scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI TELUR CACING NEMATODA USUS SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH (STH) PADA MASYARAKAT DI PULAU LAE-LAE KOTA MAKASSAR

Lontara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Anita Anita Anita ◽  
Tuty Widyanti ◽  
Effendy Rasiyanto ◽  
Budiawan S.HI. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Observation ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Positive Stool Sample ◽  
Nematode Worm

        ABSTRACT   Communities on Lae-Lae Island, Makassar City have sanitation facilities that are still poor and very limited with quality far from health standards. This causes people who live in these islands to face various health problems, one of which is the risk of being infected with eggs of intestinal nematode worms Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH). This study aims to identify the eggs of the intestinal nematode worm Soil Transmitted Helminthes in the feces of people on Lae-Lae Island, Makassar City. This type of research is a laboratory observation with a purposive sampling technique of 10 stool samples. Based on the results of research that has been carried out on 10 faecal samples, it was found 1 positive stool sample for Trichuris trichura worm eggs with distinctive egg-shaped characteristics such as the shape of crock worm eggs or wine barrels and at both ends there are two mucoid plugs. The egg wall is brown from the color of the bile at both ends, it is clear, while the other 9 stool samples are negative the type of worm Trichuris trichura and 9 other samples were negative.    

Use of a Perianal Swab Compared With a Stool Sample to Detect Symptomatic Clostridium difficile Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (06) ◽  
pp. 658-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa A. Montecalvo ◽  
Emnet Sisay ◽  
Donna McKenna ◽  
Guiqing Wang ◽  
Paul Visintainer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Skin Colonization ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Stool Sample

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of a perianal swab to detect CDI. METHODS A perianal swab was collected from each inpatient with a positive stool sample for C. difficile (by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] test) and was tested for C. difficile by PCR and by culture. The variables evaluated included demographics, CDI severity, bathing before perianal swab collection, hours between stool sample and perianal swab, cycle threshold (Ct) to PCR positivity, and doses of CDI treatment before stool sample and before perianal swab. RESULTS Of 83 perianal swabs, 59 (71.1%) tested positive for C. difficile by PCR when perianal swabs were collected an average of 21 hours after the stool sample. Compared with the respective stool sample, the perianal sample was less likely to grow C. difficile (P=.005) and had a higher PCR Ct (P<.001). A direct, significant but weak correlation was detected between the Ct for a positive perianal sample and the respective stool sample (r=0.36; P=.006). An inverse dose relationship was detected between PCR positivity and CDI treatment doses before perianal swab collection (P=.27). CONCLUSION Perianal swabs are a simple method to detect C. difficile tcdB gene by PCR, with a sensitivity of 71%. These data were limited because stool samples and perianal swabs were not collected simultaneously. Compared with stool samples, the perianal Ct values and culture results were consistent with a lower bacterial load on the perianal sample due to the receipt of more CDI treatment before collection or unknown factors affecting perianal skin colonization. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:658–662

scholarly journals Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths using the Kato-Katz technique: What is the influence of stirring, storage time and storage temperature on stool sample egg counts?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0009032
Author(s):  
Felix Bosch ◽  
Marta S. Palmeirim ◽  
Said M. Ali ◽  
Shaali M. Ame ◽  
Jan Hattendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Slide Preparation ◽  
Stool Samples

Background Soil-transmitted helminths infect about one fifth of the world’s population and have a negative impact on health. The Kato-Katz technique is the recommended method to detect soil-transmitted helminth eggs in stool samples, particularly in programmatic settings. However, some questions in its procedure remain. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of storage time, storage temperature and stirring of stool samples on fecal egg counts (FECs). Methodology/Principal findings In the framework of a clinical trial on Pemba Island, United Republic of Tanzania, 488 stool samples were collected from schoolchildren. These samples were evaluated in three experiments. In the first experiment (n = 92), two Kato-Katz slides were prepared from the same stool sample, one was stored at room temperature, the other in a refrigerator for 50 hours, and each slide was analyzed at nine time points (20, 50, 80, 110, 140 minutes, 18, 26, 42 and 50 hours). In the second experiment (n = 340), whole stool samples were split into two, one part was stored at room temperature, and the other part was put in a refrigerator for 48 hours. From each part one Kato-Katz slide was prepared and analyzed at three time points over two days (0, 24 and 48 hours). In the third experiment (n = 56), whole stool samples where stirred for 15 seconds six times and at each time point a Kato-Katz slide was prepared and analyzed. Mean hookworm FECs of Kato-Katz slides stored at room temperature steadily decreased following slide preparation. After two hours, mean hookworm FECs decreased from 22 to 16, whereas no reduction was observed if Kato-Katz slides were stored in the refrigerator (19 vs 21). The time x storage interaction effect was statistically significant (coefficient 0.26, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.35, p < 0.0001). After 24 hours mean hookworm FECs dropped close to zero, irrespective of the storage condition. Whole stool samples stored at room temperature for one day resulted in a mean hookworm FEC decrease of 23% (p < 0.0001), compared to a 13% reduction (p < 0.0001) if samples were stored in the refrigerator. Fecal egg counts of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura remained stable over time regardless of storage temperature of whole stool samples. Finally, we found a significant reduction of the variation of hookworm and T. trichiura eggs with increasing rounds of stirring the sample, but not for A. lumbricoides. For hookworm we observed a simultaneous decrease in mean FECs, making it difficult to draw recommendations on stirring samples. Conclusions/Significance Our findings suggest that stool samples (i) should be analyzed on the day of collection and (ii) should be analyzed between 20–30 minutes after slide preparation; if that is not possible, Kato-Katz slides can be stored in a refrigerator for a maximum of 110 minutes.

scholarly journals Identification of Worm Types that Infest Bali Cattle in Bolo District

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuntum Khoirani ◽  
HY Lukman ◽  
Nikmaturrayan Nikmaturayan ◽  
Hosin Hosin
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Nematode Worm

Bali cattle are the primary genetic resources of Indonesia. Besides beef cattle are used as breeds, they are also distributed to all regions in Indonesia. One of the requirements for good quality of beef cattle is to be free from parasitic diseases. Bima Regency is one of the areas of Bali cattle population centers in West Nusa Tenggara, but the Bali cattle maintenance system in Bima Regency is generally still extensive, certainly increasing the potential for diseases. The disease can cause economic losses, disrupt the health of livestock and the health of people who consume meat derived from parasitic-infected animals. This study used 50 stool samples of Bali cattle aged 5 to 12 months taken randomly. The sedimentation and flotation method was used to identify nematode worm eggs. The parameters observed were gastrointestinal parasitic morphology, and then the data were analyzed descriptively. It was found two types of parasites that infected bali cattle in Bolo Sub-district, Ascaris spp, and Trichuris sp. As caris spp infected as many as 72% of 50 bali cattle faecal samples, 72% were infected by Trichuris sp., and mixture of Ascaris spp and Trichuris spp infected 54 % of the sampled cattle. The improvement of cage management and cattle maintenance system are necessary to implement. Those are by taking into high-quality nutrition feeding, regular anthelminthic treatment, and avoiding the feeding of green forage to avoid worm infection and re-infection. 

scholarly journals Characterization of rotavirus P genotypes circulating among paediatric inpatients in Northern Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana D’Arc P. MASCARENHAS ◽  
Rosa Helena P. GUSMÃO ◽  
Célia R. M. BARARDI ◽  
Fernanda L. PAIVA ◽  
Cláudia O. SIMÕES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gene 4 ◽  
Type Infection

Between November 1992 and August 1993, twenty-eight rotavirus-positive stool samples obtained from paediatric inpatients in Belém, Brazil, aged less than four years, were tested by RT-PCR to determine the P genotype specificities. With the exception of 7 non-diarrhoeic children, all patients were either diarrhoeic at admission or developed diarrhoea while in hospital. Rotavirus strains with the gene 4 alleles corresponding to P1B[4] and P1A[8] types (both of which bearing G2 specificity) predominated, accounting for 78.6% of the strains. While only one P2A[6] type strain - with (mixed) G1 and 4 type specificities - was detected, the gene 4 allele could not be identified in 4 (14.3%) of the strains. Most (81%) of the specimens were obtained from children during their first 18 months of life. Rotavirus strains bearing single P1B[4] type-specificity were identified in both diarrhoeic (either nosocomial, 28.6% or community-acquired diarrhoea, 28.6%) and non-diarrhoeic (42.8%) children. P1A[8] gene 4 allele, on the other hand, was detected only among diarrhoeic children, at rates of 57.1% and 42.9% for nosocomial- and- community acquired diarrhoea, respectively. Mixed P1A[8],1B[4] type infection was identified in only one case of community-acquired diarrhoea.

scholarly journals An outbreak of echovirus 11 in a children's home

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. SOMEKH ◽  
T. SHOHAT ◽  
R. HANDSHER ◽  
F. SEROUR
Keyword(s):  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Children's Home ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Children’S Homes

An outbreak of echovirus 11 infection was observed in a children's home that housed 16 children. Nine children younger than 1 year shared a large room on the first floor, which contained a large basin. Three of them presented with aseptic meningitis with CSF and stool samples positive for echovirus 11. The other six infants who shared the room were asymptomatic but their stools were positive for echovirus 11. Seven infants aged 1–2 years stayed on the second floor and were asymptomatic. One of them had positive stool culture for echovirus 11. No virus was isolated from stool samples taken from the 26 staff members. However, serology was suggestive for recent echovirus 11 infection in seven asymptomatic staff members. All seven worked either exclusively on the first floor or alternately on both floors. Our survey demonstrated that echovirus 11 may spread very efficiently in children's homes. The rate of meningitis in the infected infants was 30% while all the recently infected adults were asymptomatic.

scholarly journals Investigation of Bufavirus and Parvovirus 4 in Patients with Gastro-Enteritis from the South-East of France

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Francis Simo-Fouda ◽  
Laurence Thirion ◽  
Antoine Nougairède ◽  
Léa Luciani ◽  
Jean-Sélim Driouich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Available N ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Positive Stool Sample

Bufavirus (BuV) and human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) belong to the Parvoviridae family. We assessed BuV and PARV4 DNA presence by real-time PCR analysis in stool, blood and respiratory samples collected in patients from Marseille and Nice, two large cities in the South-East of France. Bu-V DNA was detected in diarrheic stool samples from 92 patients (3.6% of 2583 patients), particularly men and adults, and patients from the nephrology and the infectious disease departments. Among the patients with a BuV-positive stool sample and for whom at least one blood sample was available (n = 30 patients), BuV DNA was detected also in 3 blood samples. In contrast, BuV DNA was not detected in any of the respiratory samples from 23 patients with BuV-positive stool. BuV detection rate was comparable in stool samples from patients with and without diarrhea. We did not detect PARV4 DNA in any of the stool specimens (n = 2583 patients). Our results suggest that PARV4 fecal–oral transmission is rare or non-existent in the South-East of France while BuV circulates with a relatively high rate in this area.

Intrafamilial Transmission of Parechovirus A and Enteroviruses in Neonates and Young Infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Izumita ◽  
Kazuki Deuchi ◽  
Yuta Aizawa ◽  
Rie Habuka ◽  
Kanako Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Patient ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Stool Sample ◽  
Viral Diagnosis ◽  
Neonates And Infants

Abstract Background Parechovirus A (PeV-A) is an important cause of sepsis and meningoencephalitis in neonates and young infants. Thus, identifying the source of PeV-A is essential for prevention; however, little is known regarding the spread of PeV-A among family members of PeV-A–infected neonates and young infants. Methods In this prospective study, we evaluated stool samples from family members of PeV-A–infected neonates and infants younger than 4 months who presented with sepsis, meningoencephalitis, or both in Niigata, Japan, in 2016. Because of a simultaneous outbreak, enteroviruses (EVs) were also evaluated during this period. Real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by sequence analysis was used for viral diagnosis using serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid samples. Results Among 54 febrile patients, the stool samples of 14 (26%) and 12 (22%) patients tested positive for PeV-A and EV, respectively. Stool samples from 54 family members (38 adults and 16 children) of 12 PeV-A–infected patients were available. The rate of PeV-A positivity in these samples was higher among the children (88% [14 of 16]) than the adults (34% [13 of 38]). Among family members with a PeV-A–positive stool sample, 29% (4 of 14) of the children and 77% (10 of 13) of the adults were asymptomatic. Similarly, among 53 stool samples from family members (31 adults and 22 children) of 11 EV-infected patients, the rate of EV positivity in the stool samples was higher among the children (91% [20 of 22]) than among the adults (42% [13 of 31]). The asymptomatic-patient rates were 45% (9 of 20) among the children and 85% (11 of 13) among the adults in family members with EV-positive stool. Conclusions Similar to EVs, PeV-A was detected frequently in stool samples from family members of PeV-A–infected patients. Among family members with PeV-A–positive stool, adults were more likely than children to be asymptomatic and therefore could be an important source of PeV-A infection.

Rapid detection of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample of acute diarrheic children

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Sushmita Roy ◽  
S.M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
K.Z. Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stool Samples

Rotavirus is one of the leading causes of pediatric diarrhea globally. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus diarrhea should reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics and ultimately reduce drug resistance. Study was designed for rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample by ICT (Immunochromatographic test) as well as to observe the seasonal variation of rotavirus infection. This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College from January 2011 to December 2011. Eighty stool samples were collected from Dhaka Shishu Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital. All samples were tested for rotavirus antigen by ICT. Among 80 patients, 42 (52.5%) samples were positive for rotavirus antigen. Among these 42 positive samples, 30 (71.43%) were from 0-12 months of age group, 10 (23.81%) from 13 to 24 months of age group and rest 2 (4.76%) from 25 to 36 months of age group. Rotavirus Ag was detected in stool samples from January to April and another peak episode from October to December. Considering the importance of Rotavirus associated diarrhea, rapid detection of Rotavirus infection in human is substantially needed and should be routinely practiced.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i1.19354 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(01): 11-13

Human density, economic level and frequency of canine helminths in Buenos Aires

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rubel ◽  
N. Flaibani
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Human Density

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore through cross-sectional study the variation in the prevalence of parasitic helminths in canine faeces collected from green spaces of Buenos Aires according to the human density (HD) and economic level (EL) in the surroundings. HD and EL were considered as independent variables with three categories each. Twenty public squares (one hectare of surface) were randomly selected for each existing combination of the two independent variables. Ten random samples of fresh canine faeces were obtained in each square and analysed for helminths by the sedimentation and flotation techniques. The prevalence for each of the species was analysed using generalized linear models (GLM). The prevalence was modelled with a binomial error distribution and a logit link function. Helminth eggs were detected in 45 out of the 200 (22.5%) faecal samples collected and in 18 of the 20 green spaces sampled. The species observed were Ancylostoma caninum (13% of samples), Trichuris vulpis (8%) and Toxocara canis (4.5%). The GLM indicated that the prevalence of A. caninum in the slum areas (very high HD and very low EL) was higher than that in the other areas studied. However, the HD seemed to contribute more than the EL to the variations in the prevalence of A. caninum in faecal samples. The GLM showed no differences in the prevalence of the other parasite species for the different levels of the independent variables.

scholarly journals Strongyloides stercoralis Infestation in a Child: How a Nematode Can Affect Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2131
Author(s):  
Stefania Pane ◽  
Anna Sacco ◽  
Andrea Iorio ◽  
Lorenza Romani ◽  
Lorenza Putignani
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the intestinal nematode Strongyloides stercoralis and characterized by gastrointestinal and pulmonary involvement. We report a pediatric case of strongyloidiasis to underline the response of the host microbiota to the perturbation induced by the nematode. Methods: We performed a 16S rRNA-metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiota of a 7-year-old female during and after S. stercolaris infection, investigating three time-point of stool samples’ ecology: T0- during parasite infection, T1- a month after parasite infection, and T2- two months after parasite infection. Targeted-metagenomics were used to investigate ecology and to predict the functional pathways of the gut microbiota. Results: an increase in the alpha-diversity indices in T0-T1 samples was observed compared to T2 and healthy controls (CTRLs). Beta-diversity analysis showed a shift in the relative abundance of specific gut bacterial species from T0 to T2 samples. Moreover, the functional prediction of the targeted-metagenomics profiles suggested an enrichment of microbial glycan and carbohydrate metabolisms in the T0 sample compared with CTRLs. Conclusions: The herein report reinforces the literature suggestion of a putative direct or immune-mediated ability of S. stercolaris to promote the increase in bacterial diversity.

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