly journals Відходи вирощування представників роду ехінацея (Echinacea Moench) як перспективне джерело біологічно активних речовин

2013 ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
С. В. Шершова
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Echinacea Pallida ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Substances

Проведено експериментальне обґрунтування біо-конверсії відходів вирощування (полови) ехінацеїпурпурової (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) таехінацеї блідої (Echinacea pallida (Nutt) Nutt.).Доведена висока активність екстрактів полови зехінацеї пурпурової, що проявлялася у стимуляціїросту тест-культури. Встановлено, що найвищустимулюючу активність мають екстракти поло-ви ехінацеї пурпурової: водні за концентрації0,01 %, спиртові – 0,01–0,001 %; до того ж іззбільшенням концентрації спирту в екстрактахзнижувалась їх активність. Вперше встановлено,що полова ехінацеї містить специфічні білки –лектини, активність яких у відходах ехінацеї блі-дої значно перевищувала ехінацею пурпурову. Роз-роблено технологічні схеми отримання лектинівта екстрактів біологічно активних речовин із від-ходів вирощування (полови) для їх ефективноговикористовування. The experimental foundation bioconversion of waste product of growing (chaff), purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) and pale coneflower (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.) was to carriedout. The high activity of extracts of coneflower chaff, which had growth-stimulating effect to the testculture, was proved. Found that the highest stimulating activity has the extract of chaff purpleconeflowers: aqueous solution at concentrations of 0.01 %, alcohol-0.01 %-0.001 % and with increasingconcentration of alcohol in the extracts decreased their activity. For the first time it has been shown thatchaff of Echinacea contains specific proteins - lectins, and their activity in the waste product of paleconeflower significantly exceeded then activity in the waste product of purple coneflower. Technologicalschemes to get of lectins and extracts of biologically active substances from waste growing product(chaff), was worked out for their effective use.

scholarly journals Numerical Evaluation of Image Contrast for Thicker and Thinner Objects among Current Intraoral Digital Imaging Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyunbat Dashpuntsag ◽  
Midori Yoshida ◽  
Ryosuke Kasai ◽  
Naoki Maeda ◽  
Hidehiko Hosoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Photostimulable Phosphor ◽  
Phosphor Plate ◽  
Digital Imaging Systems ◽  
Photostimulable Phosphor Plate ◽  
Small Bone

The purpose is to evaluate the performance of current intraoral digital detectors in detail using a precise phantom and new method. Two aluminum step wedges in 0.5 mm steps were exposed by two photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) systems—one with automatic exposure compensation (AEC) and the other without AEC—and a CCD sensor. Images were obtained with 3 doses at 60 kV. The effect of metallic material also was evaluated. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for thinner steps and the low contrast value (LCV) for thicker steps were obtained. The CCD system was the best under all conditions (P<0.001), although the Gray value was sensitive to the dose, and the Gray value-dose relation varied greatly. The PSP system with AEC was superior to that without AEC for the LCV (P<0.001) but was inferior to it regarding the CNR (P<0.001). CNR and LCV in the PSP system without AEC were not affected by the metallic plate. Intraoral digital imaging systems should be chosen according to their diagnostic purpose. PSP system with AEC may be the best for detecting molar proximal caries, whereas the PSP system without AEC may be better for evaluating small bone regeneration in periodontal disease. The CCD system provided the best performance.

Image Restoration using Recent Techniques: A Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 13050-13062
Author(s):  
Mrs. Poonam Y. Pawar, Dr. Bharati Sanjay Ainapure
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Restoration ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Degraded Image ◽  
Recent Trends

Image Restoration is one of the challenging and essential milestones in the image processing domain. Digital image processing is a technique for manipulating digital images using a variety of computer algorithms. The process of transforming the degraded or damaged image to the original image can be known as Image Restoration. The image restoration process improves image quality by converting the degraded image into the original clean image. The techniques for image restoration are comprised of predefined parameters through which digital image gets processed for refinements. The purpose of restoration is to start with the acquired image and then estimate the original image as accurately as possible. A degraded image can be contaminated by any of a blur or noise or both. Many factors can contribute to image degradation, including poor capture, poor lighting, and poor eyesight. Medical science, defensive sensor systems, forensic detections, and astrology all rely on image restoration for accuracy. This paper discusses various image restoration techniques using recent trends for performance improvements.

A Novel Image Contrast Restoration Algorithm for Fog

2013 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
Hui Xian Lv ◽  
Zhi Gang Zhao ◽  
Yan Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Image Restoration ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Filtering Method ◽  
Restoration Algorithm ◽  
Homomorphic Filtering ◽  
Degraded Image ◽  
Soft Threshold ◽  
Degraded Images ◽  
Novel Algorithm

Images captured in fog suffer from low contrast, restoration of fog- degraded images are needed. In this paper, a novel algorithm of image restoration based on wavelet semi-soft threshold is presented. The results show detail restoration and de-noising are improved effectively comparing with Histogram equalization and homomorphic filtering method. It can be concluded that the new algorithm enhanced the contrast of fog-degraded image well.

European Legal Framework for Algorithmic and High Frequency Trading (Mifid 2 and MAR)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilen ČUK ◽  
Arnaud VAN WAEYENBERGE
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
High Frequency Trading ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Market Abuse

AbstractAlgorithmic and high frequency trading use computer algorithms to execute strategies and the confluence of trends in computer hardware, programming, mathematical modelling, and financial innovation have pushed the limits of trading speed to unprecedented levels. Algorithms are fast and automatically spread disruptions through the financial system. Over the last decade, the ensuing systemic risk called for new regulations. This article attempts an early assessment of the new European legal framework (Mifid 2 and Market Abuse Regime) intended to tackle the technological risks of the modern trading paradigm.

Understanding Digital Color Imaging and Processing

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Color Reproduction ◽  
Spectral Content ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Effective Use

Color and Color PerceptionAccurate color reproduction is an essential component in the effective use of digital imaging techniques in light microscopy. The color reproduction process begins with an understanding that color is the result of three key elements; light, the illuminated object, and the observation method. When light strikes an object, wavelengths may be reflected, absorbed or transmitted. Additionally, the observed colors are strongly influenced by the intensity of the illumination and its spectral content. Colors we think of as “white” can vary significantly in their spectral distribution, e.g., skylight is actually a bluish white while tungsten bulbs produce a yellowish white.Light waves that reach the eye stimulate a complex process that is not yet fully understood. Within the retina, three different types of cones respond to color hues and brightness while rods sense only brightness.

scholarly journals Self-labeling of proteins with chemical fluorescent dyes in BY-2 cells and Arabidopsis seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryu J. Iwatate ◽  
Akira Yoshinari ◽  
Noriyoshi Yagi ◽  
Marek Grzybowski ◽  
Hiroaki Ogasawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Protein Labeling ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Super Resolution Microscopy

AbstractSynthetic chemical fluorescent dyes are promising tools for many applications in biology. SNAP tagging provides a unique opportunity for labeling of specific proteins in vivo with synthetic dyes for studying for example endocytosis, or super-resolution microscopy. However, despite the potential, chemical dye tagging has not been used effectively in plants. A major drawback was the limited knowledge regarding cell wall and membrane permeability of synthetic dyes. Twenty-six out of 31 synthetic dyes were taken up into BY-2 cells, eight were not taken up and can thus serve for measuring endocytosis. Three of the dyes that were able to enter the cells, SNAP-tag ligands of diethylaminocoumarin, tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) and silicon-rhodamine (SiR) 647 were used to SNAP tag α-tubulin. Successful tagging was verified by live cell imaging and visualization of microtubules arrays in interphase and during mitosis. Fluorescence activation-coupled protein labeling (FAPL) with DRBG-488 was used to observe PIN2 endocytosis and delivery to the vacuole as well as preferential delivery of newly synthesized PIN2 to the newly forming cell plate during mitosis. Together the data demonstrate that specific self-labeling of proteins can be used effectively in plants to study a wide variety to cell biological processes.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of Internet provision on students' information-gathering strategies

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Meek ◽  
Marie Garnett ◽  
John Grattan
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Effective Teaching And Learning ◽  
The Impact

Universities may invest millions of pounds in the provision of computer hardware without ever seriously considering the educational results such investment may deliver. Equally, academics may be committed to the use of IT in teaching and learning because it is expected of them (cf. Dearing, 1997), and rarely give serious consideration to the impact which the effective use of IT may have on student learning (Lauillard, 1993). The use of the WWW to deliver material in support of university teaching is still in its infancy, yet already two distinct approaches to its use can be seen. The first approach uses the WWW passively to deliver existing lecture notes in a technologically impressive and, perhaps more importantly, highly convenient fashion. The second approach attempts to shape the material delivered to maximize the teaching and learning potential of the WWW and to develop students' skills in the use of the medium. But which approach works more effectively? And how does one balance the needs of an academic community pressured by the Research Assessment Exercise with the need to develop effective teaching and learning strategies which maximize the potential of IT for the academic community, for the students and for their future employers?DOI:10.1080/0968776980060109

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