Method and Description of the Aging in Manitoba Project: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. Chipperfield ◽  
Betty Havens ◽  
Wendy D. Doig
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe Aging in Manitoba (AIM) project includes nearly 9,000 seniors who have been interviewed. Three independent cross-sectional samples (i.e. 1971, 1976, 1983) were subsequently followed (1983–1984, 1990), producing cross-sectional and longitudinal data. A major goal of this paper was to examine non-response over time and representativeness of the panel of AIM survivors. This involved analysis of non-response, calculations of completion/response rates, and comparisons of demographic variables across the AIM sample and the broader Manitoba and Canadian populations. Non-response was very low (4.6% in 1983–1984, 5.0% in 1990) and did not appear to be dependent on such factors as location, gender, education level, or nationality descent. The 95.0 per cent completion rate compares favourably with other longitudinal studies, demonstrating the value of employing rigorous tracking procedures. These findings suggest that attempts to minimize bias and selective attrition in the AIM study have been successful.

scholarly journals Compassion toward others and self-compassion predict mental and physical well-being: a 5-year longitudinal study of 1090 community-dwelling adults across the lifespan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Lee ◽  
Tushara Govind ◽  
Marina Ramsey ◽  
Tsung Chin Wu ◽  
Rebecca Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThere is growing interest in the role of compassion in promoting health and well-being, with cross-sectional data showing an inverse correlation with loneliness. This is the first longitudinal study examining both compassion toward others (CTO) and compassion toward self (CTS) as predictors of mental and physical health outcomes including loneliness, across adult lifespan. We followed 552 women and 538 men in San Diego County for up to 7.5 (mean 4.8 and SD 2.2) years, using validated rating scales for CTO, CTS, and loneliness. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to examine age- and sex-related trajectories of CTO and CTS over time. Linear regression models were used to evaluate baseline and longitudinal relationships of CTO and CTS with mental well-being, physical well-being, and loneliness. CTS and CTO were weakly intercorrelated. Women had higher baseline CTO than men. While CTO was stable over time and across the lifespan, CTS scores had an inverse U-shaped relationship with age, peaking around age 77. There were significant baseline × slope interactions of both CTO and CTS predicting improvements in physical well-being in adults <60 years old. Increases in CTO and CTS predicted improvements in mental well-being. Higher baseline CTO and CTS as well as increases in CTO and CTS scores predicted lower loneliness scores at follow-up. Thus, CTO and CTS were associated with better mental well-being and loneliness across the adult lifespan, and physical well-being in younger adults, and are promising targets for interventions to improve health outcomes.

scholarly journals Perfectionistic self-presentation and emotional experiences in music students: A three-wave longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-776
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hill ◽  
Karen Burland ◽  
Elaine C. King ◽  
Stephanie E. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Over Time

Research has shown that perfectionism predicts emotional experiences among amateur, professional and adolescent musicians. In examining these relationships, previous research has measured trait perfectionism and employed cross-sectional designs. The current study builds on existing research by examining whether perfectionistic self-presentation (as opposed to trait perfectionism) predicts negative and positive emotional experiences in music students over time. One hundred and forty-three music students ( M age 18.92 years, SD = 2.96) enrolled in music-related degree programs completed measures of perfectionistic self-presentation (perfectionistic self-promotion, non-display of imperfection, and non-disclosure of imperfection) and emotional experiences (positive and negative feelings) at the start, middle and the end of the academic year. Path analysis revealed that perfectionistic self-promotion at the start of the year predicted lower positive feelings in the middle of the year, and non-disclosure of imperfection in the middle of the year predicted lower positive feelings at the end of the year. In addition, negative feelings in the middle of the year also predicted higher non-disclosure of imperfection at the end of the year. The findings suggest that the desire to present oneself perfectly and avoid disclosure of imperfections may contribute to less positive emotional experiences among music students.

scholarly journals The Fundamentals of Longitudinal Research: An Overview

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rajulton
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complicating Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

This paper outlines briefly the historical development of ideas related to longitudinal studies and their advantages over cross-sectional studies. Then it points out a few complicating factors that arise with the analysis of longitudinal data and highlights some of the approaches adopted to manage those complicating factors and illustrated in the papers included in this Special Issue. The overall aim is to promote a better understanding of the information that longitudinal data provide and of the suitable techniques needed to analyze such data.

Trajectories of major depression disorders: A systematic review of longitudinal neuroimaging findings

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Dohm ◽  
Ronny Redlich ◽  
Pienie Zwitserlood ◽  
Udo Dannlowski
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Course Of Depression

Objective: Structural and functional brain alterations in major depression disorder (MDD) are well studied in cross-sectional designs, but little is known about the causality between onset and course of depression on the one hand, and neurobiological changes over time on the other. To explore the direction of causality, longitudinal studies with a long time window (preferably years) are needed, but only few have been undertaken so far. This article reviews all prospective neuroimaging studies in MDD patients currently available and provides a critical discussion of methodological challenges involved in the investigation of the causal relationship between brain alterations and the course of MDD. Method: We conducted a systematic review of studies published before September 2015, to identify structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that assess the relation between neuronal alterations and MDD in longitudinal (⩾1 year) designs. Results: Only 15 studies meeting minimal standards were identified. An analysis of these longitudinal data showed a large heterogeneity between studies regarding design, samples, imaging methods, spatial restrictions and, consequently, results. There was a strong relationship between brain-volume outcomes and the current mood state, whereas longitudinal studies failed to clarify the influence of pre-existing brain changes on depressive outcome. Conclusion: So far, available longitudinal studies cannot resolve the causality between the course of depression and neurobiological changes over time. Future studies should combine high methodological standards with large sample sizes. Cooperation in multi-center studies is indispensable to attain sufficient sample sizes, and should allow careful assessment of possible confounders.

scholarly journals The Effect of Demographic Variables and Ownership on Credit Card Market in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Zandi ◽  
Shaheen Mansori ◽  
Ong Boon Hai
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Credit Card Market

The aim of this research is to provide a framework for credit card providers to develop a better marketing strategy as well as business related to credit transaction by providing better understanding towards the effect of current individual demographic variable towards credit card ownership and usage in Malaysia. This research discusses the effect of significant demographic variables and ownership on the usage of credit card in Malaysia. The impacts of four key demographic variables are age, gender, education level, and income level on ownership and usage of credit card among credit cardholders in Malaysia. Whereas the income level has the strongest relationship among other demographic variables, it has to be taken into consideration by the credit card providers not just the ownership of credit card as well as the demographic variables while developing market strategy, particularly in Malaysia.

How Do Adolescents Get Their E-Cigarettes and Other Electronic Vaping Devices?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Pepper ◽  
Ellen M. Coats ◽  
James M. Nonnemaker ◽  
Brett R. Loomis
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: More adolescents “vape” (use e-cigarettes and similar devices) than smoke, but little is known about how underage users obtain vaping devices. This knowledge could inform efforts to prevent youth access. Design: Original cross-sectional survey with social media recruitment. Settings: Online. Participants: A total of 1729 adolescents (2809 qualified on screener; completion rate 61.6%) aged 15 to 17 years who vaped in the past 30 days. Measures: Adolescents’ vaping attitudes, ownership of vaping devices, how they obtain devices, and frequency of borrowing others’ devices. Analysis: Logistic regression. Results: Most adolescents (78.2%) owned a vaping device. The most common sources were purchasing from a store or online (31.1%), buying from another person (16.3%), or giving someone money to purchase for them (15.0%). The majority (72.8%) had used someone else’s vaping device in the past 30 days. Adolescents who vaped more often, did not own a vaping device, vaped in social situations, and had previously been refused purchase were more likely to frequently borrow others’ devices. Conclusions: Despite high rates of ownership, many adolescents borrowed devices, suggesting that borrowing is part of users’ social experience, not just a means of acquisition. Although better enforcement of age restrictions could lessen purchasing, future research is needed to understand why adolescents borrow and how their acquisition sources shift over time. That information could be harnessed for targeted, borrowing-related antivaping campaigns.

scholarly journals Detecting and harmonizing scanner differences in the ABCD study - annual release 1.0

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan M. Nielson ◽  
Francisco Pereira ◽  
Charles Y. Zheng ◽  
Nino Migineishvili ◽  
John A. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Balanced Sampling ◽  
Empirical Bayes Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time ◽  
And Task

In order to obtain the sample sizes needed for robustly reproducible effects, it is often necessary to acquire data at multiple sites using different MRI scanners. This poses a challenge for investigators to account for the variance due to scanner, as balanced sampling is often not an option. Similarly, longitudinal studies must deal with known and unknown changes to scanner hardware and software over time. In this manuscript, we have explored scanner-related differences in the dataset recently released by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) project, a multi-site, longitudinal study of children age 9-10. We demonstrate that scanner manufacturer, model, as well as the individual scanner itself, are detectable in the resting and task-based fMRI results of the ABCD dataset. We further demonstrate that these differences can be harmonized using an empirical Bayes approach known as ComBat. We argue that accounting for scanner variance, including even minor differences in scanner hardware or software, is crucial for any analysis.

scholarly journals Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization in Youth: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Marciano ◽  
Peter J Schulz ◽  
Anne-Linda Camerini
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Cyberbullying perpetration (CP) and victimization (CV) are prevalent issues in adolescent development. However, previous meta-analyses focused only on cross-sectional findings. The present study aims to meta-analytically summarize 56 longitudinal studies on CP, CV, and related factors in children and adolescents. Forty meta-analyses on CP and CV as both predictors and outcomes of person-related, Internet activity-related, and contextual factors were performed. Additional moderator analyses took into account study design, sample population, and quality of the studies. Results highlight reciprocal longitudinal effects among CP, CV, and both traditional bullying and victimization: CP causes externalizing problem behaviors over time, whereas CV constitutes a risk factor of internalizing problems, such as depression and anxiety. Conversely, behavioral problems and increased Internet use predict involvement in CP, while depression, anxiety, and Internet use also predict CV over time. Further longitudinal research is needed to provide empirical evidence on understudied concepts.

Research note: A prenotice greeting card’s impact on response rates and response time

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-432
Author(s):  
Ashley K. Griggs ◽  
Rebecca J. Powell ◽  
Jennifer Keeney ◽  
Megan Waggy ◽  
Kathleen Mullan Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants

Maintaining high response rates over time is critical for the integrity of longitudinal studies. A best practice for encouraging survey participation in cross-sectional studies is to send sample members a pre-incentive with the survey invitation. However, in longitudinal studies this may change sample members’ future expectations of incentives. Instead researchers can use a prenotice to remind longitudinal sample members of the study and inform them of the upcoming wave. A unique greeting card format for a prenotice was experimentally tested against a $10 pre-incentive in the longitudinal study Add Health. The prenotice card, which thanked sample members for their ongoing contributions to the study over the last 20-plus years, significantly increased response rates and decreased survey response times over the 12-month course of data collection compared to the control. At the end of data collection, the prenotice card was equally effective as a $10 pre-incentive. However, in the first month of data collection, the combination of the prenotice card and pre-incentive was the most effective approach, suggesting that the best approach may depend on the planned duration of data collection. Additionally, sample members who did not participate in a previous wave had higher response rates this wave with the pre-incentive compared to the control. The findings suggest that long-term longitudinal study participants may evaluate researchers’ gratitude as a type of benefit on par with monetary incentives, offering researchers opportunities to reduce incentive costs, but this may differ based on previous wave participation.

Customer experience quality and demographic variables (age, gender, education level, and family income) in retail stores

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 940-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Deshwal
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Customer Experience ◽  
Retail Store ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Education

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on ascertaining whether and how groups based on demographic variables (age, gender, education level, and family income) differs for dimensions of customer experience quality in the Indian retail store context. Design/methodology/approach A 23 items instrument was distributed to retail store customers. Demographic variables were age, gender, education level, and family income. Finally, the analysis was performed on 346 responses. ANOVA test was performed to find out the significant difference between the groups based on demographic variables with respect to components of customer experience quality in the Indian retail store context. Findings Analysis revealed that some categories of demographic variables differ with respect to dimensions of customer experience quality in the Indian retail store context. Originality/value Authors believe that this is the first study, which applies EXQ model in India retail context.

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