scholarly journals A statewide outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in New South Wales associated with swimming at public pools

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. PUECH ◽  
J. M. McANULTY ◽  
M. LESJAK ◽  
N. SHAW ◽  
L. HERON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Control Study

From December 1997 to April 1998, 1060 laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis cases were reported in New South Wales, Australia. In a case-control study, compared with 200 controls, the 100 cases were younger (mean age 4·2 versus 7·1 years; P < 0·0001), more likely to report swimming at a public pool (59% versus 38%; adjusted OR and 95% CI = 2·7; 1·4–5·1) and swimming in a dam, river or lake (OR = 4·8; 1·1–20·3) but less likely to report drinking bottled water (OR = 0·4; 0·2–0·9). In subgroup analyses, in rural areas illness was associated mainly with contact with another person with diarrhoea, and in urban areas illness was associated with swimming in a public pool. Cryptosporidium oocysts were more commonly detected in pools to which at least two notified cases had swum (P = 0·04). Outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis can be prolonged, involve multiple pools and be difficult to control.

Abstract 5482: Sun exposure and prostate cancer risk in New South Wales, Australia: A case control study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Visalini Nair-Shalliker ◽  
David P. Smith ◽  
Sam Egger ◽  
Ann Marie Hughes ◽  
Mark Clements ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Control Study

Authors' reply to: Sun exposure may increase risk of prostate cancer in the high UV environment of New South Wales, Australia: A case-control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (9) ◽  
pp. 2206-2207
Author(s):  
Visalini Nair-Shalliker ◽  
David P. Smith ◽  
Sam Egger ◽  
Ann-Maree Hughes ◽  
John M. Kaldor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Control Study

Sun exposure may increase risk of prostate cancer in the high UV environment of New South Wales, Australia: A case-control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. E726-E732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Visalini Nair-Shalliker ◽  
David P. Smith ◽  
Sam Egger ◽  
Ann Maree Hughes ◽  
John M. Kaldor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Determinants of soil-transmitted helminth infections among pre-school-aged children in Gamo Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia: A case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243836
Author(s):  
Mekuria Asnakew Asfaw ◽  
Teklu Wegayehu ◽  
Tigist Gezmu ◽  
Alemayehu Bekele ◽  
Zeleke Hailemariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Gamo Gofa ◽  
Control Study

Background Pre-school aged children (PSAC) are highly affected by soil-transmitted helminths (STH), particularly in areas where water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are inadequate. Context-specific evidence on determinants of STH infections in PSAC has not been well established in the study area. This study, therefore, aimed to fill these gaps in Gamo Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based unmatched case-control study, nested in a cross-sectional survey, was conducted in January 2019. Cases and controls were identified based on any STH infection status using the Kato-Katz technique in stool sample examination. Data on social, demographic, economic, behavioral, and WASH related variables were collected from primary caregivers of children using pre-tested questionnaire. Determinants of STH infections were identified using multivariable logistic regression model using SPSS version 25. Results A total of 1206 PSAC (402 cases and 804 controls) participated in this study. Our study showed that the odds of STH infection were lowest among PSAC living in urban areas (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39–0.79), among those from households with safe water source (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47–0.0.93), and in those PSAC from households with shorter distance from water source (<30 minutes) (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39–0.67). On the other hand, the odds of STH infection were highest among PSAC from households that had no functional hand washing facility (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.04–1.77), in those PSAC from households that had unclean latrine (AOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.19–2.78), and among those PSAC under caregivers who had lower score (≤5) on knowledge related to STH transmission (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.13–3.01). Conclusions Given efforts required eliminating STH by 2030; the existing preventive chemotherapy intervention should be substantially strengthened with WASH and behavioral interventions. Thus, an urgent call for action is required to integrate context-specific interventions, particularly in rural areas.

scholarly journals Risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren who participated in a case-control study in urban Uganda

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Mpairwe ◽  
Milly Namutebi ◽  
Gyaviira Nkurunungi ◽  
Pius Tumwesige ◽  
Irene Nambuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Rural Town ◽  
Asthma Risk ◽  
Control Study

Data on asthma aetiology in Africa are scarce. We investigated the risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren (5–17 years) in urban Uganda. We conducted a case-control study, among 555 cases and 1115 controls. Asthma was diagnosed by study clinicians. The main risk factors for asthma were tertiary education for fathers (adjusted OR (95% CI); 2.32 (1.71–3.16)) and mothers (1.85 (1.38–2.48)); area of residence at birth, with children born in a small town or in the city having an increased asthma risk compared to schoolchildren born in rural areas (2.16 (1.60–2.92)) and (2.79 (1.79–4.35)), respectively; father’s and mother’s history of asthma; children’s own allergic conditions; atopy; and cooking on gas/electricity. In conclusion, asthma was associated with a strong rural-town-city risk gradient, higher parental socio-economic status and urbanicity. This work provides the basis for future studies to identify specific environmental/lifestyle factors responsible for increasing asthma risk among children in urban areas in LMICs.

scholarly journals A Salmonella Typhimurium 197 outbreak linked to the consumption of lambs' liver in Sydney, NSW

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. R. HESS ◽  
L. M. NEVILLE ◽  
R. McCARTHY ◽  
C. T. SHADBOLT ◽  
J. M. McANULTY
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
New South ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYWe identified an increase in the number of cases of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 197 in New South Wales in February 2005. Cases were predominantly of Lebanese descent. To identify risk factors for illness, we conducted an unmatched case-control study including 12 cases and 21 controls. Eight of 12 cases (67%) and no controls reported eating lambs' liver (OR incalculable, P<0·05), and seven of nine cases (78%) and one of 21 controls (5%) reported eating fresh fish (OR 70·0, P<0·05). Among participants who did not eat liver, there was a strong association between eating fish and illness (OR 60·0, P<0·05). The fish was from divergent sources. Five cases had bought the liver from two different butcher's shops, which obtained the lambs' liver from a single abattoir. Consumption of liver is a risk for salmonellosis. Traditional dishes may place some ethnic groups at increased risk of foodborne disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document