Sociodemographic differentials in mortality during the 1974–75 famine in a rural area of Bangladesh

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Razzaque
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Household Socioeconomic Status

SummaryThis study investigates the socio-demographic differentials in mortality during the 1974–75 famine in a rural area of Bangladesh. It is based on household socioeconomic information collected in the 1974 census and registration data on births, deaths and migrations for the period 1974–79 from the Demographic Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Ownership of selected household items was considered in the analysis as an indicator of household socioeconomic status. Mortality was 62% higher during the famine period and 31% higher during the post-famine period compared to the non-famine period. The mortality of both the poor and the rich increased during the famine period, by 117% and 28% respectively compared to the non-famine period. The poor suffered significantly in all age groups except 5–14 years, while the rich suffered only for ages 65 and over. Poor males suffered more than poor females except for ages 65 and over, while rich females suffered more than rich males except for ages under 1 year.

Effect of Famine on Fertility in a, Rural Area of Bangladesh

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Razzaque
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Household Socioeconomic Status

SummaryThis study investigates the effects of the 1974–75 famine on differential fertility in a rural population of Bangladesh, using information on household socioeconomic status collected in the 1974 census, and registration data on births, deaths and migrations for the period 1974–77 from the Demographic Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Occupation of household head was taken as a measure of socioeconomic status. Total fertility rates were analysed for three periods: pre-famine, famine and post-famine. Overall fertility declined due to the famine by 34%, but this was compensated partially by a 17% increase in the post-famine period. Fertility of women of all ages and socioeconomic groups was affected by the famine, a more pronounced effect being observed among the poor. Fertility showed a higher post-famine recovery among women in the middle socioeconomic groups and in those aged 25–34 years.

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae O139 persists in Dhaka, Bangladesh since 1993

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009721
Author(s):  
Irin Parvin ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid ◽  
Subhasish Das ◽  
Lubaba Shahrin ◽  
Mst. Mahmuda Ackhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O139 ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Background After a multi-country Asian outbreak of cholera due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 which started in 1992, it is rarely detected from any country in Asia and has not been detected from patients in Africa. Methodology/Principal findings We extracted surveillance data from the Dhaka and Matlab Hospitals of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) to review trends in isolation of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Bangladesh. Data from the Dhaka Hospital is a 2% sample of > 100,000 diarrhoeal patients treated annually. Data from the Matlab Hospital includes all diarrhoeal patients who hail from the villages included in the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Vibrio cholerae O139 was first isolated in Dhaka in 1993 and had been isolated every year since then except for a gap between 2005 and 2008. An average of thirteen isolates was detected annually from the Dhaka Hospital during the last ten years, yielding an estimated 650 cases annually at this hospital. During the last ten years, cases due to serogroup O139 represented 0.47% of all cholera cases; the others being due to serogroup O1. No cases with serogroup O139 were identified at Matlab since 2006. Clinical signs and symptoms of cholera due to serogroup O139 were similar to cases due to serogroup O1 though more of the O139 cases were not dehydrated. Most isolates of O139 remained sensitive to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, but they became resistant to erythromycin starting in 2009. Conclusions/Significance Cholera due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 continues to cause typical cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Socioeconomic status and fertility in rural Bangladesh

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shaikh ◽  
S. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Fertility Differentials ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Household Heads

SummaryUsing a unique set of birth registration data from the Demographic Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, for the period 1974–77, and socioeconomic information collected in the 1974 census, fertility was studied in relation to occupation, size of dwelling, number of cows and number of boats owned. The total fertility rate was found to vary between 6 and 6·5 except in the famine year of 1975. There was no consistent relationship between fertility and education of women. Fertility differentials by occupation showed that the household heads who were farm labourers had relatively lower fertility compared to other occupational groups, except for the year 1977 where the families of service holders were found to have relatively lower fertility. There was a consistent direct relationship between the dwelling size and fertility for each of the years.

scholarly journals Changing childhood malnutrition in Bangladesh: trends over the last two decades in urban–rural differentials (1993–2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1718-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumon Kumar Das ◽  
Mohammod Jobayer Chisti ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Malek ◽  
Jui Das ◽  
Mohammed Abdus Salam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Weight For Age

AbstractObjectiveThe present study determined trends in malnutrition among under-5 children in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.DesignSurveillance.SettingThe study was conducted in the urban Dhaka and the rural Matlab hospitals of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, where every fiftieth patient and all patients coming from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System were enrolled.SubjectsA total of 28 816 under-5 children were enrolled at Dhaka from 1993 to 2012 and 11 533 at Matlab between 2000 and 2012.ResultsIn Dhaka, 46 % of the children were underweight, 39 % were stunted and 28 % were wasted. In Matlab, the corresponding figures were 39 %, 31 % and 26 %, respectively. At Dhaka, 0·5 % of the children were overweight and obese when assessed by weight-for-age Z-score >+2·00, 1·4 % by BMI-for-age Z-score >+2·00 and 1·4 % by weight-for-height Z-score >+2·00; in Matlab the corresponding figures were 0·5 %, 1·4 % and 1·4 %, respectively. In Dhaka, the proportion of underweight, stunting and wasting decreased from 59 % to 28 % (a 53 % reduction), from 54 % to 22 % (59 % reduction) and from 33 % to 21 % (36 % reduction), respectively, between 1993 and 2012. In Matlab, these indicators decreased from 51 % to 27 % (a 47 % reduction), from 36 % to 25 % (31 % reduction) and from 34 % to 14 % (59 % reduction), respectively, from 2000 to 2012. On the other hand, the proportion of overweight (as assessed by BMI-for-age Z-score) increased significantly over the study period in both Dhaka (from 0·6 % to 2·6 %) and Matlab (from 0·8 % to 2·2 %).ConclusionsThe proportion of malnourished under-5 children has decreased gradually in both urban and rural Bangladesh; however, the reduction rates are not in line with meeting Millennium Development Goal 1. Trends for increasing childhood obesity have been noted during the study period as well.

scholarly journals Living Arrangement of Elderly in Haryana: A Case Study of District Rohtak

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Aruna Paarcha ◽  
Masood Ahsan Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich

In the present paper, we have analyzed the living arrangement of elderly in district Rohtak, Haryana. We have interviewed 500 elderly of different age groups in 2012. The study found that elderly is cared as about 90 per cent elderly stay in joint families. Not a single respondent male was living alone whereas 0.5 percent females in rural areas and 2.5 per cent in urban areas are living alone. The poor elderly are more satisfied than the rich elderly.

Geographical diversity in seasonality of major diarrhoeal pathogens in Bangladesh observed between 2010 and 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
pp. 2530-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. DAS ◽  
D. BEGUM ◽  
S. AHMED ◽  
F. FERDOUS ◽  
F. D. FARZANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
High Disease Burden

SUMMARYThe study aimed to determine the geographical diversity in seasonality of major diarrhoeal pathogens among 21 138 patients enrolled between 2010 and 2012 in two urban and two rural sites in Bangladesh under the surveillance system of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). Distinct patterns in seasonality were found for rotavirus diarrhoea which peaked in winter across the sites (December and January) and dipped during the rainy season (May) in urban Dhaka, August in Mirpur and July in Matlab, equated by time-series analysis using quasi-Poisson regression model. Significant seasonality for shigellosis was observed in Dhaka and rural Mirzapur. Cholera had robust seasonality in Dhaka and Matlab in the hot and rainy seasons. For enterotoxogenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) diarrhoea, clearly defined seasonality was observed in Dhaka (summer). Understanding the seasonality of such pathogens can improve case management with appropriate therapy, allowing policy-makers to identify periods of high disease burden.

scholarly journals Health insurance drop-out among adult population: findings from a study in a Health and demographic surveillance system in Northern Vietnam 2006–2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Van Minh ◽  
Tran Quynh Anh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Nga
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Poor Households

The coverage of health insurance as measured by enrollment rates has increased significantly in Vietnam. However, maintaining health insurance to the some groups such as the farmer, the borderline poor and informal workers, etc. has been very challenging. This paper examines the situation of health insurance drop-out among the adult population in sub-rural areas of Northern Vietnam from 2006 to 2013, and analyzes several socio-economic correlates of the health insurance drop-out situation. Data used in this paper were obtained from Health and Demographic Surveillance System located in Chi Linh district, an urbanizing area, in a northern province of Vietnam. Descriptive analyses were used to describe the level and distribution of the health insurance drop-out status. Multiple logistic regressions were used to assess associations between the health insurance drop-out status and the independent variables. A total of 32 561 adults were investigated. We found that the cumulative percentage of health insurance drop-out among the study participants was 21.2%. Health insurance drop-out rates were higher among younger age groups, people with lower education, and those who worked as small trader and other informal jobs, and belonged to the non-poor households. Given the findings, further attention toward health insurance among these special populations is needed.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status, Hypertension, Proteinuria and Glycosuria amongst the Women of Rural Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaila Ahmed ◽  
Masuda Mohsena ◽  
Sonia Shirin ◽  
Nargis Parvin ◽  
Niru Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Logistic Support ◽  
Almost All

Methods and materials - A rural community was purposively selected in Sreepur thana of which four villages were selected randomly. The total population of all age groups was 14,165 and the eligible reproductive aged females were 3,820 based on age between 15 and 45 years. Sample size was estimated at 573 (15%) of the eligible participants depending on the availability of time and logistic support. The study design was to use a questionnaire related to age, education, family income, housing and sanitation. Height (ht), weight (wt) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Urine protein was estimated. Clinical examinations noted the presence of anemia, jaundice, edema, ring-worm, scabies, goiter, xerophthalmia and gum bleeding. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to determine their obesity or wasting. Results - Overall, 501 volunteered and the response rate was 87.4%. Of these participants, 30.3% were illiterate. Almost all of them had supply of tube-well water and 68% had sanitary latrines. Their mean (±SD) age was 30.2 (±2.9)y, wt was 46 (±8.5)kg, ht was 149 (±5)cm and BMI was 20.5 (±3.5). The poor women had significantly lower BMI than the rich [20.0 (2.93) vs. 21.2 (4.1), (p<0.05)]. Their mean (±SD) systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 116 (±17) and 73 (±12) mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, proteinuria and glycosuria were 16.6, 10.4 and 2.6%, respectively. The frequencies of proteinuria and ring-worm were significantly higher among the poor than among the rich social class (both cases p<0.05). Regarding nutritional deficiency, about half of the rural women (52%) had some form of signs relating to Vit-A deficiency and 65% had signs of Vit-B complex deficiency either in the form of glossitis or of angular stomatitis or both. Conclusions - Despite time and logistic constraint, the study revealed that most of the rural women had a poor nutritional status (80% had BMI<23.0). The prevalence of hypertension and glycosuria were also not negligible. Vitamin deficiency disorders (xerophthalmia), gum-bleeding, angular stomatitis were also very high among them. The study also revealed that the poor social class had a significantly lower BMI, higher proteinuria and higher skin problems than their rich counterparts. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2008; 2(1): 21-24 Key Words: doi: 10.3329/imcj.v2i1.2927

scholarly journals Multilevel analysis of anemia levels among reproductive age groups of women in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212098737
Author(s):  
Enyew Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
The Rich

Introduction: Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin concentration falls below 11 g/dL. It impairs health and well-being in women and increases the risk of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. The availability of local information on the magnitude and associated factors has a major role in the management and control of anemia in women contributing to reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods: The purpose of this study was to see regional impacts and influencing factors related to the anemia among women in Ethiopia using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. The anemia level among women aged 15–49 years ( n = 5133) using the multilevel ordinal logistic regression model was analyzed. Results: In the study, 37.4% of women in Ethiopia had no anemia, above one-third percent (34.4%) of women had moderate anemia, and approximately 4% women’s anemia level was severe. The 27.1% of variation of anemia was due to between-region variations. The odds of being normal weight in the greater category of anemia level were 0.59 times less likely as compared to underweight women. The higher levels of anemia were increased by 2.31 for pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant women. Having work being in greater anemia levels was 0.88 times less likely as compared to had no work. Older women (35–49 years) in higher anemia levels were 2.1 times more likely as compared to younger women. The women living in the rural area being in the greater category anemia levels were 1.53 times more likely as compared to women living in the urban area. The higher level of anemia in the rich quintile was 0.72 times less likely to the higher level of anemia as compared in the poor quintile women. Conclusion: Pregnant women in Ethiopia are more exposed for the higher anemia level and women live in rural area have the greater anemia level.

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