Vices as Higher-level Evils

Utilitas ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hurka
Keyword(s):  
General Feature ◽  
Intrinsic Goodness ◽  
Intrinsic Values

This paper sketches an account of the intrinsic goodness of virtue and intrinsic evil of vice that can fit within a consequentialist framework. This ‘recursive account’ treats the virtues and vices as higher-level intrinsic values, ones that consist in, respectively, appropriate and inappropriate attitudes to other, lower-level values. After presenting the main general features of the account, the paper illustrates its strengths by showing how it illuminates a series of particular vices. In the course of doing so, it distinguishes between the categories of what it calls pure vices (such as malice), vices of indifference (such as callousness), and vices of disproportion (such as selfishness), and shows how each category is made vicious by a different general feature of the recursive account.

Why byloti dievop ‘speak to God’, but prašyti dieviep ‘ask God’?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 137-173
Author(s):  
Eglė Žilinskaitė-Šinkūnienė
Keyword(s):  
General Feature ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Usage

The paper aims to investigate the historical usage of two local cases, namely the Allative and the Adessive, governed by verba dicendi in Old Lithuanian. In Mikalojus Daukša’s Postil (1599) the Allative occurs with verbs of address and denotes the Addressee as a Goal of a verbal act. The Adessive, however, is governed by predicates of request and conveys the Source of a desired item. To verify whether this is part of Daukša’s idiolect or a general feature of Lithuanian at the beginning of its written period, the data from DP are compared to the texts of two other varieties of written Lithuanian of the 16th–17th century: Jonas Bretkūnas’ Postil (1591) and Konstantinas Sirvydas’ Punktay sakimu (two parts, 1629 and 1644). In order to explain the motivation for this usage, dialectal and typological data are used.  

Monetäre Bewertung von Ökosystemleistungen: eine kritische Sicht auf einige Kritiken (Essay)

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Elsasser
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Monetary Valuation ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Valuation Of Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Valuations

Monetary valuation of ecosystem services: a critical view of some critiques (essay) Diverse objections against the monetary valuation of ecosystem services are being raised in transdisciplinary discussions as well as in the scientific literature. The monetary valuation is said to overlook nature's intrinsic values, to infringe ethical norms, to narrow down perspectives to economic welfare alone, or even to nothing but material well-being, to stimulate the commercialisation of nature – conversely, others criticize that it fails exactly in this respect –, to favour social inequality, and to rely upon undependable methods. This essay questions the cogency of these criticisms and highlights some prejudices and misconceptions, often rooted in an erroneous understanding of the function of environmental valuations in the political decision process.

Kant against the Animals, Part 2

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Korsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Limits Of Knowledge

Opponents of Kant suppose he thinks that autonomy gives rational beings a special kind of intrinsic value. Since knowledge of intrinsic values would have to be a kind of metaphysical knowledge, this interpretation is contrary to Kant’s strictures on the limits of knowledge. Rather, Kant thinks that only rational beings can engage in reciprocal lawmaking, which is the source of moral laws. Animals cannot obligate us in the sense of participating in making laws for us. This, however, ignores a second sense in which we can have duties to animals: the laws we make for the treatment of people might also cover the treatment of animals. The chapter ends by explaining why it is hard to get this kind of conclusion using the universalization test.

A Peripatetic Argument for the Intrinsic Goodness of Human Life: Alexander of Aphrodisias' Ethical Problems I

Apeiron ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Echeñique
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Intrinsic Goodness ◽  
Alexander Of Aphrodisias

AbstractIn this article I argue for the thesis that Alexander's main argument, in Ethical Problems I, is an attempt to block the implication drawn by the Stoics and other ancient philosophers from the double potential of use exhibited by human life, a life that can be either well or badly lived. Alexander wants to resist the thought that this double potential of use allows the Stoics to infer that human life, in itself, or by its own nature, is neither good nor bad (what I call the Indifference Implication). Furthermore, I shall argue that Alexander's main argument establishes that human life, despite exhibiting a double potential of use, is by its own nature or intrinsically good. Finally, given that this is not a conclusion that the Stoics are likely to accept, I shall also contend that the argument should be regarded as conducted for the most part in foro interno, as a way of persuading the Peripatetics themselves of the falsity of the Indifference Implication, precisely because of the risk that such an implication be derived from their own theoretical framework.

A General Feature Paradigm for Unsupervised Cross-Domain PolSAR Image Classification

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rong Gui ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Zhaozhuo Xu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Classification ◽  
General Feature ◽  
Cross Domain

Forestry Policy and Legitimacy: The Case of Forest Devolution in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-862
Author(s):  
Thi Kim Phung Dang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Land Allocation ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Forestry Policy ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Livelihood Improvement ◽  
Research Findings

Although forest devolution has become a key strategy of forestry reforms to mobilise local resources for sustainable forest management, there is growing concern about the legitimacy of this strategy. There have been escalating disputes between forestry agencies and local people as to who receives the rights to forests. Examining the policy of forest land allocation in Vietnam helps us to understand this legitimacy issue. Research findings from three case studies show trade-offs between the two policies’ goals, environmental protection and livelihood improvement, due to locals’ low awareness of the intrinsic values of forests and their lack of knowledge regarding the policy.

scholarly journals Paired arrangement of kinetochores together with microtubule pivoting and dynamics drive kinetochore capture in meiosis I

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Cojoc ◽  
Ana-Maria Florescu ◽  
Alexander Krull ◽  
Anna H. Klemm ◽  
Nenad Pavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
General Feature ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Single Object ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Angular Movement ◽  
Spindle Microtubules ◽  
Meiosis I

Abstract Kinetochores are protein complexes on the chromosomes, whose function as linkers between spindle microtubules and chromosomes is crucial for proper cell division. The mechanisms that facilitate kinetochore capture by microtubules are still unclear. In the present study, we combine experiments and theory to explore the mechanisms of kinetochore capture at the onset of meiosis I in fission yeast. We show that kinetochores on homologous chromosomes move together, microtubules are dynamic and pivot around the spindle pole, and the average capture time is 3–4 minutes. Our theory describes paired kinetochores on homologous chromosomes as a single object, as well as angular movement of microtubules and their dynamics. For the experimentally measured parameters, the model reproduces the measured capture kinetics and shows that the paired configuration of kinetochores accelerates capture, whereas microtubule pivoting and dynamics have a smaller contribution. Kinetochore pairing may be a general feature that increases capture efficiency in meiotic cells.

Increases in dopamine metabolism are not a general feature of intracranial self-stimulation

Life Sciences ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1081-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Mitchell ◽  
N.M. Nicolaou ◽  
G.W. Arbuthnott ◽  
C.M. Yates
Keyword(s):  
General Feature ◽  
Dopamine Metabolism ◽  
Self Stimulation

Measuring Accounting Asset Informativeness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Chen ◽  
Katherine Schipper ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Important Determinant ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Empirical Measure ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Earnings Attributes ◽  
Validation Tests

We develop and validate an empirical measure of the informativeness of accounting assets in measuring firm-specific economic capital, an important determinant of both cash flows and intrinsic values. Our validation tests show that the asset informativeness measure is sensitive to differences in both accounting methods and implementation decisions at the firm level, and corresponds to the way equity investors use the information in accounting assets. We find that accounting assets contain substantial information about firms' productive capacity (economic capital) and the information is not summarized in several earnings attributes often associated with earnings quality.

Circadian organization of chitin in some insect skeletons

1965 ◽  
Vol s3-106 (76) ◽  
pp. 315-325
Author(s):  
A. C. NEVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
General Feature ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Actual Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Parallel Fibres ◽  
Astronomical Clock ◽  
Circadian Organization ◽  
Water Bugs

A circadian clock is shown to be involved in the control of macromolecular orientation of chitin by cells secreting and organizing insect endocuticle. Daily organization of locust endocuticle into alternating lamellate and non-lamellate layers persists in constant temperature (36° C) and constant darkness for at least 2 weeks; the freerunning period is then about 23 h, so that after a number of days the circadian clock is 180° out of phase with the astronomical clock, with which it is normally phased. The rhythm is almost independent of temperature, with a Q10 of 1.04, as contrasted with a Q10 of 2.0 for the actual rate of increase of endocuticular thickness. Locust epidermal cells differ in response to specific imposed environmental conditions according to their location in the integument. In some cells, constant low temperature uncouples chitin lamellogenesis from the circadian clock, provided that illumination (light or dark) is constant also: the result is continuously lamellate endocuticle. In other cells constant light acts as an uncoupling factor, provided that temperature (high or low) is constant also: the result in this case is continuously non-lamellate endocuticle. The circadian rhythm of chitin lamellogenesis persists in a cave cricket (Dolichopoda linderi). A similar circadian lamellogenesis rhythm occurs in the endocuticle of nymphs and adults of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. A crossed-fibre multiple-ply endocuticle in the legs and wings of giant toe-biter water bugs (Belosto-matidae) also displays circadian organization, the chitin macromolecules in any one layer lying in parallel fibres, at an angle of approximately 6o° to those in the next layer. It is suggested that daily organization of the skeleton may be a general feature of arthropods. Examples include the phenomena of timing of chitin lamellogenesis; chitin crossed-fibrillar organization; degree of fluorescence of the rubber-like protein resilin; and mineralization of crayfish gastroliths.

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