scholarly journals Characterization of antigenically and genetically similar influenza C viruses isolated in Japan during the 1999–2000 season

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. MATSUZAKI ◽  
S. TAKAO ◽  
S. SHIMADA ◽  
K. MIZUTA ◽  
K. SUGAWARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genome Composition ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Influenza C Virus

Between October 1999 and May 2000, a total of 28 strains of influenza C virus were isolated in four Japanese prefectures: Yamagata, Miyagi, Saitama and Hiroshima. Antigenic analysis showed that the 28 isolates were divided into three distinct antigenic groups, and viruses belonging to different antigenic groups were co-circulating in each of the four prefectures. Phylogenetic analysis of the seven protein genes demonstrated that the viruses having a similar genome composition spread in various areas of Japan during the same period. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the influenza C viruses isolated in various areas of the world between the 1970s and 1980s were closely related to the contemporary Japanese viruses in all gene segments. These observations suggest that the influenza C viruses cause epidemics in some communities during the same season and that antigenically and genetically similar influenza C viruses spread throughout Japan and may be circulating worldwide.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Influenza C Viruses in the Philippines and Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Odagiri ◽  
Yoko Matsuzaki ◽  
Michiko Okamoto ◽  
Akira Suzuki ◽  
Mariko Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mdck Cells ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Influenza C Virus

From November 2009 to December 2013 in the Philippines, 15 influenza C viruses were isolated, using MDCK cells, from specimens obtained from children with severe pneumonia and influenza-like illness (ILI). This is the first report of influenza C virus isolation in the Philippines. In addition, from January 2008 to December 2013, 7 influenza C viruses were isolated from specimens that were obtained from children with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Sendai city, Japan. Antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) glycoprotein showed that 19 strains (12 from the Philippines and 7 from Japan) were similar to the influenza C virus reference strain C/Sao Paulo/378/82 (SP82). Phylogenetic analysis of the HE gene showed that the strains from the Philippines and Japan formed distinct clusters within an SP82-related lineage. The clusters that included the Philippine and Japanese strains were shown to have diverged from a common ancestor around 1993. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the internal genes showed that all strains isolated in the Philippines and Japan had emerged through reassortment events. The composition of the internal genes of the Philippine strains was different from that of the Japanese strains, although all strains were classified into an SP82-related lineage by HE gene sequence analysis. These observations suggest that the influenza C viruses analyzed here had emerged through different reassortment events; however, the time and place at which the reassortment events occurred were not determined.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in Poland reveals the presence of swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) sequence in S gene

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258318
Author(s):  
Marta Antas ◽  
Monika Olech ◽  
Anna Szczotka-Bochniarz
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious enteric viral disease of pigs with a high morbidity and mortality rate, which ultimately results in huge economic losses in the pig production sector. The etiological agent of this disease is the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) which is an enveloped, positive single-stranded RNA virus. The aim of this study was to perform molecular characterization of PEDV to identify the strains circulating in Poland. In this study, 662 faecal samples from 2015 to 2021 were tested with reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and the results showed that 3.8% of the tested samples revealed a positive result for PEDV. A phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome and complete S gene sequences showed that Polish PEDV strains belonged to the G1b (S-INDEL) subgroup and were closely related to the European PEDV strains isolated from 2014 to 2019. Furthermore, RDP4 analysis revealed that the Polish PEDV strains harboured a recombinant fragment of ~400 nt in the 5’ end of S gene with PEDV and swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) being the major and minor parents, respectively. Antigenic analysis showed that the aa sequences of neutralizing epitopes were conserved among the Polish PEDV strains. Only one strain, #0100/5P, had a unique substitution in the COE epitope. However, Polish PEDV strains showed several substitutions, especially in the COE antigen, as compared to the classical strain CV777. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus strains, as well as the first phylogenetic analysis for PEDV in Poland.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of goose parvovirus in geese of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Bulut ◽  
Irmak Dik ◽  
Hatice P. Aslim ◽  
Cagri Avci ◽  
Hasan S. Palanci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
The World ◽  
Goose Parvovirus ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT: Goose parvovirus (GPV), also called Derzsy’s disease, is a viral pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in goslings and ducklings. In this study, we perform the molecular characterization of the GPV in Turkey. The definition of similarity to the world of GPV isolates in Turkey and construction of a phylogenetic tree was aimed. For this purpose, the presence of GPV in the liver, spleen, and intestine tissues of nine goslings with symptoms such as dysphagia, bilateral ocular swelling, eye discharge, diarrhea, and fatigue were investigated by real-time PCR method and all samples were detected as positive. According to the data obtained by molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis of GPV has been presented in Turkey. As a result of this study, it was determined that the GPVs available in Turkey are virulent strains.

scholarly journals Characterization of H5N2 influenza viruses from Italian poultry

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Donatelli ◽  
Laura Campitelli ◽  
Livia Di Trani ◽  
Simona Puzelli ◽  
Lucia Selli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Highly Pathogenic

From October 1997 to January 1998, highly pathogenic H5N2 avian influenza viruses caused eight outbreaks of avian influenza in northern Italy. A nonpathogenic H5N9 influenza virus was also isolated during the outbreaks as a result of virological and epidemiological surveillance to control the spread of avian influenza to neighbouring regions. Antigenic analysis showed that the Italian H5N2 isolates were antigenically similar to, although distinguishable from, A/HK/156/97, a human influenza H5N1 virus isolated in Hong Kong in 1997. Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin (HA) genes showed that the highly pathogenic Italian viruses clustered with the Hong Kong strains, whereas the nonpathogenic H5N9 virus, despite its epidemiological association with the highly pathogenic Italian isolates, was most closely related to the highly pathogenic A/Turkey/England/91 (H5N1) strain. Like the HA phylogenetic tree, the nonstructural (NS) phylogenetic tree showed that the H5N2 Italian virus genes are clearly separate from those of the H5N9 strain. In contrast, results of the phylogenetic analysis of nucleoprotein (NP) genes indicated a closer genetic relationship between the two Italian virus groups, a finding suggesting a common progenitor. Comparison of the HA, NS and NP genes of the Italian H5 strains with those of the H5N1 viruses simultaneously circulating in Hong Kong revealed that the two groups of viruses do not share a recent common ancestor. No virological and serological evidence of bird-to-human transmission of the Italian H5N2 influenza viruses was found.

scholarly journals The gilled mushroom Amanita spissacea (Amanitaceae): a new report for India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 12413-12417
Author(s):  
Hmar Lalrinawmi ◽  
John Zothanzama ◽  
Benjamin W. Held ◽  
Josiah M.C. Vabeikhokhei ◽  
Zohmangaiha . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The World

Mizoram is regarded as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the World owing to the diverse group of flora and fauna documented here.  Information regarding the macrofungi, however, is very limited.  For this reason, a systematic study of mushrooms from Mizoram was undertaken and during the field survey, Amanita spissacea was collected and identified.  This is the first report of this mushroom from India.  This species was identified on the basis of its morphological and microscopic characteristics as well as molecular characterization of the ITS region of rDNA.  Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed that A. spissacea was a distinct species from A. fritillaria, A. sepiacea, A. citrina and other closely related species Amanita section Valideae.

Morphological, histological and molecular characterization of Myxidium cf. rhodei infecting the kidney of Rutilus rutilus

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
MD Dorjievna Batueva ◽  
X Pan ◽  
J Zhang ◽  
X Liu ◽  
W Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Suture Line ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Supplementary Data

In the present study, we provide supplementary data for Myxidium cf. rhodei Léger, 1905 based on morphological, histological and molecular characterization. M. cf. rhodei was observed in the kidneys of 918 out of 942 (97%) roach Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758). Myxospores of M. cf. rhodei were fusiform with pointed ends, measuring 12.7 ± 0.1 SD (11.8-13.4) µm in length and 4.6 ± 0.1 (3.8-5.4) µm in width. Two similar pear-shaped polar capsules were positioned at either ends of the longitudinal axis of the myxospore: each of these capsules measured 4.0 ± 0.1 (3.1-4.7) µm in length and 2.8 ± 0.1 (2.0-4.0) µm in width. Polar filaments were coiled into 4 to 5 turns. Approximately 18-20 longitudinal straight ridges were observed on the myxospore surface. The suture line was straight and distinctive, running near the middle of the valves. Histologically, the plasmodia of the present species were found in the Bowman’s capsules, and rarely in the interstitium of the host. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that M. cf. rhodei was sister to M. anatidum in the Myxidium clade including most Myxidium species from freshwater hosts.

scholarly journals The absence of the caffeine synthase gene is involved in the naturally decaffeinated status of Coffea humblotiana, a wild species from Comoro archipelago

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Raharimalala ◽  
Stephane Rombauts ◽  
Andrew McCarthy ◽  
Andréa Garavito ◽  
Simon Orozco-Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Recombination Mechanism ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Caffeine Synthase ◽  
The World ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Chromosome Level

AbstractCaffeine is the most consumed alkaloid stimulant in the world. It is synthesized through the activity of three known N-methyltransferase proteins. Here we are reporting on the 422-Mb chromosome-level assembly of the Coffea humblotiana genome, a wild and endangered, naturally caffeine-free, species from the Comoro archipelago. We predicted 32,874 genes and anchored 88.7% of the sequence onto the 11 chromosomes. Comparative analyses with the African Robusta coffee genome (C. canephora) revealed an extensive genome conservation, despite an estimated 11 million years of divergence and a broad diversity of genome sizes within the Coffea genus. In this genome, the absence of caffeine is likely due to the absence of the caffeine synthase gene which converts theobromine into caffeine through an illegitimate recombination mechanism. These findings pave the way for further characterization of caffeine-free species in the Coffea genus and will guide research towards naturally-decaffeinated coffee drinks for consumers.

scholarly journals Subtype Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium felis in Cats in Guangdong and Shanghai, China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Fuxian Yang ◽  
Ruobing Liang ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subtyping Tool

Cryptosporidiumfelis is an important cause of feline and human cryptosporidiosis. However, the transmission of this pathogen between humans and cats remains controversial, partially due to a lack of genetic characterization of isolates from cats. The present study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of C. felis in cats in China and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A newly developed subtyping tool based on a sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was employed to identify the subtypes of 30 cat-derived C. felis isolates from Guangdong and Shanghai. Altogether, 20 C. felis isolates were successfully subtyped. The results of the sequence alignment showed a high genetic diversity, with 13 novel subtypes and 2 known subtypes of the XIXa subtype family being identified. The known subtypes were previously detected in humans, while some of the subtypes formed well-supported subclusters with human-derived subtypes from other countries in a phylogenetic analysis of the gp60 sequences. The results of this study confirmed the high genetic diversity of the XIXa subtype family of C. felis. The common occurrence of this subtype family in both humans and cats suggests that there could be cross-species transmission of C. felis.

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