scholarly journals An outbreak of echovirus 11 in a children's home

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. SOMEKH ◽  
T. SHOHAT ◽  
R. HANDSHER ◽  
F. SEROUR
Keyword(s):  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Children's Home ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Children’S Homes

An outbreak of echovirus 11 infection was observed in a children's home that housed 16 children. Nine children younger than 1 year shared a large room on the first floor, which contained a large basin. Three of them presented with aseptic meningitis with CSF and stool samples positive for echovirus 11. The other six infants who shared the room were asymptomatic but their stools were positive for echovirus 11. Seven infants aged 1–2 years stayed on the second floor and were asymptomatic. One of them had positive stool culture for echovirus 11. No virus was isolated from stool samples taken from the 26 staff members. However, serology was suggestive for recent echovirus 11 infection in seven asymptomatic staff members. All seven worked either exclusively on the first floor or alternately on both floors. Our survey demonstrated that echovirus 11 may spread very efficiently in children's homes. The rate of meningitis in the infected infants was 30% while all the recently infected adults were asymptomatic.

scholarly journals Characterization of rotavirus P genotypes circulating among paediatric inpatients in Northern Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana D’Arc P. MASCARENHAS ◽  
Rosa Helena P. GUSMÃO ◽  
Célia R. M. BARARDI ◽  
Fernanda L. PAIVA ◽  
Cláudia O. SIMÕES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gene 4 ◽  
Type Infection

Between November 1992 and August 1993, twenty-eight rotavirus-positive stool samples obtained from paediatric inpatients in Belém, Brazil, aged less than four years, were tested by RT-PCR to determine the P genotype specificities. With the exception of 7 non-diarrhoeic children, all patients were either diarrhoeic at admission or developed diarrhoea while in hospital. Rotavirus strains with the gene 4 alleles corresponding to P1B[4] and P1A[8] types (both of which bearing G2 specificity) predominated, accounting for 78.6% of the strains. While only one P2A[6] type strain - with (mixed) G1 and 4 type specificities - was detected, the gene 4 allele could not be identified in 4 (14.3%) of the strains. Most (81%) of the specimens were obtained from children during their first 18 months of life. Rotavirus strains bearing single P1B[4] type-specificity were identified in both diarrhoeic (either nosocomial, 28.6% or community-acquired diarrhoea, 28.6%) and non-diarrhoeic (42.8%) children. P1A[8] gene 4 allele, on the other hand, was detected only among diarrhoeic children, at rates of 57.1% and 42.9% for nosocomial- and- community acquired diarrhoea, respectively. Mixed P1A[8],1B[4] type infection was identified in only one case of community-acquired diarrhoea.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI TELUR CACING NEMATODA USUS SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH (STH) PADA MASYARAKAT DI PULAU LAE-LAE KOTA MAKASSAR

Lontara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Anita Anita Anita ◽  
Tuty Widyanti ◽  
Effendy Rasiyanto ◽  
Budiawan S.HI. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Observation ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Positive Stool Sample ◽  
Nematode Worm

        ABSTRACT   Communities on Lae-Lae Island, Makassar City have sanitation facilities that are still poor and very limited with quality far from health standards. This causes people who live in these islands to face various health problems, one of which is the risk of being infected with eggs of intestinal nematode worms Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH). This study aims to identify the eggs of the intestinal nematode worm Soil Transmitted Helminthes in the feces of people on Lae-Lae Island, Makassar City. This type of research is a laboratory observation with a purposive sampling technique of 10 stool samples. Based on the results of research that has been carried out on 10 faecal samples, it was found 1 positive stool sample for Trichuris trichura worm eggs with distinctive egg-shaped characteristics such as the shape of crock worm eggs or wine barrels and at both ends there are two mucoid plugs. The egg wall is brown from the color of the bile at both ends, it is clear, while the other 9 stool samples are negative the type of worm Trichuris trichura and 9 other samples were negative.    

Fecal screening of Dientamoeba fragilis: relative efficacy of permanent smear and culture

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha M Abou-Gamra ◽  
Rania A Tawfik ◽  
Sara F Alkady
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Fresh Stool ◽  
Medium Culture

Abstract Dientamoeba fragilis (D. fragilis) is an enteric trichmonad protozoan parasite that remains obscure and neglected. The aim of this study is to detect D. fragilis as a neglected pathogen in children aged 6-12 years old complaining of gastrointestinal illness by stool culture and light microscopy with comparison between the results of both techniques. A total of 100 fresh stool samples were included in this current study. All specimens were subjected to microscopic examination using iron- hematoxylin stained stool smears and stool culture using a Loeffler’s culture medium. Culture detected 2 positive stool samples (2%) while microscopy detected (1%). Sensitivities of culture and microscopy were 100% and 50% respectively. Specificity of culture and microscopy were 100% and 95% respectively. There is a moderate agreement between culture and microscopy (K = 0.4). In conclusion, culture had a high performance compared to microscopy in the diagnosis of D. fragilis infection. Culture can be applied for routine diagnosis for the detection of D. fragilis in clinical samples.

Does Performing Other Audit Tasks Affect Going-Concern Judgments?

1999 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Rau ◽  
Donald V. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Going Concern ◽  
Staff Members

This study examines whether personally performing other audit tasks can bias supervising seniors' going-concern judgments. During an audit, the senior performs some audit tasks him/herself and delegates other tasks to staff members. When personally performing an audit task, the senior would focus on the evidence related to that task. We predict that such evidence will have greater influence on the senior's subsequent going-concern judgment. The results of our experiment are consistent with our predictions. When provided with an identical set of information, seniors who performed another audit task for which the underlying facts of the case reflected positively (negatively) on the company's viability, subsequently made going-concern judgments that were relatively more positive (negative). Our results also demonstrate that the well-documented tendency of auditors to attend more to negative information does not always dominate auditors' information processing. Subjects who performed the task for which the underlying facts reflected positively on the company's viability directed their attention to such positive information and, consequently, both their memory and judgments were more positive than those of subjects in the other conditions. Recent findings indicating that biases in seniors' going-concern judgments may not be fully offset in the review process are discussed along with other potential implications of our results.

Prevalence, seasonality and severity of disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhoea in Bolivia

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1697-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Gonzales ◽  
Enrique Joffre ◽  
Rosario Rivera ◽  
Åsa Sjöling ◽  
Ann-Mari Svennerholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Diarrhoea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stool Samples

The prevalence of infection caused by different categories of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) strains, including enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli, in children who suffered from diarrhoea (n = 3943) or did not have diarrhoea (n = 1026) were analysed in two areas in Bolivia over a period of 4 years. We also analysed the seasonality of DEC infections and severity of diarrhoea in children with DEC infection and compared antibiotic resistance in DEC strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea. Stool samples were analysed for the presence of DEC by culturing followed by PCR. The most prevalent DEC categories in samples from the children were: EAEC (11.2 %); ETEC (6.6 %); EPEC (5.8 %); and EIEC and EHEC (<1 %). DEC strains were isolated significantly more often from diarrhoea cases (21.6 %) than from controls (17.6 %; P = 0.002). The number of children with diarrhoea associated with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC infections peaked in the Bolivian winter (April–September), although the proportion of DEC-positive stool samples was higher during the warm rainy season (October–March). High levels of antibiotic resistance were detected among the DEC strains. In particular, resistance to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim was significantly higher in strains isolated from individuals with diarrhoea than in samples from controls. The severity of disease in children infected with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC varied from mild to severe diarrhoea, although disease severity did not differ significantly between the different DEC categories. ETEC, EPEC and EAEC are commonly found in Bolivia and may cause severe disease in children.

De sociale verkiezingen van 1991

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
Guy Tegenbos
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
The Other ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Executive Staff ◽  
Important Shift

The four-yearly social elections in Belgium took place for the tenth time in june 1991.The results show a renewed victory for the christian trade union ACV; all the other unions and lists lost. The socialist union ABW, which was once the most powerful in Belgium, felt the decline most strongly. It could maintain a narrow relative majority in votes in Wallonia but was outnumbered in seats by the ACV.For many years Wallonia was considered to be a "red bastion".  Another important shift was that the three "general" unions together gained the majority of votes of the executive staff members, at the expense of their "specific" lists : those of organizations and groups representing only members of the executive staffs.These elections showed a further decline in attendance, in spite of all the propaganda made by the Ministry of Labour, urging the employees to take part in the elections.

scholarly journals Genotype-specific detection of Giardia lamblia in stool samples of diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Masud Alam ◽  
Mohammad Ilias ◽  
Md Abdullah Siddique ◽  
Md Mamun Kabir ◽  
Farida Nazib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Giardia Cyst ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Assemblage B

Two major genotypic assemblages (A and B) of Giardia lamblia infect humans. A single-vessel multiplex real-time PCR assay was used that genotypes Giardia infections into assemblages A and/or B directly from fecal samples. In this study, 157 diarrhoeal (symptomatic) and non-diarrhoeal (asymptomatic) stool samples collected from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) hospital, respectively were analyzed to determine whether an association exists between infections with G. lamblia assemblages A or B and diarrhea in Bangladesh. Of the 157 stool samples, Giardia cysts were observed in 35 by microscopy and 127 showed positive result for Giardia cyst specific antigen. The 127 ELISA positive samples were assayed for genotyping by real?time polymerase chain reaction. Of the 117 real-time PCR positive stool samples, 15 were positive for G. lamblia assemblage A, 96 were positive for assemblage B and 6 samples showed positive result for both G. lamblia assemblage A and B infections. Higher ratios for diarrhea were observed for assemblage A infections, whereas higher parasite DNA loads and a higher overall rate were observed for assemblage B infections in both diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal patients. Real-time PCR is, therefore, useful as an additional test supplementary to microscopy or enzyme immunoassay to detect genotypes of Giardia. Key words: Giardia lamblia; Genotypes; Multiplex real-time PCR; Immunoassay DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8979 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 183-189

Relational process in a learning group

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
Richard M Billow
Keyword(s):  
Group Process ◽  
Relational Theory ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Educational Group ◽  
Relational Process

I describe my efforts as an invited presenter to connect an ongoing educational group conducted over the Internet. To illuminate relational theory and technique, I had to forget about being an ‘expert’, and help the other participants to forget about their respective roles as students and staff members. Three frames of psychotherapy came into play that spurred group process: CBT, interpersonal-group-analytic, and relational. More important still were the play of personalities and the particular characteristics of the electronic setting, which included sudden blank spaces and frozen and speechless visuals on our screens. In an hour and a half we were able to strike the chords of human existence. Relational matrices prevail, no matter human or Internet provider.

scholarly journals Suspected spread of hepatitis A virus from a restaurant among adults in rural area of the Kerala state, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Gurav ◽  
G. Retheesh Babu ◽  
K. P. Vinu ◽  
K. S. Lole
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
First Case ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Kerala State

AbstractIndia is experiencing a substantial decrease in early childhood exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV). Kerala has experienced several hepatitis A outbreaks in young adults/adults in the recent past. The current hepatitis outbreak occurred in Nellikuzhi, Kerala state, India in December 2016. Investigation was carried by preparing a line list of suspected hepatitis cases. The blood and stool samples collected from patients were tested for anti-HAV/anti-Hepatitis E virus (HEV) immunoglobulin (IgM) antibodies and RNA respectively. A total of 562 suspected hepatitis cases were reported during the outbreak. Along with the first case (35 years, male), 86.1% (484/562) of the cases gave history of consuming food/water/cold drinks from one restaurant. Anti-HAV IgM positivity was 74.5% (73/98) in tested samples and amongst the positives, 81% were adults/young adults and adolescents. None of the samples tested positive for anti-HEV IgM. There were three HAV associated deaths without any co-morbidity. Sequence analysis of HAV RNA positive stool samples showed the presence of genotype IIIA HAV. The suspected source of the infection was a private well situated in the premise of a restaurant. Considering increasing HAV naive population in Kerala, there is a need to introduce hepatitis A vaccine in high-risk age groups.

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