Geographical diversity in seasonality of major diarrhoeal pathogens in Bangladesh observed between 2010 and 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
pp. 2530-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. DAS ◽  
D. BEGUM ◽  
S. AHMED ◽  
F. FERDOUS ◽  
F. D. FARZANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
High Disease Burden

SUMMARYThe study aimed to determine the geographical diversity in seasonality of major diarrhoeal pathogens among 21 138 patients enrolled between 2010 and 2012 in two urban and two rural sites in Bangladesh under the surveillance system of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). Distinct patterns in seasonality were found for rotavirus diarrhoea which peaked in winter across the sites (December and January) and dipped during the rainy season (May) in urban Dhaka, August in Mirpur and July in Matlab, equated by time-series analysis using quasi-Poisson regression model. Significant seasonality for shigellosis was observed in Dhaka and rural Mirzapur. Cholera had robust seasonality in Dhaka and Matlab in the hot and rainy seasons. For enterotoxogenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) diarrhoea, clearly defined seasonality was observed in Dhaka (summer). Understanding the seasonality of such pathogens can improve case management with appropriate therapy, allowing policy-makers to identify periods of high disease burden.

Sociodemographic differentials in mortality during the 1974–75 famine in a rural area of Bangladesh

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Razzaque
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Household Socioeconomic Status

SummaryThis study investigates the socio-demographic differentials in mortality during the 1974–75 famine in a rural area of Bangladesh. It is based on household socioeconomic information collected in the 1974 census and registration data on births, deaths and migrations for the period 1974–79 from the Demographic Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Ownership of selected household items was considered in the analysis as an indicator of household socioeconomic status. Mortality was 62% higher during the famine period and 31% higher during the post-famine period compared to the non-famine period. The mortality of both the poor and the rich increased during the famine period, by 117% and 28% respectively compared to the non-famine period. The poor suffered significantly in all age groups except 5–14 years, while the rich suffered only for ages 65 and over. Poor males suffered more than poor females except for ages 65 and over, while rich females suffered more than rich males except for ages under 1 year.

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae O139 persists in Dhaka, Bangladesh since 1993

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009721
Author(s):  
Irin Parvin ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid ◽  
Subhasish Das ◽  
Lubaba Shahrin ◽  
Mst. Mahmuda Ackhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O139 ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Background After a multi-country Asian outbreak of cholera due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 which started in 1992, it is rarely detected from any country in Asia and has not been detected from patients in Africa. Methodology/Principal findings We extracted surveillance data from the Dhaka and Matlab Hospitals of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) to review trends in isolation of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Bangladesh. Data from the Dhaka Hospital is a 2% sample of > 100,000 diarrhoeal patients treated annually. Data from the Matlab Hospital includes all diarrhoeal patients who hail from the villages included in the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Vibrio cholerae O139 was first isolated in Dhaka in 1993 and had been isolated every year since then except for a gap between 2005 and 2008. An average of thirteen isolates was detected annually from the Dhaka Hospital during the last ten years, yielding an estimated 650 cases annually at this hospital. During the last ten years, cases due to serogroup O139 represented 0.47% of all cholera cases; the others being due to serogroup O1. No cases with serogroup O139 were identified at Matlab since 2006. Clinical signs and symptoms of cholera due to serogroup O139 were similar to cases due to serogroup O1 though more of the O139 cases were not dehydrated. Most isolates of O139 remained sensitive to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, but they became resistant to erythromycin starting in 2009. Conclusions/Significance Cholera due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 continues to cause typical cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Directing Diarrhoeal Disease Research towards Disease-burden Reduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Kosek ◽  
Claudio F Lanata ◽  
Robert E Black ◽  
Damian G Walker ◽  
John D Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Disease Research

scholarly journals Hyperkalemia Was an Independent Risk Factor for Death While Under Mechanical Ventilation Among Children Hospitalized With Diarrhea in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1775400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Chowdhury ◽  
Probir Kumar Ghosh ◽  
K. M. Shahunja ◽  
Abu S. M. S. B. Shahid ◽  
Lubaba Shahrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Robust Poisson Regression

Objectives. We sought to evaluate the admission and hospital risk factors for death in children with diarrhea requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). Methods. This was a retrospective study. We enrolled children aged 0 to 59 months admitted with diarrhea to the intensive care unit of the Dhaka Hospital of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) between August 2009 and July 2013 and required MV. To evaluate the risk factors for death in MV, we compared the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the children requiring MV. We matched up to the clinical characteristics presented on admission and subsequently developed before MV during hospital stay with the survivors and deaths of children having MV. Results. Among 73 enrolled children, 58 (80%) died. Incidence of death in MV was higher among children having hyperkalemia ( P ≤ .001), hypoglycemia ( P ≤ .001), and metabolic acidosis ( P = .06) on admission and lower in children having tracheal isolates ( P ≤ .001) during hospitalization. After adjusting for covariates by using multivariate robust Poisson regression, children with hyperkalemia (incidence ratio = 1.34; P = .03; confidence interval = 1.02-1.76) on admission was the only independent risk factor for death of children with MV. Conclusion. Children with hyperkalemia on admission and subsequently requiring MV were more likely to die compared with those without hyperkalemia.

scholarly journals The estimated magnitude of AIDS in Brazil: a delay correction applied to cases with lost dates

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tereza S. Barbosa ◽  
Claudio J. Struchiner
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Reporting Delays ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Delay Correction ◽  
Reporting Delay

The number of HIV-infected people is an important measure of the magnitude of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil and allows for comparison with epidemic patterns in other countries. This quantity can be estimated from the number of reported AIDS cases, which in turn needs to be corrected for the distribution of reporting delays and under-recording of cases. These distributions are unknown and must also be estimated from the recorded dates, which were missed to the Brazilian National AIDS registry. This paper estimates the number of AIDS cases diagnosed by imputing the lost information based on an estimate of the pattern in registration delay until 1996. We first fitted a non-stationary bivariate Poisson regression model to estimate the pattern in reporting delay. In the subsequent steps these models were applied to impute new data, thus replacing the missing information, and to estimate the magnitude of the AIDS epidemic in the country. Model estimates ranged from 36,000 to 50,000 AIDS cases diagnosed in Brazil and still unreported. Therefore, the epidemic was 20 to 30% greater than known from the available information as of February 1999. To be useful to health policy-makers, the surveillance system based on officially reported AIDS cases must be continuously improved.

scholarly journals Changing childhood malnutrition in Bangladesh: trends over the last two decades in urban–rural differentials (1993–2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1718-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumon Kumar Das ◽  
Mohammod Jobayer Chisti ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Malek ◽  
Jui Das ◽  
Mohammed Abdus Salam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Weight For Age

AbstractObjectiveThe present study determined trends in malnutrition among under-5 children in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.DesignSurveillance.SettingThe study was conducted in the urban Dhaka and the rural Matlab hospitals of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, where every fiftieth patient and all patients coming from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System were enrolled.SubjectsA total of 28 816 under-5 children were enrolled at Dhaka from 1993 to 2012 and 11 533 at Matlab between 2000 and 2012.ResultsIn Dhaka, 46 % of the children were underweight, 39 % were stunted and 28 % were wasted. In Matlab, the corresponding figures were 39 %, 31 % and 26 %, respectively. At Dhaka, 0·5 % of the children were overweight and obese when assessed by weight-for-age Z-score >+2·00, 1·4 % by BMI-for-age Z-score >+2·00 and 1·4 % by weight-for-height Z-score >+2·00; in Matlab the corresponding figures were 0·5 %, 1·4 % and 1·4 %, respectively. In Dhaka, the proportion of underweight, stunting and wasting decreased from 59 % to 28 % (a 53 % reduction), from 54 % to 22 % (59 % reduction) and from 33 % to 21 % (36 % reduction), respectively, between 1993 and 2012. In Matlab, these indicators decreased from 51 % to 27 % (a 47 % reduction), from 36 % to 25 % (31 % reduction) and from 34 % to 14 % (59 % reduction), respectively, from 2000 to 2012. On the other hand, the proportion of overweight (as assessed by BMI-for-age Z-score) increased significantly over the study period in both Dhaka (from 0·6 % to 2·6 %) and Matlab (from 0·8 % to 2·2 %).ConclusionsThe proportion of malnourished under-5 children has decreased gradually in both urban and rural Bangladesh; however, the reduction rates are not in line with meeting Millennium Development Goal 1. Trends for increasing childhood obesity have been noted during the study period as well.

scholarly journals The effect of sociodemographic factors on COVID-19 incidence of 342 cities in China: a geographically weighted regression model analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Zhang ◽  
Yini Liu ◽  
Fangyao Chen ◽  
Baibing Mi ◽  
Lingxia Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Geographically Weighted Regression Model ◽  
Auto Correlation

Abstract Background Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread quickly among the population and brought a severe global impact. However, considerable geographical disparities in the distribution of COVID-19 incidence existed among different cities. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of sociodemographic factors on COVID-19 incidence of 342 cities in China from a geographic perspective. Methods Official surveillance data about the COVID-19 and sociodemographic information in China’s 342 cities were collected. Local geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) model and traditional generalized linear models (GLM) Poisson regression model were compared for optimal analysis. Results Compared to that of the GLM Poisson regression model, a significantly lower corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc) was reported in the GWPR model (61953.0 in GLM vs. 43218.9 in GWPR). Spatial auto-correlation of residuals was not found in the GWPR model (global Moran’s I = − 0.005, p = 0.468), inferring the capture of the spatial auto-correlation by the GWPR model. Cities with a higher gross domestic product (GDP), limited health resources, and shorter distance to Wuhan, were at a higher risk for COVID-19. Furthermore, with the exception of some southeastern cities, as population density increased, the incidence of COVID-19 decreased. Conclusions There are potential effects of the sociodemographic factors on the COVID-19 incidence. Moreover, our findings and methodology could guide other countries by helping them understand the local transmission of COVID-19 and developing a tailored country-specific intervention strategy.

A multivariate Poisson regression model for count data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
J. M. Muñoz-Pichardo ◽  
R. Pino-Mejías ◽  
J. García-Heras ◽  
F. Ruiz-Muñoz ◽  
M. Luz González-Regalado
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Poisson Regression Model

Monitoring social networks based on Zero-inflated Poisson regression model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Narges Motalebi ◽  
Mohammad Saleh Owlia ◽  
Amirhossein Amiri ◽  
Mohammad Saber Fallahnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Poisson Regression Model

scholarly journals Age and Sex Specific Trends in Incidence of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Danish Birth Cohorts from 1992 to 2002: A Nationwide Register Linkage Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8331
Author(s):  
Isabel Cardoso ◽  
Peder Frederiksen ◽  
Ina Olmer Specht ◽  
Mina Nicole Händel ◽  
Fanney Thorsteinsdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Age And Sex

This study reports age- and sex-specific incidence rates of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in complete Danish birth cohorts from 1992 through 2002. Data were obtained from the Danish registries. All persons born in Denmark, from 1992–2002, were followed from birth and until either the date of first diagnosis recording, death, emigration, 16th birthday or administrative censoring (17 May 2017), whichever came first. The number of incident JIA cases and its incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) were calculated within sex and age group for each of the birth cohorts. A multiplicative Poisson regression model was used to analyze the variation in the incidence rates by age and year of birth for boys and girls separately. The overall incidence of JIA was 24.1 (23.6–24.5) per 100,000 person-years. The rate per 100,000 person-years was higher among girls (29.9 (29.2–30.7)) than among boys (18.5 (18.0–19.1)). There were no evident peaks for any age group at diagnosis for boys but for girls two small peaks appeared at ages 0–5 years and 12–15 years. This study showed that the incidence rates of JIA in Denmark were higher for girls than for boys and remained stable over the observed period for both sexes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document