Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Control in Soybean (Glycine max) With Acifluorfen, Chlorimuron, and Thiameturon

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Jones ◽  
Billy J. Gossett ◽  
James R. Harris ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Seed Yields

Acifluorfen, chlorimuron, and thiameturon were compared in single and sequential treatments for cowpea control in soybean. Chlorimuron applied once at 8.8 g ai/ha at 14, 21, and 28 days after cowpea emergence controlled 80% or more of cowpea. Control was greater at 14 and 21 than at 28 days after emergence in one of three experiments. Cowpea control by chlorimuron was similar with single and sequential treatments. Soybean injury was lower, and soybean seed yields generally were higher with chlorimuron than with thiameturon or acifluorfen. Thiameturon and acifluorfen controlled less than 60% of cowpea. Three weedy cowpea cultivars responded the same to chlorimuron, but cowpea recovery was substantial in 1 of 3 yr.

Control of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in Soybean (Glycine max) with Acifluorfen

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim R. Murphy ◽  
Billy J. Gossett
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Cowpea Plant

Acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} applied 7 days after cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.] emergence (unifoliolate leaf stage) gave better control than later applications. Cowpea control was obtained with one acifluorfen application at 7 days after cowpea emergence in 1981, but in 1980 and 1982, applications at 7 and 14 days were necessary for acceptable control (> 80%). Acifluorfen reduced cowpea plant dry weights relative to the weedy control. A single application 7 days after emergence reduced cowpea plant growth more than one at 21 days after emergence. Of all times of application, the greatest soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] injury occurred when acifluorfen was applied at 7, 14, and 21 days after emergence, but seed yields were not reduced relative to the untreated weed-free control. There was no difference in response among three weedy cowpea cultivars to acifluorfen.

Effects of Sequential Herbicide Treatments on Weeds and Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Better Than

Sequential herbicide treatments of 3-[p-(p-chlorophenoxy)-phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron) withS-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate) controlled weeds early in the season in soybeans (Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Dare’ or ‘Bragg’) better than when chloroxuron was applied in sequence with either α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,Ndipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) or 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (nitralin). The control of weeds late in the season was enhanced with split applications of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) or 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne) when applied to plots previously treated with chloroxuron as early postemergence and trifluralin, nitralin, or vernolate applied preplant. In 1969 nitralin injured soybeans, and reduced stands and seed yields significantly more than trifluralin or vernolate. In 1970 sequential treatments of prometryne with chloroxuron and vernolate were more phytotoxic to soybeans than were the same postemergence treatments when applied with nitralin and trifluralin.

Weed Control for Soybean (Glycine max) Planted in a Stale or Undisturbed Seedbed on Clay Soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry G. Heatherly ◽  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Richard A. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Made In

Field studies were conducted for three consecutive years to determine if PRE and/or POST herbicides were needed in addition to preplant foliar-applied glyphosate and POST cultivation for maximum seed yield of irrigated and nonirrigated soybean planted in stale and undisturbed seedbeds on clay soil. Soybean seed yields following the use of PRE and POST herbicides alone or in combination were similar in all years, and exceeded seed yield following the use of glyphosate plus POST cultivation only. Plantings made in no-till and fall-till seedbeds produced similar seed yields when both PRE and POST herbicides were used. These results indicate that glyphosate plus cultivation was not adequate for soybean in stale seedbed plantings, and that either PRE or POST herbicides, but not both, were required for maximum seed yield.

Effect of numbers of Bradyrhizobium japonicum applied in commercial inoculants on soybean seed yield in Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hume ◽  
D. H. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cubic Equation ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Commercial Inoculants

In the absence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum populations in the soil, yields of field-grown soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) usually respond to inoculation with B. japonicum. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between numbers of B. japonicum per seed in inoculants and soybean nodulation and yield. A total of six field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 on new soybean soils. In dilution trials, Grip inoculant was applied to provide approximately 106, 105, 104, and 103B. japonicum per seed at two locations in 1989. Nodule number and mass, as well as seed yield, increased curvilinearly upward with increasing log10 most probable numbers (MPNs) of B. japonicum. The yield response curve was best fit by a cubic equation, which accounted for 97% of the variation in yield. Seed yields increased 19% (1.83 to 2.13 Mg/ha) from 105 to 106B. japonicum per seed. In field experiments involving 8 commercial inoculants in 1989 and 10 in 1990, and conducted at two locations in each year, responses to increasing log MPNs in the inoculants also were concave upwards and cubic. In the two years, 78 and 46% of the yield variation was accounted for by log MPN per seed. Increasing MPN per seed from 105 to 106 improved yields in first-time fields by an average of 24%, indicating the present minimum standard of 105B. japonicum per seed should be increased. Key words: most probable numbers, response to inoculation, nodulation, Glycine max (L.) Merrill.

Cost-Efficient Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Cultivation and Banded Herbicide Applications

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 990-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Poston ◽  
Edward C. Murdock ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Seed Yields

Field studies were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to examine the interrelations of cultivation and herbicide band width in controlling pitted morningglory and sicklepod in soybean. Alachlor + imazaquin PRE followed by imazaquin + surfactant POST were not applied or were applied on bands 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 cm wide or were broadcast. Plots were cultivated zero, one, two, or three times. Without cultivation, at least a 60-cm wide band was needed to achieve maximum soybean seed yields. A slight linear increase in soybean seed yield in response to increasing band width was observed with one cultivation. With two cultivations, soybean seed yields were similar with and without herbicides, but a 15-cm wide herbicide band was needed to achieve maximum production with three cultivations. Greatest gross returns exclusive of weed management costs were realized with two or three cultivations and a 15-cm wide band.

Chlorsulfuron and Metsulfuron Residues on Double-Cropped Soybeans (Glycine max)

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Ritter ◽  
Thomas C. Harris ◽  
Lisa M. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seed Yields

In field experiments in 1981, 36 g ai/ha of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} applied to winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Arthur’) in early spring reduced seed yield in conventional and no-till plantings of double-cropped soybeans [Glycine max(L.) ‘Essex’]. From 1982 to 1984, three rates of chlorsulfuron (9, 18, and 36 g/ha) were applied at three different times (preemergence, early winter, and early spring) to study their residual effects on double-cropped soybeans. Chlorsulfuron at 36 g/ha applied preemergence or early spring reduced soybean seed yields when averaged over the 3-yr period. Metsulfuron {2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl] benzoic acid} was tested at three rates (4.5, 9, and 18 g/ha) applied at three times (same as chlorsulfuron) in field studies in 1983 and 1984. Metsulfuron did not injure subsequently planted no-till soybeans.

Recovery of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Ivyleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) Following Applications of Acifluorfen, Fomesafen, and Lactofen

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Higgins ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
Edward C. Murdock ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Seed Yields

Field experiments were conducted during 1985 and 1986 to determine the response of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Coker 156’], pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL. # IPOLA), and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. # IPOHE] to acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}, fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide}, and lactofen {(±)-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl-5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-dinitrobenzoate}. Acifluorfen and lactofen were more phytotoxic to soybean 15 days after treatment (DAT) than fomesafen. All herbicides at low rates controlled 80% or more pitted morningglory. However, only the high rates (0.6 kg ai/ha) of acifluorfen and fomesafen controlled 80% or more ivyleaf morningglory 90 DAT. Full-season competition from untreated pitted morningglory reduced soybean seed yields 44 and 22% in 1985 and 1986, respectively, compared to 58 and 49% with untreated ivyleaf morningglory. Soybean seed yields were higher in plots receiving acifluorfen or fomesafen applications than lactofen applications.

Effectiveness of Metribuzin Applied Preemergence for Economical Control of Common Cocklebur in Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

The effectiveness of several preemergence and postemergence weed control systems for control of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was determined in field research over a 3-yr period. Sequential applications of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] at 1.1 kg/ha applied preemergence, and dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) at 1.7 kg/ha, 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] at 0.2 kg/ha, or bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide] at 1.1 kg/ha applied postemergence, provided at least 90% control of common cocklebur and increased soybean yields. Use of single herbicide applications was less effective than sequential applications, but metribuzin applied preemergence was more effective in controlling common cocklebur and increasing soybean yields than single applications of any herbicide applied postemergence. Effective control of common cocklebur with sequential herbicide treatments increased soybean seed grades by reducing discounts caused by several grade lowering components including moisture content and foreign material in harvested seed. Use of all herbicide practices increased returns above specified costs, but greatest returns followed use of sequential treatments.

Effect of 2,4-DB on Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Barker ◽  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
Robert P. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Seed Yields

Field and greenhouse studies conducted in North Carolina in 1981 and 1982 evaluated the effect of the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid] on soybeans. In the field, 2,4-DB at and above 0.07 kg ae/ha reduced soybean shoot mass, leaf nitrogen levels, and nodule activity. Soybean seed yields were reduced by 2,4-DB at and above 0.07 kg/ha. In greenhouse studies, total nodule activity was reduced by 0.07 and 0.14 kg/ha of 2,4-DB. Soybeans treated with 2,4-DB at initiation of flowering (R1 stage) or when pods were 1.9 cm long (R4 stage) yielded progeny with visible injury symptoms. Seedling emergence was also reduced in progeny of soybeans.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF COWPEA CULTIVARS TO RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI IN FIELD TESTS.

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 876c-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Thies ◽  
P. A. Berland ◽  
R. L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
General Standard

Rhizoctonia solani is an important pathogen of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in the southern U.S. and worldwide. Cowpeas are especially susceptible to seedling diseases caused by R. solani when planted in cold, moist, spring soils. Nine cowpea cultivars were evaluated in inoculated field tests at six planting dates in Charleston, S.C., during 2004. The cowpea cultivars evaluated were Bettergro Blackeye, Knuckle Purple Hull, Mississippi Silver, Colossus-80, Charleston Nemagreen, Texas Cream-40, White Acre, Coronet, and Charleston Greenpack. The tests were planted on 20 Apr., 29 Apr., 11 May, 19 May, 27 May, and 8 June. The experimental design for each test was a split-plot with six replicates. Whole plots were cultivars, and sub-plots were inoculation with R. solani and an uninoculated control. Rhizoctonia solani caused significant seedling losses in all cultivars evaluated during mid-April to early June and seed yields were reduced in the 11 May planting. In general, standard cowpea cultivars (Mississippi Silver, Colossus-80, and Coronet) had higher stand counts and produced heavier seed yields than other cowpea cultivars, although these standard cultivars were not resistant to R. solani. Resistant cowpea cultivars are needed to allow earlier planting of the crop in cold soils, which would extend the growing season and allow more efficient use of harvesting equipment and processing facilities.

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