Telephone-Administered Cognitive Tests as Tools for the Identification of Eligible Study Participants for Population-Based Research in Aging

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Wolfson ◽  
Susan A. Kirkland ◽  
Parminder S. Raina ◽  
Jennifer Uniat ◽  
Karen Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Eligible Study ◽  
Revue De La Littérature ◽  
Consentement Éclairé ◽  
Study Participants

RÉSUMÉLors du processus de recrutement, l’Étude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement (ÉLCV) fera face au défi d’identifier les individus qui ne possèdent pas suffisamment de compétences pour donner un consentement éclairé. Pendant le processus d’élaboration de l’ÉLCV, une revue de la littérature a été faite dans le but d’identifier les outils téléphoniques existants qui permettent le dépistage des déficits cognitifs et qui pourraient être utilisés pour identifier les participants éligibles pour une étude sur le vieillissement fondée sur la population. Nous avons identifié 12 outils téléphonique, quatre étaient basés sur l’examen de l’état mini-mental (MMSE) et huit étaient basés sur d’autres tests de dépistage de l’état cognitif administrés en personne. Les caractéristiques, incluant les items mesurés, le temps requis pour l’administration, le mode de pointage-classification, de même que toutes informations concernant la validation de chaque outil, ont été extraites et résumées.

Isolated Agenesis of the Gallbladder

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peloponissios ◽  
Gillet ◽  
Halkic
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
Voies Biliaires ◽  
Revue De La Littérature ◽  
Vésicule Biliaire ◽  
Diagnostic Différentiel

L'agénésie isolée de la vésicule biliaire (AVB) est une anomalie rare. Vingt-trois pour cents des porteurs de cette malformation présentent des douleurs de l'hypochondre droit accompagnées de nausées et d'intolérance aux graisses dont l'étiologie reste souvent inexpliquée. Que la méthode d'investigation initiale soit un ultrason ou une cholangiographie intraveineuse, le diagnostic retenu à tort est dans la grande majorité des cas celui d'une vésicule exclue ou scléro-atrophique. Il résulte de cette erreur une indication chirurgicale inutile avec un risque accru de lésion des voies biliaires. Le but de ce travail et de déterminer s'il est possible, malgré les pièges de l'imagerie radiologique, d'obtenir un diagnostic préopératoire et de préciser la marche à suivre en cas de découverte pré ou peropératoire d'une AVB. A partir de deux cas isolés que nous présentons dans ce travail, nous avons effectué une revue de la littérature. C'est en fait la méconnaissance de cette pathologie et sa non-évocation dans le diagnostic différentiel qui conduit à une prise en charge chirurgicale inutile et dangereuse. L'absence de structures anatomiques normales et l'impossibilité de réaliser une traction sur l'infundibulum afin de mener la dissection du triangle de Calot représente un risque accru de lésion des voies biliaires. L'évocation de ce diagnostique par le radiologue ou le chirurgien est essentielle lors de l'interprétation de l'imagerie radiologic. En cas de doute on réalisera une cholangiographie-IRM. Une transmission héréditaire de l'AVB a été observée. Les membres d'une même famille doivent être investigués.

scholarly journals The Association of Sensory Impairment With Incident Disability-Related Cessation of Employment in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 216-216
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shakarchi ◽  
Emmanuel Garcia Morales ◽  
Nicholas Reed ◽  
Bonnielin Swenor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Sensory impairment (SI) is common among older adults, and it is an increasingly important public health challenge as the population ages. We evaluated the association between SI and incident disability-related cessation of employment in older adults using the population-based Health and Retirement Study. Participants employed in 2006 completed biennial interviews until self-reported incident disability-related cessation of employment. Participants were censored at loss to follow-up, retirement, or 2018. Participants rated their vision and hearing, using eyeglasses or hearing aids if applicable, on a Likert scale (poor, fair, good, very good, excellent). SI was defined as poor or fair ability, and SI was categorized as neither SI (NSI), vision impairment alone (VI), hearing impairment alone (HI), and dual SI (DSI). Cox proportional hazard regression assessed the association between SI and incident disability-related cessation of employment, adjusting for demographic and health covariates. Overall, 4726 participants were included: 421 (8.9%) were with VI, 487 (10.3) with HI, and 203 (4.3%) with DSI. Mean age was 61.0 ± 6.8 years, 2488 (52.6%) were women, and 918 (19.4) were non-White. In the fully adjusted model, incident disability-related cessation of employment over the 12-year follow-up period was higher in VI (Hazard Ratio (HR)=1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.92, 1.85), HI (HR=1.60, CI=1.16, 2.22), and DSI (HR=2.02, CI=1.38, 2.96). These findings indicate that employed older adults with SI are at increased risk of incident disability-related cessation of employment, and that older adults with DSI are particularly vulnerable. Addressing SI in older adults may lengthen their contribution to the workforce.

scholarly journals Statin for Tuberculosis and Pneumonia in Patients with Asthma–Chronic Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome: A Time-Dependent Population-Based Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jun Yeh ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Chung-Y. Hsu ◽  
Zonyin Shae ◽  
Chia-Hung Kao
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Overlap Syndrome ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Steroids ◽  
Taiwan National Health Insurance ◽  
Study Participants

We investigated the effects of statins on tuberculosis (TB) and pneumonia risks in asthma–chronic pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS) patients. We extracted data of patients diagnosed as having ACOS during 2000–2010 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and divided them into statin users and nonusers. All study participants were followed up from the index date until death, withdrawal from insurance, or TB and pneumonia occurred (31 December 2011). The cumulative TB and pneumonia incidence was analyzed using Cox proportional regression analysis with time-dependent variables. After adjustments for multiple confounding factors including age, sex, comorbidities, and use of medications [statins, inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), or oral steroids (OSs)], statin use was associated with significantly lower TB [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.70] and pneumonia (aHR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41–0.65) risks. Moreover, aHRs (95% CIs) for statins combined with ICSs and OSs were respectively 0.60 (0.31–1.16) and 0.58 (0.40–0.85) for TB and 0.61 (0.39–0.95) and 0.57 (0.45–0.74) for pneumonia. Thus, statin users had lower TB and pneumonia risks than did nonusers, regardless of age, sex, comorbidities, and ICS or OS use. Pneumonia risk was lower among users of statins combined with ICSs or Oss and TB risk was lower among the users of statins combined with OSs.

scholarly journals Cohort Profile: The China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Zhao ◽  
Feng Hong ◽  
Jianzhong Yin ◽  
Wenge Tang ◽  
Gang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractCohort purposeThe China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) is a community population-based prospective observational study aiming to address the urgent need for understanding NCD prevalence, risk factors and associated conditions in resource-constrained settings for ethnic minorities in China.Cohort BasicsA total of 99 556 participants aged 30 to 79 years (Tibetan populations include those aged 18 to 30 years) from the Tibetan, Yi, Miao, Bai, Bouyei, and Dong ethnic groups in Southwest China were recruited between May 2018 and September 2019.Follow-up and attritionAll surviving study participants will be invited for re-interviews every 3-5 years with concise questionnaires to review risk exposures and disease incidence. Furthermore, the vital status of study participants will be followed up through linkage with established electronic disease registries annually.Design and MeasuresThe CMEC baseline survey collected data with an electronic questionnaire and face-to-face interviews, medical examinations and clinical laboratory tests. Furthermore, we collected biological specimens, including blood, saliva and stool, for long-term storage. In addition to the individual level data, we also collected regional level data for each investigation site.Collaboration and data accessCollaborations are welcome. Please send specific ideas to corresponding author at: [email protected].

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for periodontal disease: an analysis of electronic dental treatment records linked to pedigree, genomic, sociodemographic and clinical data

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairead Bermingham ◽  
Archie Campbell ◽  
David Porteous ◽  
Angus Walls
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Gum Disease

ABSTRACT BackgroundElectronic health records provides unprecedented opportunity for their re-use in genetic epidemiological research. However, electronic health records data from clinical settings, such as dental practices may be inaccurate or of insufficient granularity to be of use in research. In this study, we wish to determine the utility of National Health Service (NHS) electronic dental treatment records in genetic epidemiological research. ObjectiveTo estimate the heritability of periodontal disease using NHS electronic dental treatment records linked to health and non-health data within the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS). ApproachWe linked 852,355 NHS Scotland electronic dental treatment records from April 2000 to July 2015 to 20,626 participants within the GS:SFHS with pedigree, genomic, sociodemographic and clinical data. We then conducted a proof-of-principle genetic epidemiological analysis using periodontal (gum) disease treatment records. The data set analysed, consisted of 160,508 dental treatment records from 13,717 study participants; 3,387 of which were periodontal treatment records (from 2,192 study participants). We adjusted for the effects of previous treatment record, interval since last treatment, age, sex, treatment year, and treatment month, Scottish index of multiple deprivation, alcohol consumption, diabetes diagnosis, and smoking status in a linear model in the statistical software ASReml. We then calculated the mean risk of periodontal disease for each study participant based on residuals extracted from the aforementioned model. Genome-complex trait analysis (GCTA; with correction for population stratification) was used to estimate the pedigree and genomic based heritability of periodontal disease. ResultsWe estimate the familial heritability of periodontal (gum) disease at 10.42% (95% confidence interval 5.97-14.88%). The genomic component did not contribute significantly to the heritability estimate. Conclusionwe have demonstrated the usefulness of electronic dental treatment records in population based genetic epidemiological research .This study has also, to the best of our knowledge provided the first population based estimates of the genetic parameters for periodontal disease; confirming its familial nature. This invaluable and unique data resource will allow the acceleration of oral health research in Scotland and the exploration of research questions that could not be considered previously.

scholarly journals Dynamics of seroconversion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Czech unvaccinated population: nationwide prospective seroconversion (PROSECO) study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Piler ◽  
Vojtěch Thon ◽  
Lenka Andrýsková ◽  
Kamil Doležel ◽  
David Kostka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the Czech Republic weathered the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic with relatively low incidence, the second wave of the global pandemic saw it rank among countries bearing the greatest COVID-19 burden, both in Europe and on a worldwide scale. The aim of the nationwide prospective seroconversion (PROSECO) study was to investigate the dynamics of seroconversion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Czech population.MethodsAll clients of the second largest health insurance company in the Czech Republic were sent a written invitation to participate in this longitudinal study. The study includes the first 30,054 persons who provided a blood sample between October 2020 and March 2021. Seroprevalence was compared between calendar periods of blood sample collection, RT-PCR test results, sociodemographic factors, and other characteristics.FindingsThe data show a dramatic increase in seropositivity over time, from 28% in October/November 2020 to 43% in December 2020/January 2021 to 51% in February/March 2021. These trends were consistent with government data on cumulative viral antigenic prevalence in the population captured by PCR testing – although the seroprevalence rates established in this study were considerably higher than those listed in government data. Data pooled across the entire study period exhibited minor differences in seropositivity between sexes, age groups and body mass index categories; results were similar between test providing laboratories. Seropositivity was substantially higher among symptomatic vs. asymptomatic persons (76% vs. 34%). At least one third of all seropositive participants were asymptomatic, and 28% participants who developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 never underwent PCR testing.InterpretationAntibody response provides a better marker of past SARS-CoV-2 infection than PCR testing data. Our data on seroconversion confirm the rapidly increasing prevalence in the Czech population during the dramatically rising pandemic wave prior to the beginning of massive vaccination. The planned second and third assessment of the study participants (April 2021 – September 2021, October 2021 – March 2022) will provide valuable evidence on the seroprevalence changes following vaccination and persistence of antibodies resulting from natural infection and vaccination.Research in contextEvidence before this studySimilarly to most European countries, the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in the Czech Republic produced a relatively low incidence (86.9 confirmed cases per 100,000 persons over three months). At the peaks of the second wave, however, over 100 confirmed cases per 100,000 persons were diagnosed daily and the Czech Republic ranked among the countries with the greatest burden of COVID-19 in Europe and in the world. Only a few nationwide population-based studies have been published covering the second wave of the epidemic in Europe, and none of them from the Central and Eastern European region.Added value of this studyThe PROSECO study will provide key data from the heavily affected Central European region and contribute to the epidemiological and serological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. All 30,054 study participants were recruited between October 2020 and March 2021, thus covering all three epidemic peaks (November 2020, January and March 2021) of the second COVID-19 epidemic wave. This allows us to follow the dynamics of seroconversion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the immunologically naive and unvaccinated population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study participants will be re-assessed in the second (April 2021 – September 2021) and third (October 2021 – March 2022) PROSECO phases to further study the post-infection/post-vaccination dynamics of seroconversion in/after a period of massive vaccination.Implications of all the available evidenceData from the first phase of the PROSECO study indicate that the percentage of the population that has been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 may be substantially higher than estimates based on official data on cumulative viral positivity incidence as at least one third of seropositive participants were asymptomatic, and 28% of participants who developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 never underwent PCR testing. Regional seroprevalence data provide key information to inform, in combination with other surveillance data, public health policies and will be instrumental for the successful management of the subsequent phases of the global pandemic.The number of seropositive participants who never underwent RT-PCR testing demonstrates the importance of serological population-based studies describing the spread and exposure to the virus in the population over time.

scholarly journals Toxicité de l'ion fluorure envers les organismes d'eau douce et effets de la dureté - revue et nouvelle analyse de données existantes

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Giguère ◽  
P. G.C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Revue De La Littérature

Les plus importantes sources anthropiques de fluorures dans les systèmes d'eau douce comprennent les eaux usées municipales, les industries productrices de fertilisants et les alumineries. Plusieurs études montrent que la toxicité des fluorures est réduite lorsque le test toxicologique est réalisé en eau dure plutôt qu'en eau douce. Trois mécanismes peuvent être invoqués pour expliquer une telle tendance : (I) influence des ions de dureté (Ca2+ ; Mg2+) sur les organismes tests (soit au niveau de la barrière biologique séparant l'organisme de son milieu, soit au niveau de leur métabolisme interne); (II) complexation entre le fluorure et les ions de dureté dans le milieu d'exposition, menant à une réduction de la concentration en fluorure libre (F-); (III) précipitation de fluorite (CaF2) dans les milieux d'exposition, menant à une réduction de la concentration effective en fluorures. Pour identifier le ou les mécanisme(s) responsables de l'effet protecteur de la dureté, nous avons réalisé une revue de la littérature existante sur les poissons, les invertébrés et les insectes aquatiques d'eau douce. Parmi ces études, les plus complètes ont été sélectionnées et la spéciation des fluorures modélisée pour chaque cas. Les modélisations réalisées indiquent que la spéciation physique du fluorure (distinction entre les espèces dissoutes et particulaires) a beaucoup plus d'importance que sa spéciation chimique en solution dans les systèmes étudiés.

Efficacité de l’hypnose pour prendre en charge la fatigue associée au cancer : une revue de la littérature internationale

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-136
Author(s):  
L. Baussard ◽  
F. Cousson-Gélie ◽  
I. Nicklès
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Revue De La Littérature

Objectif : Les études qui s’interrogent sur l’efficacité des interventions non médicamenteuses, dans la prise en charge de la fatigue associée au cancer, comprennent le plus souvent des sessions d’activités physiques adaptées ou des prises en charge psychologiques. Parmi elles se trouve l’hypnose, mais elle est principalement proposée en combinaison avec une autre thérapie, limitant une interprétation en termes d’efficacité. À travers cette revue de la littérature, nous voulons comprendre quelle est la place de l’hypnose pour la prise en charge de la fatigue associée au cancer. Méthode : Nous avons recherché les articles scientifiques indexés dans les bases de données Cochrane, PsycINFO, Pubmed et Web of Science. Les principaux mots clés étaient « fatigue », « cancer » et « hypnosis ». La qualité méthodologique des études a été évaluée. Résultats : Quatre-vingt-deux études ont été recensées. Après sélection, 11 études ont été retenues à la lecture. Les résultats sur l’efficacité de l’hypnose seule (non combinée à une autre thérapie) ont porté sur 6 études. Bien qu’il faille distinguer l’hypnose délivrée par autrui, de l’autohypnose par audioenregistrement, nos résultats indiquent que 4 études rapportent une efficacité significative de l’hypnose pour réduire la fatigue des patients soignés pour un cancer. Conclusion : Au niveau international, trop peu d’études évaluent l’efficacité de l’hypnose en oncologie. Ainsi, sur un symptôme spécifique comme la fatigue, les études se font encore plus rares. De plus, il est difficile d’évaluer l’efficacité d’une méthode pour laquelle l’homogénéisation de la procédure est difficile à mettre en place. Cependant, au regard de cette étude, l’hypnose présente un réel intérêt et une efficacité dans la réduction des symptômes de fatigue.

Obesity and metabolic health status are determinants for the clinical expression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (17) ◽  
pp. 1849-1857
Author(s):  
Jun-Bean Park ◽  
Da Hye Kim ◽  
Heesun Lee ◽  
In-Chang Hwang ◽  
Yeonyee E Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Clinical Expression ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance ◽  
Study Participants

Aims We sought to investigate the association of obesity and metabolic health status with the incidence of clinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) diagnosis in the general population. Our goal was to identify modifiable risk factors to attenuate clinical expression of HCM, enabling management evolution from a mostly passive strategy of risk stratification to a proactive strategy of modifying disease expression. Methods Using nationwide population-based data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, 28,679,891 people who were free of prevalent HCM and who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2015 were followed until 31 December 2016. The primary outcome was clinical HCM that was defined as incident diagnosis of HCM during the follow-up, after a blanking period of 12 months. Results Over a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 0.027% ( n = 7851) of the study participants were diagnosed as incident HCM. The incidence rate per 1000 person-years was 0.059. A significant association was found between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of clinical HCM after multivariate adjustment, with a hazard ratio per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI of 1.063 (95% confidence interval 1.051–1.075). Metabolically unhealthy participants had a greater incidence of HCM than metabolically healthy participants, regardless of obesity status. The effect of BMI was more pronounced in several subgroups, including participants with no hypertension, those aged less than 65 years and men. Conclusion We found that individuals with obesity and/or metabolic abnormalities had a significantly higher incidence of clinical HCM diagnosis than their counterparts. Efforts to manage obesity and metabolic abnormalities may be important in modifying clinical expression of HCM.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Cognitive Function Prior to Cancer Diagnosis: A Population-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D van der Willik ◽  
Michael Hauptmann ◽  
Katarzyna Jóźwiak ◽  
Elisabeth J Vinke ◽  
Rikje Ruiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Nervous System Cancer

Abstract Background An emerging body of research suggests that noncentral nervous system cancer may negatively impact the brain apart from effects of cancer treatment. However, studies assessing cognitive function in newly diagnosed cancer patients cannot exclude selection bias and psychological effects of cancer diagnosis. To overcome these limitations, we investigated trajectories of cognitive function of patients before cancer diagnosis. Methods Between 1989 and 2013, a total of 2059 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study were diagnosed with noncentral nervous system cancer. Cognitive assessments were performed every 3 to 5 years using a neuropsychological battery. The general cognitive factor was composed of individual cognitive tests to assess global cognition. Using linear mixed models, we compared change in cognitive function of cancer case patients before diagnosis with cognitive change of age-matched cancer-free control subjects (1:2). In addition, we performed sensitivity analyses by discarding assessments of control subjects 5 years before the end of follow-up to exclude effects from potential undiagnosed cancer. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results The Word Learning Test immediate recall declined faster among case patients than among control subjects (−0.05, 95% confidence interval = −0.09 to −0.01 vs 0.01, 95% confidence interval = −0.01 to 0.03; P for difference = .003). However, this difference was not statistically significant in sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were observed in change of other individual cognitive tests and of the general cognitive factor. Conclusions In this study, we evaluated cognitive function in a large group of cancer patients prior to diagnosis, thereby excluding the psychological impact of cancer diagnosis and biased patient selection. In contrast to previous studies shortly after cancer diagnosis, we found no difference in change of cognitive function between cancer patients and control subjects.

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