Multiple vectors of unidirectional dialect change in eastern New England

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Stanford ◽  
Nathan A. Severance ◽  
Kenneth P. Baclawski
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Northern New England

AbstractTraditional eastern New England (ENE) dialect features are rapidly receding in many parts of northern New England. Because this ENE shift involves seven different phonological features, it provides a prime opportunity to explore different rates of change across multiple linguistic variables at the same time in the same social setting. The present study is the first acoustic sociophonetic investigation of central New Hampshire, and it is based on new field data from 51 adult speakers. Results show that young generations are discarding many traditional ENE pronunciations in favor of leveled, nonregional forms, yet the changes are affecting some variables more quickly than others. Many distinctive traditional ENE variants (nonrhotic speech, intrusive-r, fronted father, “broad-a” in bath) are quickly receding, while others (fronted start and hoarse/horse distinction) are somewhat more conservative, being “overshadowed” by the presence of (r) as a variable within the same syllable. We frame our apparent-time analysis in terms of Sankoff's (2013a) notion of “age vectors” and Labov's (2012) “outward orientation” of the language faculty, illustrating how different generations are juggling multiple age vectors within the same overall shift, and how one variable can overshadow another variable within the same syllable.

scholarly journals Impact of Farmers Home Administration's Future Policies on Northern New England Dairymen

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Sherrill B. Nott ◽  
Laura Calub
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Northern New England ◽  
Farmers Home Administration ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Home Administration

Individuals working with farmers in the Northern New England States of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont have claimed that the Farmers Home Administration has increased non-farm loans, while deliberately curtailing new farm loan activities and reducing the service on existing farm loans. If these allegations are true, it is important for the Northern New England agri-business sector to consider the future implications. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of future policy alternatives available to the Farmers Home Administration on the region's dairy farms.

Tracking Recent DDT Contamination in a Northern New England Watershed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda May ◽  
Lisa Doner ◽  
Jeremiah Duncan ◽  
Stephen Hill
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Daughter Product ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Northern New England ◽  
Lake Deposits

Abstract Ecological research since 2005 into potential causes of declines in loon population at Squam Lake, New Hampshire, U.S.A., revealed multiple potential causes, but no particular source of contaminants. In 2017, tributary sediment analyses revealed specific sub-watersheds transporting contaminants to the lake (Vogel, 2019). For this study, from 2018 to 2020, we used an approach to this problem that allowed for rapid source area determination of DDT using soil and sediment analyses. We find modern presence of p,p’ isomers of DDT and DDE within the Bennett Brook sub-watershed, arising from 60-year-old orchard applications and a former barn. Highest concentrations, 723 μg/kg p,p’ DDT and 721 μg/kg p,p’ DDE, occur near the barn’s foundation rubble. DDT exceeds that of the daughter product, DDE, in some of the sub-watershed’s soils, including but not limited to the barn site. In the soils where DDT>DDE, we infer delayed breakdown of DDT. DDT<DDE occurs in the streambed and lake deposits, as well as some soils. A Pb-210 dated sediment core, collected near the outlet of Bennet Brook, shows continuous accumulation of the daughter products, DDE and DDD, from 1951 to the present. Residuals are derived from multiple sources within the sub-watershed, including orchard soils, the barn site, and sediment accumulations in the stream. These DDT residues fall below mandatory soil remediation levels for the State of New Hampshire, but exceed some sediment quality guidelines for protection of aquatic life. Bioaccumulation of p,p’ DDE is evident in crayfish that reside in Bennett Brook.

scholarly journals Varve, paleomagnetic, and 14 C Chronologies for late Pleistocene events in New Hampshire and Vermont (U.S.A.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Ridge ◽  
Mark R. Bensonen ◽  
Marc Brochu ◽  
Sarah L. Brown ◽  
Jamie W. Callahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Varve Chronology ◽  
Northern New England ◽  
Connecticut Valley

Abstract A deglacial chronology for northern New England has been formulated using an atmospheric 14 C calibration of the New England Varve Chronology and paleomagnetic records. This 14 C chronology is based on 14 C ages from macrofossils of non-aquatic plants and is about 1 500 yr younger than existing chronologies that are based primarily on 14 C ages of bulk organic samples. The lower and upper Connecticut Valley varve sequences of Ernst Antevs (NE varves 2 701-6 352 and 6 601-8 500) overlap (lower 6 012 = upper 6 601) based on their crudely matching varve records and their similar paleomagnetic records. Three 14 C ages at Canoe Brook, Vermont (NE varve 6 150 = 12.3 14C ka) calibrate the lower Con necticut Valley sequence. New AMS and con ventional 14 C ages on woody twigs from Newbury, Vermont calibrate the upper se quence from 11.6-10.4 14 C ka (NE varves 7 440-8 660) and are consistent with the over lapping varve and paleomagnetic records, and the Canoe Brook 14 C ages. Deglaciation of the Connecticut Valley in southern Vermont began at 12.6 14 C ka (15.2 cal ka) and the Littleton-Bethlehem Readvance in northern New Hampshire and Vermont reached its maximum at11.9-11.8 14 C ka (14.0-13.9 cal ka) followed by recession of ice into Québec at about 11.5 14 C ka (13.4 cal ka). A lake persisted in the upper Connecticut Valley until at least 10.4 14 C ka (12.3 cal ka) and may have been seen by the first humans in the area.

Ages of some intrusive rocks of southwestern Maine, U.S.A.

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1350-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri E. Gaudette ◽  
Adam Kovach ◽  
Arthur M. Hussey II
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Minimum Time ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Zircon Age ◽  
Granite Pluton ◽  
Intrusive Rocks ◽  
Igneous Activity ◽  
Northern New England

Whole-rock Rb–Sr and U–Pb zircon age measurements on intrusive rocks in southwestern Maine indicate igneous activity at 400, 340, and 320 Ma. These plutonic rocks were emplaced into deformed Ordovician to Devonian(?) (and perhaps Hadrynian) rocks of the Shapleigh and Merrimack Groups. Folding of the Shapleigh and Merrimack Group rocks is interpreted to have occurred during the Acadian event, or before. The [Formula: see text] age of the Webhannet pluton in southwestern Maine sets a minimum time for Acadian deformation in this region.The 320 Ma age of the Lyman two-mica granite pluton of this study coupled with the reported ages of the Milford two-mica granite (275 Ma) and Lake Sunapee two-mica granite (323 Ma) of New Hampshire suggests a spectrum of Hercynian igneous activity in northern New England similar to that of the well established Hercynian intrusive events in the southern Appalachians and western Europe.

Macroinfauna of northern New England marine sand. I. The biology of Mancocuma stellifera Zimmer, 1943 (Crustacea: Cumacea)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1011-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Gnewuch ◽  
R. A. Croker
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Copulatory Behavior ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Marine Sand ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Northern New England

Mancocuma stellifera is found in nearshore subtidal sands from the Gulf of St. Lawrence south to Cape Ann. Massachusetts, with abundance as high as 4000/0.1 m2 in coastal New Hampshire habitats. The species has two generations yearly, with maximum recruitment during June and early fall. Pre-copulatory behavior with opposed orientation of the sexes is unique for the Cumacea. Seasonal distribution data from New Hampshire and Maine to a depth of 7 m below MLW level showed over 90% of the population shallower than the 4-m depth, and abundance maxima at 1–2 m. Manca stages and older juveniles made up most of the population at 5- to 7-m depths during summer months, with manca stages the predominant life stage in night surf plankton tows during peak recruitment. SCUBA and laboratory observations indicated that the species burrows in superficial sand where it is an epistrate and detritus feeder.

scholarly journals Use of Cervid Serosurveys to Monitor Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Activity in Northern New England, United States, 2009–2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Paul Mutebi ◽  
Abigail A Mathewson ◽  
Susan P Elias ◽  
Sara Robinson ◽  
Alan C Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Eastern Equine Encephalitis ◽  
Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Northern New England

Abstract Vertebrate surveillance for eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) activity usually focuses on three types of vertebrates: horses, passerine birds, and sentinel chicken flocks. However, there is a variety of wild vertebrates that are exposed to EEEV infections and can be used to track EEEV activity. In 2009, we initiated a pilot study in northern New England, United States, to evaluate the effectiveness of using wild cervids (free-ranging white-tailed deer and moose) as spatial sentinels for EEEV activity. In Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont during 2009–2017, we collected blood samples from hunter-harvested cervids at tagging stations and obtained harvest location information from hunters. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention processed the samples for EEEV antibodies using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs). We detected EEEV antibodies in 6 to 17% of cervid samples in the different states and mapped cervid EEEV seropositivity in northern New England. EEEV antibody-positive cervids were the first detections of EEEV activity in the state of Vermont, in northern Maine, and northern New Hampshire. Our key result was the detection of the antibodies in areas far outside the extent of documented wild bird, mosquito, human case, or veterinary case reports of EEEV activity in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. These findings showed that cervid (deer and moose) serosurveys can be used to characterize the geographic extent of EEEV activity, especially in areas with low EEEV activity or with little or no EEEV surveillance. Cervid EEEV serosurveys can be a useful tool for mapping EEEV activity in areas of North America in addition to northern New England.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Distribution and Temporal Trends of Grade and Stage in Urothelial Bladder Cancer in Northern New England from 1994 to 2004

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Schned ◽  
Petra Lenz ◽  
Lee E. Moore ◽  
Alison Johnson ◽  
Michael Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urothelial Carcinomas ◽  
Northern New England

We investigate the distribution of bladder tumor category and stage in Northern New England by geographic region, smoking status, and over time. 1091 incident bladder cancer cases from the New England Bladder Cancer Study (NEBCS), a large population-based case-control study carried out in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont (2001–2004) and 680 bladder cancer cases from previous case-control studies in New Hampshire (1994–2000) were used in the analysis. Of 1091 incident bladder cancer cases from the NEBCS, 26.7% of tumors were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), 26.8% low-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas (PUC-LG), 31.3% high-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas (PUC-HG), 9.1% nonpapillary urothelial carcinomas (non-PUC), and 4.3% carcinoma in situ (CIS). Approximately 70% of cases were noninvasive (Tis/Ta), and all PUNLMP cases were of the Ta category. By contrast, half of all PUC-HG carcinomas were invasive. Short-term time trend analysis within the NEBCS (2001–2004) indicated an increase in the percentage of PUNLMP (P-trend <0.0001) paralleled by a decrease in PUC-LG (P-trend = 0.02) and for PUC-LG an increase in the percentage of non-invasive tumors (P-trend 0.04). Our findings suggest possible short-term trends with an increase in the percentage of PUNLMP and a change in the percentage of PUC-LG towards non-invasive disease.

Fieldwork Results from Northeastern New England

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-234
Author(s):  
James N. Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Social ◽  
Northern New England ◽  
Combined Data

This is the first of two chapters (Chapters 8 and 9) that present the Dartmouth-based fieldwork results from northern New England. Chapter 8 provides a graphical and statistical analysis of the combined data set from central New Hampshire and Maine. This chapter shows that many traditional New England dialect features are receding in northeastern New England, and analyzes the social and phonological factors that play a role in these changes.

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