Kinetics of the IgG antibody response to pertussis toxin after infection with B. pertussis

We aimed to provide a quantitative description of decay in pertussis antibody levels to aid in finding a serological estimate of the incidence of pertussis. The serum IgG response against pertussis toxin was studied in a group of clinically diagnosed patients. Individual records consisted of repeated serum IgG measurements at irregular intervals for up to 10 years post diagnosis. These data were analysed with a nonlinear regression model taking into account censoring at upper and lower threshold levels, measurement errors, and individual variation in the shape and magnitude of the immune response. There was considerable variation between individual responses, both in strength (amplitude) and duration (shape). The inverse model relating IgG levels to time from infection (diagnosis) can be applied to cross-sectional IgG data to generate distributions of times from infection, which may be used to calculate infection rates and their variation, in populations sampled for cross-sectional IgG data.

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Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and potential influential factors in subjects with COVID-19: A 11-month follow-up study

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115537 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 115537

Author(s):

Huanyuan Luo ◽

Dorothée Camilleri ◽

Ibon Garitaonandia ◽

Dilshat Djumanov ◽

Tao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influential Factors ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Kinetics Of

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Bordetella Pertussis Antibody Levels in DPT/Pentavalent Immunized Preschool Nigerian Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1693484 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

pp. 011-015

Author(s):

Glory Ekpo Bassey ◽

Emmanuel Eyo Ekanem ◽

Henry Chima Okpara ◽

Komomo Ibor Eyong

Keyword(s):

Pertussis Toxin ◽

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Booster Vaccination ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Age Group ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nigerian Children ◽

Antibody Levels

AbstractPertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease and antibodies formed are known to decline with time. The aim of this study was to measure Bordetella pertussis/toxin immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in different age groups of Nigerian children and determine the age at which booster dose may be required. A total of 422 children, aged 6 to 60 months, were tested for the presence of B. pertussis/toxin IgG antibodies by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay). The highest positivity rate was in the 6 to 11 months of age group, while the highest negativity rate was in the age group of 24 to 35 months. We conclude that B. Pertussis/toxin IgG antibodies response is weak in Nigerian children after three doses of DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus)/pentavalent vaccination, and there is a rapid decline of antibody levels between 12 and 35 months. We recommend that booster vaccination should be given at 12 to 15 months of age.

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A Cross-sectional Serological Study for Measles among Italian Medical Students in 2020

The Open Public Health Journal ◽

10.2174/1874944502013010692 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 692-695

Author(s):

Trabucco Aurilio Marco ◽

I Iannuzzi ◽

L Di Giampaolo ◽

A Pietroiusti ◽

C Ferrari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Antibody Titre ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Health Concern ◽

Age Group ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Workers ◽

Protective Antibodies ◽

Antibody Levels

Background: Measles is an infectious disease and a major health concern worldwide. Among individuals with a higher risk of exposure to measles, there are the Health Care Workers (HCWs), who may transmit the virus to other people. According to the Italian National Plan for Immunization and Prevention, all HCWs should have presumptive evidence of immunity to measles (documented two doses of MMR vaccination) or serological evidence of protective antibodies. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the immunological status, the vaccine coverage, and the protective IgG antibody titre for measles in medical students of the teaching hospital PoliclinicoTor Vergata (PTV). Methods: IgG measles antibodies titre was evaluated in a sample of 461 medical students undergoing annual health surveillance visits from January 1st to May 31th, 2020. Results: 73.7% of medical students showed protective measles IgG antibody levels. The immunization rate was higher among subjects aged less than 25 years with respect to students aged over 25 years (77.4% vs. 66.4%; P <0,001). Furthermore, average antibody titre showed a statistically significant association with the age group (124,2 AU/ml for the age group 18-25 and 133,2 AU/ml among subjects aged 25 or more; P<0.001). Conclusion: Our study shows a non-protective measles IgG antibody titre, especially among the older students. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the serological levels, to vaccinate those subjects whose antibody level is not adequate, and promote the vaccination even in the general population.

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Serum IgG Antibody Responses to Pertussis Toxin and Filamentous Hemagglutinin in Nonvaccinated and Vaccinated Children and Adults with Pertussis

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/515172 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 552-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Birger Trollfors ◽

John Taranger ◽

Teresa Lagergård ◽

Valter Sundh ◽

Dolores A. Bryla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pertussis Toxin ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Serum Igg ◽

Filamentous Hemagglutinin

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Distinct Microbial Signatures between Periodontal Profile Classes

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345211009767 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002203452110097

Author(s):

J.T. Marchesan ◽

K. Moss ◽

T. Morelli ◽

F.R. Teles ◽

K. Divaris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African Americans ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Latent Class ◽

Linear Models ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Serum Igg ◽

Antibody Levels

Precise classification of periodontal disease has been the objective of concerted efforts and has led to the introduction of new consensus-based and data-driven classifications. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbiological signatures of a latent class analysis (LCA)–derived periodontal stratification system, the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) taxonomy. We used demographic, microbial (subgingival biofilm composition), and immunological data (serum IgG antibody levels, obtained with checkerboard immunoblotting technique) for 1,450 adult participants of the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, with already generated PPC classifications. Analyses relied on t tests and generalized linear models with Bonferroni correction. Men and African Americans had higher systemic antibody levels against most microorganisms compared to women and Caucasians ( P < 0.05). Healthy individuals (PPC-I) had low levels of biofilm bacteria and serum IgG levels against most periodontal pathogens ( P < 0.05). Subjects with mild to moderate disease (PPC-II to PPC-III) showed mild/moderate colonization of multiple biofilm pathogens. Individuals with severe disease (PPC-IV) had moderate/high levels of biofilm pathogens and antibody levels for orange/red complexes. High gingival index individuals (PPC-V) showed moderate/high levels of biofilm Campylobacter rectus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Biofilm composition in individuals with reduced periodontium (PPC-VI) was similar to health but showed moderate to high antibody responses. Those with severe tooth loss (PPC-VII) had significantly high levels of multiple biofilm pathogens, while the systemic antibody response to these microorganisms was comparable to health. The results support a biologic basis for elevated risk for periodontal disease in men and African Americans. Periodontally healthy individuals showed a low biofilm pathogen and low systemic antibody burden. In the presence of PPC disease, a microbial-host imbalance characterized by higher microbial biofilm colonization and/or systemic IgG responses was identified. These results support the notion that subgroups identified by the PPC system present distinct microbial profiles and may be useful in designing future precise biological treatment interventions.

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Large-Scale Study of Antibody Titer Decay following BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines10010064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Ariel Israel ◽

Yotam Shenhar ◽

Ilan Green ◽

Eugene Merzon ◽

Avivit Golan-Cohen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Immune Protection ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Exponential Decrease ◽

Previous Infection ◽

History Of ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Kinetics Of

Immune protection following either vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2 is thought to decrease over time. We designed a retrospective study, conducted at Leumit Health Services in Israel, to determine the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies following administration of two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, or SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals. Antibody titers were measured between 31 January 2021, and 31 July 2021 in two mutually exclusive groups: (i) vaccinated individuals who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine and had no history of previous infection with COVID-19 and (ii) SARS-CoV-2 convalescents who had not received the vaccine. A total of 2653 individuals fully vaccinated by two doses of vaccine during the study period and 4361 convalescent patients were included. Higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were observed in vaccinated individuals (median 1581 AU/mL IQR [533.8–5644.6]) after the second vaccination than in convalescent individuals (median 355.3 AU/mL IQR [141.2–998.7]; p < 0.001). In vaccinated subjects, antibody titers decreased by up to 38% each subsequent month while in convalescents they decreased by less than 5% per month. Six months after BNT162b2 vaccination 16.1% subjects had antibody levels below the seropositivity threshold of <50 AU/mL, while only 10.8% of convalescent patients were below <50 AU/mL threshold after 9 months from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study demonstrates individuals who received the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine have different kinetics of antibody levels compared to patients who had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with higher initial levels but a much faster exponential decrease in the first group.

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Testing IgG antibodies against the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 is sufficient and necessary for COVID-19 diagnosis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0241164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0241164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victoria Indenbaum ◽

Ravit Koren ◽

Shiri Katz-Likvornik ◽

Mayan Yitzchaki ◽

Osnat Halpern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Igg Antibodies ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Past Exposure ◽

Iga Antibodies ◽

Global Spread ◽

Diagnostic Capacity ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Antibody Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of

The COVID-19 pandemic and the fast global spread of the disease resulted in unprecedented decline in world trade and travel. A critical priority is, therefore, to quickly develop serological diagnostic capacity and identify individuals with past exposure to SARS-CoV-2. In this study serum samples obtained from 309 persons infected by SARS-CoV-2 and 324 of healthy, uninfected individuals as well as serum from 7 COVID-19 patients with 4–7 samples each ranging between 1–92 days post first positive PCR were tested by an “in house” ELISA which detects IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Sensitivity of 47%, 80% and 88% and specificity of 100%, 98% and 98% in detection of IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies, respectively, were observed. IgG antibody levels against the RBD were demonstrated to be up regulated between 1–7 days after COVID-19 detection, earlier than both IgM and IgA antibodies. Study of the antibody kinetics of seven COVID 19 patients revealed that while IgG levels are high and maintained for at least 3 months, IgM and IgA levels decline after a 35–50 days following infection. Altogether, these results highlight the usefulness of the RBD based ELISA, which is both easy and cheap to prepare, to identify COVID-19 patients even at the acute phase. Most importantly our results demonstrate that measuring IgG levels alone is both sufficient and necessary to diagnose past exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

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Editorial Response: Serum IgG Antibody Response to Pertussis Toxin in Persons for Whom Pertussis Vaccination Failed Depends Upon the Number of Antigens in the Vaccine

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/515173 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 560-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James D. Cherry

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Pertussis Toxin ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Serum Igg

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Intranasal Immunization with Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines with Nontoxic Mutants of Escherichia coliHeat-Labile Enterotoxins as Adjuvants Protects Mice against Invasive Pneumococcal Infections

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.67.11.5892-5897.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 5892-5897 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Håvard Jakobsen ◽

Dominique Schulz ◽

Mariagrazia Pizza ◽

Rino Rappuoli ◽

Ingileif Jónsdóttir

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Protein Antigens ◽

Pneumococcal Infections ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Adjuvant Activity ◽

Conjugate Vaccines ◽

Mucosal Vaccination ◽

Serum Igg ◽

Mucosal Immune Responses ◽

Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT Host defenses against Streptococcus pneumoniae depend largely on phagocytosis following opsonization by polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and complement. Since colonization of the respiratory mucosa is the first step in pneumococcal pathogenesis, mucosal immune responses may play a significant role. In addition to inducing systemic immune responses, mucosal vaccination with an effective adjuvant has the advantage of inducing mucosal IgA antibodies. The heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) ofEscherichia coli is a well-studied mucosal adjuvant, and adjuvant activity of nontoxic LT mutants has been demonstrated for several protein antigens. We investigated the immunogenicity of pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PNC) of serotypes 1 and 3 in mice after intranasal (i.n.) immunization by using as an adjuvant the nontoxic LT mutant LT-K63 or LT-R72, which has minimal residual toxicity. Pneumococcal serotype-specific antibodies were measured in serum (IgM, IgG, and IgA) and saliva (IgA), and vaccine-induced protection was evaluated by i.n. challenge with virulent pneumococci of the homologous serotype. When administered with LT mutants, i.n. immunization with both conjugates induced systemic and mucosal immune responses, and serum IgG antibody levels were significantly higher than after subcutaneous immunization. All mice immunized i.n. with PNC-1 and LT mutants were protected against bacteremia and cleared the pneumococci from the lung 24 h after i.n. challenge; pneumococcal density correlated significantly with serum IgG antibody levels. Similarly, the survival of mice immunized i.n. with PNC-3 and LT mutants was significantly prolonged. These results demonstrate that i.n. vaccination with PNC and potent adjuvants can protect mice against invasive and lethal pneumococcal infections, indicating that mucosal vaccination with PNC may be an alternative vaccination strategy for humans.

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