scholarly journals Distinct Microbial Signatures between Periodontal Profile Classes

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110097
Author(s):  
J.T. Marchesan ◽  
K. Moss ◽  
T. Morelli ◽  
F.R. Teles ◽  
K. Divaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Antibody Levels

Precise classification of periodontal disease has been the objective of concerted efforts and has led to the introduction of new consensus-based and data-driven classifications. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbiological signatures of a latent class analysis (LCA)–derived periodontal stratification system, the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) taxonomy. We used demographic, microbial (subgingival biofilm composition), and immunological data (serum IgG antibody levels, obtained with checkerboard immunoblotting technique) for 1,450 adult participants of the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, with already generated PPC classifications. Analyses relied on t tests and generalized linear models with Bonferroni correction. Men and African Americans had higher systemic antibody levels against most microorganisms compared to women and Caucasians ( P < 0.05). Healthy individuals (PPC-I) had low levels of biofilm bacteria and serum IgG levels against most periodontal pathogens ( P < 0.05). Subjects with mild to moderate disease (PPC-II to PPC-III) showed mild/moderate colonization of multiple biofilm pathogens. Individuals with severe disease (PPC-IV) had moderate/high levels of biofilm pathogens and antibody levels for orange/red complexes. High gingival index individuals (PPC-V) showed moderate/high levels of biofilm Campylobacter rectus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Biofilm composition in individuals with reduced periodontium (PPC-VI) was similar to health but showed moderate to high antibody responses. Those with severe tooth loss (PPC-VII) had significantly high levels of multiple biofilm pathogens, while the systemic antibody response to these microorganisms was comparable to health. The results support a biologic basis for elevated risk for periodontal disease in men and African Americans. Periodontally healthy individuals showed a low biofilm pathogen and low systemic antibody burden. In the presence of PPC disease, a microbial-host imbalance characterized by higher microbial biofilm colonization and/or systemic IgG responses was identified. These results support the notion that subgroups identified by the PPC system present distinct microbial profiles and may be useful in designing future precise biological treatment interventions.

scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalisandTreponema denticolaMixed Microbial Infection in a Rat Model of Periodontal Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj K. Verma ◽  
Sunethra Rajapakse ◽  
Archana Meka ◽  
Clayton Hamrick ◽  
Sheela Pola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Th2 Immune Response ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Antibody Levels

Porphyromonas gingivalisandTreponema denticolaare periodontal pathogens that express virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. In this paper we tested the hypothesis thatP. gingivalisandT. denticolaare synergistic in terms of virulence; using a model of mixed microbial infection in rats. Groups of rats were orally infected with eitherP. gingivalisorT. denticolaor mixed microbial infections for 7 and 12 weeks.P. gingivalisgenomic DNA was detected more frequently by PCR thanT. denticola. Both bacteria induced significantly high IgG, IgG2b, IgG1, IgG2a antibody levels indicating a stimulation of Th1 and Th2 immune response. Radiographic and morphometric measurements demonstrated that rats infected with the mixed infection exhibited significantly more alveolar bone loss than shaminfected control rats. Histology revealed apical migration of junctional epithelium, rete ridge elongation, and crestal alveolar bone resorption; resembling periodontal disease lesion. These results showed thatP. gingivalisandT. denticolaexhibit no synergistic virulence in a rat model of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals The duration, dynamics and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in individual healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila F Lumley ◽  
Jia Wei ◽  
Denise O’Donnell ◽  
Nicole E Stoesser ◽  
Philippa C Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Credibility Interval ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Asian Ethnicity ◽  
Interval Censored ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody measurements can be used to estimate the proportion of a population exposed or infected and may be informative about the risk of future infection. Previous estimates of the duration of antibody responses vary. Methods We present 6 months of data from a longitudinal seroprevalence study of 3276 UK healthcare workers (HCWs). Serial measurements of SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid and anti-spike IgG were obtained. Interval censored survival analysis was used to investigate the duration of detectable responses. Additionally, Bayesian mixed linear models were used to investigate anti-nucleocapsid waning. Results Anti-spike IgG levels remained stably detected after a positive result, e.g., in 94% (95% credibility interval, CrI, 91-96%) of HCWs at 180 days. Anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels rose to a peak at 24 (95% credibility interval, CrI 19-31) days post first PCR-positive test, before beginning to fall. Considering 452 anti-nucleocapsid seropositive HCWs over a median of 121 days from their maximum positive IgG titre, the mean estimated antibody half-life was 85 (95%CrI, 81-90) days. Higher maximum observed anti-nucleocapsid titres were associated with longer estimated antibody half-lives. Increasing age, Asian ethnicity and prior self-reported symptoms were independently associated with higher maximum anti-nucleocapsid levels and increasing age and a positive PCR test undertaken for symptoms with longer anti-nucleocapsid half-lives. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies wane within months, and faster in younger adults and those without symptoms. However, anti-spike IgG remains stably detected. Ongoing longitudinal studies are required to track the long-term duration of antibody levels and their association with immunity to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.

Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibody To Periodontal Bacteria

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Murayama ◽  
A. Nagai ◽  
K. Okamura ◽  
H. Kurihara ◽  
Y. Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Serological Data ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Antibody Levels

The purpose of this study was to assess the serum antibody levels to periodontal bacteria in patients with periodontal disease, and to explore the diagnostic uses of the serum antibody assessment and its potential as a therapeutic guide. One hundred twenty-nine patients were clinically examined for the type and extent of periodontal destruction and serum IgG antibody levels to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Actinomyces israelii (Ai), A. viscosus (Av), Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Ba), B. corporis (Bc), B. denticola (Bd), B. gingivalis (Bg), B. intermedius (Bi), B. loescheii (BI), Capnocytophaga gingivalis (Cg), C. ochracea (Co), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). Clinical and serological data were subjected to correlation analyses. A small group of patients was monitored during the progress of periodontal treatments. The IgG antibody levels were assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Significantly elevated IgG antibody levels were manifested to Aa, Ai, Bg, and Fn in all forms of periodontal disease, additionally to Cg and Co in juvenile periodontitis, and to Bi in adult periodontitis. There were some correlations between a few clinical parameters and the antibody levels. Successful periodontal treatment significantly decreased the antibody levels to all of the micro-organisms; however, during periodontal treatment, there were no marked differences between pre- and post-treatment levels. The antibody reactivities to the periodontopathic micro-organisms may be of diagnostic and predictive value in patients.

scholarly journals Kinetics of the IgG antibody response to pertussis toxin after infection with B. pertussis

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. M. TEUNIS ◽  
O. G. VAN DER HEIJDEN ◽  
H. E. DE MELKER ◽  
J. F. P. SCHELLEKENS ◽  
F. G. A. VERSTEEGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Model ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Kinetics Of

We aimed to provide a quantitative description of decay in pertussis antibody levels to aid in finding a serological estimate of the incidence of pertussis. The serum IgG response against pertussis toxin was studied in a group of clinically diagnosed patients. Individual records consisted of repeated serum IgG measurements at irregular intervals for up to 10 years post diagnosis. These data were analysed with a nonlinear regression model taking into account censoring at upper and lower threshold levels, measurement errors, and individual variation in the shape and magnitude of the immune response. There was considerable variation between individual responses, both in strength (amplitude) and duration (shape). The inverse model relating IgG levels to time from infection (diagnosis) can be applied to cross-sectional IgG data to generate distributions of times from infection, which may be used to calculate infection rates and their variation, in populations sampled for cross-sectional IgG data.

scholarly journals Intranasal Immunization with Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines with Nontoxic Mutants of Escherichia coliHeat-Labile Enterotoxins as Adjuvants Protects Mice against Invasive Pneumococcal Infections

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 5892-5897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håvard Jakobsen ◽  
Dominique Schulz ◽  
Mariagrazia Pizza ◽  
Rino Rappuoli ◽  
Ingileif Jónsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Mucosal Vaccination ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Mucosal Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT Host defenses against Streptococcus pneumoniae depend largely on phagocytosis following opsonization by polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and complement. Since colonization of the respiratory mucosa is the first step in pneumococcal pathogenesis, mucosal immune responses may play a significant role. In addition to inducing systemic immune responses, mucosal vaccination with an effective adjuvant has the advantage of inducing mucosal IgA antibodies. The heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) ofEscherichia coli is a well-studied mucosal adjuvant, and adjuvant activity of nontoxic LT mutants has been demonstrated for several protein antigens. We investigated the immunogenicity of pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PNC) of serotypes 1 and 3 in mice after intranasal (i.n.) immunization by using as an adjuvant the nontoxic LT mutant LT-K63 or LT-R72, which has minimal residual toxicity. Pneumococcal serotype-specific antibodies were measured in serum (IgM, IgG, and IgA) and saliva (IgA), and vaccine-induced protection was evaluated by i.n. challenge with virulent pneumococci of the homologous serotype. When administered with LT mutants, i.n. immunization with both conjugates induced systemic and mucosal immune responses, and serum IgG antibody levels were significantly higher than after subcutaneous immunization. All mice immunized i.n. with PNC-1 and LT mutants were protected against bacteremia and cleared the pneumococci from the lung 24 h after i.n. challenge; pneumococcal density correlated significantly with serum IgG antibody levels. Similarly, the survival of mice immunized i.n. with PNC-3 and LT mutants was significantly prolonged. These results demonstrate that i.n. vaccination with PNC and potent adjuvants can protect mice against invasive and lethal pneumococcal infections, indicating that mucosal vaccination with PNC may be an alternative vaccination strategy for humans.

scholarly journals Antibody kinetics and clinical course of COVID-19 a prospective observational study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248918
Author(s):  
Anna Bläckberg ◽  
Nils Fernström ◽  
Emma Sarbrant ◽  
Magnus Rasmussen ◽  
Torgny Sunnerhagen
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background Serological response and association to clinical manifestation is important for understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Materials and methods A prospective observational study was conducted where antibody responses of IgG and IgA towards SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were studied over time in patients with COVID-19. Possible associations between antibody titers and outcome were analyzed. Results Forty patients with COVID-19, hospitalized at Skåne University hospital, Sweden, between April and June 2020 were included. IgG antibody responses were detected for all patients with the highest levels four weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis. Levels of IgA were generally higher at diagnosis and decreased towards baseline 4 weeks after confirmed COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 had higher levels of antibodies directed against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein compared with patients with mild disease. Conclusion IgG and IgA antibodies towards the spike protein follow different kinetics during COVID-19 and patients with severe disease develop higher antibody levels.

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