EM of hot-dip zinc-iron (galvannealed) coatings

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1036-1037
Author(s):  
J.D.L 'Ecuyer ◽  
M. Gagné ◽  
C.C. Cheng ◽  
G.L. 'Espérance
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Steel Product ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Coating Microstructure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Zinc Coatings

Galvannealed coatings have superior weldability and paintability characteristics than conventional zinc coatings. As a result, the market for galvannealed steel sheets is steadily increasing especially in the automotive industry. The formation of the brittle intermetallic Zn-Fe phases, Γ, Γ1, δ, and Z also affects the for- mability properties of the coated steel product. In order to minimize powdering and flaking, the microstructure of the coating must be closely controlled.The characterization of the galvannealed coating microstructure is essential but has proven to be quite difficult. The individual phases cannot be resolved using optical microscopy. X-ray diffraction appears promising, however some of the intermetallic phases are too thin to produce a detectable signal. Electrochemical stripping has been used, but phase identification is ambiguous. Direct observation of the phases using electron microscopy appears to be the best method for characterizing these coatings.

Application of Gandolfi X-Ray Diffraction to the Characterization of Reaction Products from the Alteration of Simulated Nuclear Wastes

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. F. Anderson ◽  
M. E. Zolensky ◽  
D. K. Smith ◽  
W. P. Freeborn ◽  
B. E. Scheetz
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Individual Particle ◽  
Nuclear Wastes ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Grains ◽  
Phase Characterization

AbstractAccurate phase characterization of the alteration products of rad-waste requires the separation and identification of scattered individual grains from among the bulk product. These grains are typically 5 to 100 μm in size. Bulk x-ray powder diffraction will normally not detect these minor phases, and even if the phase can be detected, it often may not be identifiable. The use of the Gandolfi technique with the individual particle not only facilitates the identification, but also allows the assignment of the identification to the specific grain.

Preparation and Characterization of Kenaf and Oil Palm Nanocellulose by Acid Hydrolysis Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 495-500
Author(s):  
Nurfarah Aini Mocktar ◽  
Mohammad Khairul Azhar Abdul Razab ◽  
An'amt Mohamed Noor ◽  
Nor Hakimin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
High Degree

Acid hydrolysis method become one of the attention among researcher to produce high degree nanocellulose. Integration of sonication process was used to stir and mix particles in an element for different stages. This paper revealed the surface morphology and crystallinity index of two organic plant that were kenaf and oil palm nanocellulose. Characterization of the nanocellulose were identified by 2 techniques; (1) field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) that provides surface morphology and elemental information of the element, (2) x-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification of materials crystallinity. The result showed that the properties of nanocellulose increase after sonication method have been integrated.

EBSD Analysis of SmCoFeCuZr Alloys

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 608-613
Author(s):  
Sergio Antonio Romero ◽  
Christien G. Hauegen ◽  
Fernando J.G. Landgraf ◽  
Marcos Flavio de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Ebsd Analysis ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Complementary Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kikuchi Lines

In the present study, EBSD was used for the characterization of alloys used for production of SmFeCoCuZr magnets. EBSD is adequate for texture analysis, but may give misleading results for phase identification. EBSD is not suitable for identifying phases with very similar crystalline structure, especially when the phases are crystallographically coherent, due to the superposition of Kikuchi lines. As consequence, for phase identification EBSD should be considered a complementary technique to other methods, as for example x-ray diffraction (XRD).

Preparation and characterization of a novel solid solution of aluminum in tungsten carbide by mechanically activated high-temperature reaction

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junmin Yan ◽  
Xianfeng Ma ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Huaguo Tang ◽  
Changjun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Substitutional Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
High Temperature Reaction

In this work, a novel substitutional solid solution (W0.8Al0.2)C was synthesized by mechanically activated high-temperature reaction. X-ray diffraction was used for phase identification during the whole reaction process. Environment scanning electronic microscopy–field emission gun and energy dispersive x-ray were used to investigate the microstructure and the quantitative material composition of the specimen. (W0.8Al0.2)C was found to crystallize in the WC-type, and the cell parameters were a = 2.907(1) Å and c = 2.837(1) Å. The hardness of (W0.8Al0.2)C was tested to be 19.3 ± 1 GPa, and the density was 13.19 ± 0.05 g cm−3.

X-ray diffraction characterization of MOVPE ZnSe films deposited on (100) GaAs using conventional and high-resolution diffractometers

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Blanton ◽  
C. L. Barnes ◽  
M. Holland ◽  
K. B. Kahen ◽  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Pin Diode ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rocking Curve ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sample Throughput ◽  
Gaas Substrates ◽  
Deposition Parameters

ZnSe-based heterostructures grown on GaAs substrates have been investigated for use in pin-diode LED applications. In this study, a conventional Bragg-Brentano diffractometer (BBD) has been used to screen samples for phase identification, crystallite size, presence of polycrystalline ZnSe, and initial rocking curve (RC) analysis. A limitation of the conventional diffractometer is that the smallest RC full width at half maximum (FWHM) that can be achieved is 500 to 600 arc sec. As deposition parameters are optimized and the RC limit of the conventional diffractometer is reached, analysis is moved to a four-bounce high-resolution diffractometer (HRD). Although more time for analysis is required, using the HRD has a RC resolution advantage, where RCs of <20 arc sec are obtained for neat GaAs wafers. Combining the BBD and HRD instruments for analysis of ZnSe films grown on GaAs substrates allows for an efficient means of high sample throughput combined with an accurate measurement of film alignment.

scholarly journals The Characterization Of Cast Fe-Cr-C Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wieczerzak ◽  
P. Bała ◽  
M. Stępień ◽  
G. Cios ◽  
T. Kozieł
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cast State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Hardness

AbstractThe paper presents the results of the characterization of alloy from Fe-Cr-C (carbon content 0.79 wt.%) system including the microstructure, phase analysis, morphology and hardness in as cast state. The chemical composition was designed to create chromium-rich ferritic matrix with high volume fraction of carbides in form of interdendritic eutectics. The research was carried out on the cross section of the ingot, synthesized in an arc furnace under high purity argon atmosphere and crystallized on water-cooled copper mould. Microstructural characterization was carried out by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phase identification was performed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure of the investigated alloy is composed of primary and secondary dendrites Fe-Cr solid solution and complex M23C6and M7C3carbides in interdendritic areas. Segregation of Cr and C during crystallization causes precipitation of M7C3carbides. The average hardness of the alloy is 205±12 HV10.

Complex XRD and XRF Characterization of TiN-TiCN-TiC Surface Coatings for Medical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Banaszek ◽  
Bartłomiej Januszewicz ◽  
Emilia Wołowiec ◽  
Leszek Klimek
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Joint Replacements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Careful Preparation

Article presents results of measurements of vital parameters of PVD coatings of potential application in medicine (joint replacements or medical tools). The phase identification, level of residual stresses and texture were determined for various coatings by X-ray diffraction method. Chemical composition of coatings was verified by means of XRF. A set of measurements reveled the existence of advantageous compressive stresses in coatings, the texture determination showed undesirable fiber texture in TiN coating and advantageous uniformity of TiCN ones. XRF analysis pointed out the necessity of careful preparation of samples during PVD process during which phenomena of inhomogeneity in chemical can be present as it is presented in the paper.

Characterization of Al and Al-Cr-Al Thin Films

1986 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. De Lima ◽  
Y. Lepetre ◽  
M. B. Brodsky
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Perfect Continuity ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

ABSTRACTTEM, X-ray diffraction, and electrical resistivity measurements were used to study the microstructure and the growth of AI-Cr-AI film sandwiches, where the individual Al layers were 300 Å thick and the Cr thickness was varied between 0–10 atomic layers. The base vacuum was around 1.0 × 10−10 torr, substrate temperatures varied between 100–350 °C, and evaporation rates were 3Å/s for Al and ∼0.1 – 0.2 Å/s for Cr. All Al films had a strong (111) texture and showed a non-percolative island structure at 350 °C. The films became connected at lower substrate temperatures, reaching perfect continuity at 100°C. However, electrical conductivity is achieved also for the films deposited at 350 °C when one or more atomic layers of Cr are sandwiched between the Al layers. Results for the superconducting critical temperature and resistivity are discussed in terms of Cr diffusion into Al and the film size effect.

X-ray Diffraction Analysis of High Tc Superconducting Thin Films

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
T. C. Huang ◽  
A. Segmuller ◽  
W. Lee ◽  
V. Lee ◽  
D. Bullock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bulk Superconductors

AbstractX-ray diffraction techniques have been used for the structure characterization of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O thin films. A powder diffraction analysis of Y-Ba-Cu-O films showed that the films deposited at 650°C on Si are polycrystalline and have an orthorhambic structure similar to that of the YBa2Cu3O7 bulk superconductors. In addition to the conventional powder diffraction technique, both the rocking curve and the grazing incidence diffraction methods were used to characterize a YBa2Cu3O7 film on (110) SrTiO3 substrate. Results showed that the film was epitaxially grown and aligned with its substrate in a true epitaxy. Phase identification and line broadening analyses of Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O films showed that the films are comprised of one or more superconducting phases and probably contain stacking faults.

Characterization of Black Powder Found in Sales Gas Pipelines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq S. Khan ◽  
Mohamed S. Alshehhi ◽  
Lyes Khezzar
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Black Powder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Abundant Element ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Black powder (BP) is a typical contaminant usually found in sales gas pipelines. Its presence may cause major operational and maintenance issues including blockage of sensors and filters, erosion of pipeline bends and compromise the sales gas quality. There has been little known about its composition and sources of formation in the gas pipelines. Understanding its characteristics is considered crucial for appropriate mitigation planning and execution of smooth pipelines operations. Black powder samples collected from sales gas pipelines network of a Middle Eastern gas company are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) methods for surface analysis and phase identification of the crystalline material. These analyses revealed variation in size distribution and shape of the BP samples. Likewise, most of the BP particles were found agglomerated. EDX analysis of the sample has shown presence of iron as the most abundant element after sulfur. XRD patterns can be indexed with both iron oxides and sulfides suggesting presence of moisture and hydrogen sulfide in the gas.

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