scholarly journals Part I. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. CRUMP ◽  
P. K. RAM ◽  
S. K. GUPTA ◽  
M. A. MILLER ◽  
E. D. MINTZ
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Intestinal Perforation ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Development Index

SUMMARYThere are only 10 contemporary, population-based studies of typhoid fever that evaluate disease incidence using blood culture for confirmation of cases. Reported incidence ranged from 13 to 976/100 000 persons per year. These studies are likely to have been done preferentially in high- incidence sites which makes generalization of data difficult. Only five of these studies reported mortality. Of these the median (range) mortality was 0% (0–1·8%). Since study conditions usually involved enhanced clinical management of patients and the studies were not designed to evaluate mortality as an outcome, their usefulness for generalizing case-fatality rates is uncertain. No contemporary population-based studies reported rates of complications. Hospital-based typhoid fever studies reported median (range) complication rates of 2·8% (0·6–4·9%) for intestinal perforation and case-fatality rates of 2·0% (0–14·8%). Rates of complications other than intestinal perforation were not reported in contemporary hospital-based studies. Hospital-based studies capture information on the most severe illnesses among persons who have access to health-care services limiting their generalizability. Only two studies have informed the current understanding of typhoid fever age distribution curves. Extrapolation from population-based studies suggests that most typhoid fever occurs among young children in Asia. To reduce gaps in the current understanding of typhoid fever incidence, complications, and case-fatality rate, large population-based studies using blood culture confirmation of cases are needed in representative sites, especially in low and medium human development index countries outside Asia.

scholarly journals Part II. Analysis of data gaps pertaining toShigellainfections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. RAM ◽  
J. A. CRUMP ◽  
S. K. GUPTA ◽  
M. A. MILLER ◽  
E. D. MINTZ
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
English Language ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Sub Saharan

SUMMARYThe global incidence ofShigellainfection has been estimated at 80–165 million episodes annually, with 99% of episodes occurring in the developing world. To identify contemporary gaps in the understanding of the global epidemiology of shigellosis, we conducted a review of the English-language scientific literature from 1984 to 2005, restricting the search to low and medium human development countries. Our review yielded 11 population-based studies ofShigellaburden from seven countries. No population-based studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa or in low human development countries. In studies done in all age groups,Shigellaincidence varied from 0·6 to 107 episodes/1000 person-years.S. flexneriwas the most commonly detected subgroup in the majority of studies. Case-fatality rates ranged from 0% to 2·6% in population-based studies and from 0% to 21% in facility-based studies. This review highlights the large gaps in data on the burden ofShigellainfections for low human development index countries and, more specifically, for sub-Saharan Africa.

Prevalence of epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110450
Author(s):  
Xian Liu ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Caihong Sun ◽  
Mingyang Zou ◽  
Yiru Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

The literature from inception to 2020 on the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals was systematically reviewed and further explored by subgroup analyses and meta-regression models. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020179725). A total of 66 studies from 53 articles were included. The updated pooled prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals was 10% (95% CI: 6–14). The respective prevalence estimate of epilepsy was 19% (95% CI: 6–35) in the clinical sample-based cross-sectional study, 7% (95% CI: 3–11) in the cohort study, and 9% (95% CI: 5–15) in the population-based cross-sectional study. The pooled prevalence of epilepsy was 7% (95% CI: 4–11) in autistic children and 19% (95% CI: 14–24) in autistic adults. Compared to the school-aged group, the adolescence group (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.25) and the pre-school group (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.94–1.19) were positively associated with the prevalence of epilepsy. The moderators of age, human development index of the country, gender, and intellectual function accounted for most of the heterogeneity. The prevalence estimates were associated with age, female gender, intellectual disability rate, and the human development index of countries. About 1/10 autistic individuals co-occurred with epilepsy, which was common in the clinical setting, adolescents, adults, females, or patients with intellectual disability, and less common in the country with high human development index. Lay abstract Autistic individuals experience higher co-occurring medical conditions than the general population, and yet the estimates of autistic individuals with epilepsy are not updated. Co-occurrence of epilepsy in autistic individuals often aggravated cognitive impairment and increased the risk of poor long-term prognosis. Thus, an updated systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to study the relevant articles published from inception to 2020, evaluate the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals, and further explore the putative factors influencing the prevalence. A total of 66 studies from 53 articles were included in this study. The results showed that epilepsy is more common in autistic individuals than in the general population. The prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals in the clinical sample-based studies was higher than that in the population-based based cross-sectional or cohort studies. The prevalence of epilepsy in autistic adults was higher than that in autistic children. A significantly increased prevalence of epilepsy was detected in the autistic adolescent group (11–17 years old), and a higher trend of prevalence of epilepsy was observed in the autistic pre-school group (⩽ 6 -years-old) than that of the autistic school-aged group (7–10 years-old). The prevalence of epilepsy increased with age, female rate, and low intellectual function rate of autistic individuals. However, the human development index of countries was negatively associated with the pooled prevalence, which could be attributed to the different levels of awareness, diagnostic technologies, and autism-service support worldwide. About 1/10 autistic individuals also had epilepsy, which was common in the clinical setting, adolescents, adults, females, or patients with intellectual disability and less common in the country with high human development index. Thus, these findings provided critical and innovative views on the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals and contributed to the targeted clinical management and preventive measures.

Global cancer transitions according to the Human Development Index (2008–2030): a population-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 790-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddie Bray ◽  
Ahmedin Jemal ◽  
Nathan Grey ◽  
Jacques Ferlay ◽  
David Forman
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Development Index

Mortality in Digestive Cancers, 2012: International Data and Data from Romania

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Valean ◽  
Monica Acalovschi ◽  
Mircea Diculescu ◽  
Mircea Manuc ◽  
Adrian Goldis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Digestive Cancers ◽  
The Difference

We aimed to compare the difference in case fatality rate between more developed and very high Human Development Index (HDI) regions, less developed and low HDI regions, and Romania. The incidence and mortality rates for digestive cancers were obtained from the IARC/WHO 2012 database. World mean mortality-to-incidence ratios registered the highest values in pancreatic cancer (0.97/0.94), and liver cancer (0.93/0.96) in males/females, respectively. The lowest values were recorded in colorectal cancer (0.48 in both sexes). Mortality-to-incidence ratios were generally higher in less developed areas, low HDI populations, and in Romania. The difference in case fatality rate between different areas showed higher variations for colorectal, gastric and gallbladder cancers, and smaller variations for esophageal, liver, and pancreatic cancers. In summary, mortality-to-incidence ratios of digestive cancers were high in 2012; higher values were registered in less developed and low HDI regions, and in Romania. Mortality-to-incidence ratios were similar in both sexes, even though the incidence was generally higher in men. Digestive cancer mortality variation suggests the necessity of finding better strategies for prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of digestive cancers. Abbreviations: ASRWs: age-standardized rate (World Standard Population) per 100,000 population; CRC: colorectal cancer; GC: gastric cancer; HDI: Human Development Index; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; IARC: International

scholarly journals Part III. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. GUPTA ◽  
J. KECK ◽  
P. K. RAM ◽  
J. A. CRUMP ◽  
M. A. MILLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Complications And Mortality

SUMMARYEnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) is a common cause of profuse watery diarrhoea in the developing world, often leading to severe dehydration or death. We found only 15 population-based studies in low and medium human development index (HDI) countries from 1984 to 2005 that evaluate disease incidence. Reported incidence ranged from 39 to 4460 infections/1000 persons per year. The peak incidence of ETEC appeared to occur between ages 6 and 18 months. A median of 14% (range 2–36%) of diarrhoeal specimens were positive for ETEC in 19 facility- and population-based studies conducted in all age groups and 13% (range 3–39%) in 51 studies conducted in children only. Heat-labile toxin (LT)-ETEC is thought to be less likely to cause disease than heat-stable toxin (ST)-ETEC or LT/ST-ETEC. Because population-based studies involve enhanced clinical management of patients and facility-based studies include only the most severe illnesses, reliable data on complications and mortality from ETEC infections was unavailable. To reduce gaps in the current understanding of ETEC incidence, complications and mortality, large population-based studies combined with facility-based studies covering a majority of the corresponding population are needed, especially in low-HDI countries. Moreover, a standard molecular definition of ETEC infection is needed to be able to compare results across study sites.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Stroke in Indigenous Populations of Countries With a Very High Human Development Index: A Systematic Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna H. Balabanski ◽  
Angela Dos Santos ◽  
John A. Woods ◽  
Amanda G. Thrift ◽  
Timothy J. Kleinig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
Very High

Background and Aims: Despite known Indigenous health and socioeconomic disadvantage in countries with a Very High Human Development Index, data on the incidence of stroke in these populations are sparse. With oversight from an Indigenous Advisory Board, we will undertake a systematic review of the incidence of stroke in Indigenous populations of developed countries or regions, with comparisons between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations of the same region, though not between different Indigenous populations.Methods: Using PubMed, OVID-EMBASE, and Global Health databases, we will examine population-based incidence studies of stroke in Indigenous adult populations of developed countries published 1990-current, without language restriction. Non-peer-reviewed sources, studies including <10 Indigenous People, or with insufficient data to determine incidence, will be excluded. Two reviewers will independently validate the search strategies, screen titles and abstracts, and record reasons for rejection. Relevant articles will undergo full-text screening, with standard data extracted for all studies included. Quality assessment will include Sudlow and Warlow's criteria for population-based stroke incidence studies, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for risk of bias, and the CONSIDER checklist for Indigenous research.Results: Primary outcomes include crude, age-specific and/or age-standardized incidence of stroke. Secondary outcomes include overall stroke rates, incidence rate ratio and case-fatality. Results will be synthesized in figures and tables, describing data sources, populations, methodology, and findings. Within-population meta-analysis will be performed if, and where, methodologically sound and comparable studies allow this.Conclusion: We will undertake the first systematic review assessing disparities in stroke incidence in Indigenous populations of developed countries. Data outputs will be disseminated to relevant Indigenous stakeholders to inform public health and policy research.

scholarly journals Prostate cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa by age, stage at diagnosis, and human development index: a population-based registry study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias P. Seraphin ◽  
Walburga Y. Joko-Fru ◽  
Shyam S. Manraj ◽  
Eric Chokunonga ◽  
Nontuthuzelo I. M. Somdyala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Objectives To estimate observed and relative survival of prostate cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and to examine the influence of age, stage at diagnosis and the Human Development Index (HDI). Patients and methods In this comparative registry study, we selected a random sample of 1752 incident cases of malign prostatic neoplasm from 12 population-based cancer registries from 10 SSA countries, registered between 2005 and 2015. We analyzed the data using Kaplan-Meier and Ederer II methods to obtain outcome estimates and flexible Poisson regression modeling to calculate the excess hazards of death Results For the 1406 patients included in the survival analyses, 763 deaths occurred during 3614 person-years of observation. Of patients with known stage, 45.2% had stage IV disease, 31.2% stage III and only 23.6% stage I and II. The 1 and 5-year relative survival for the entire cohort was 78.0% (75.4–80.7) and 60.0% (55.7–64.6), while varying between the registries. Late presentation was associated with increased excess hazards and a 0.1 increase in the HDI was associated with a 20% lower excess hazard of death, while for age at diagnosis no association was found. Conclusions We found poor survival of SSA prostatic tumor patients, as well as high proportions of late stage presentation, which are associated with inferior outcome. This calls for investment in health-care systems and action regarding projects to raise awareness among the population to achieve earlier diagnosis and improve survival.

What Does Human Development Index Rating Mean in Terms of Individualism/Collectivism?

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Sotelo ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The authors explore an alternative way of analyzing the relationship between human development and individualism. The method is based on the first principal component of Hofstede's individualism index in the Human Development Index rating domain. Results suggest that the general idea that greater wealth brings more individualism is only true for countries with high levels of development, while for middle or low levels of development the inverse is true.

Capaian pembangunan manusia: analisis komparatif Provinsi Banten, Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriwati Adriwati
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Paradigm

Human development is a development paradigm that puts human (population) as the focus and final target of all development activities, namely the achievement of control over resources (income to achieve decent living), improvement of health status (long life and healthy life) and improve education. To see the success rate of human development, UNDP publishes an indicator of Human Development Index (HDI). This study discusses the achievements of human development that have been pursued by the government. The problem analyzed in this research is the difference of human development achievement in some provincial government in Indonesia. This paper aims to compare the achievements of human development in some provincial governments seen from the achievement of human development index of each province. Research location in Banten Province, West Java and DKI Jakarta.Keywords:Human Development Index, Human Development Achievement

The comparison of MCDM Methods including AHP, TOPSIS and MAUT with an Application on Gender Inequality Index

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latife Sinem Sarul ◽  
Özge Eren
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Inequality Index ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Alternative Ranking

Gender Inequality Index is a major indicator presenting level of development of the countries as Human Development Index, which is calculated regularly every year by UN. In this study, an alternative calculation has been proposed for measuring gender inequality index which is an important barrier for the human development. Each indicator in the index integrated as MAUT- AHP and also AHP-TOPSIS and these methods carried out again for the alternative ranking member and candidate countries of the European Union. The main objective here is to represent that the indicators form gender inequality index can be reclassified with different weights for each indicator.

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