Identity formation in suicidal and nonsuicidal youth: The role of self-continuity

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Ball ◽  
Michael Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychiatrically Hospitalized ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Normal Identity ◽  
Special Risk

AbstractAdolescents attempt to end their own lives with greater frequency than do either younger or older persons. The aim of this study was to provide a developmental account of this anomaly by examining the contrastive ways in which suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents reason about their own personal continuity through time. Drawing upon an earlier program of normative research into the links between a maturing sense of personal continuity and the development of a sense of commitment to the future, and capitalizing on recent methodologic advances in the study of young persons' maturing sense of self-continuity, a series of comparisons were made between 30 psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents, at varying degrees of risk to suicide, and a matched control group of their nonsuicidal agemates. The results of this study show that, while almost all of the hospitalized adolescents evidenced some degree of developmental immaturity in their attempts to reason about their own identity across time, the high-risk suicidal group was unique in their special inability to locate any grounds upon which to justify their own continuity through time. These findings are interpreted in terms of their relevance for understanding both the normal identity formation process, and for the diagnosis and treatment of adolescents at special risk to suicide.

The Role of Memory in Processing Relative Clauses in Children With Specific Language Impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Frizelle ◽  
Paul Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Almost All

Purpose This study investigated the relationship between 2 components of memory—phonological short-term memory (pSTM) and working memory (WM)—and the control of relative clause constructions in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Method Children with SLI and 2 control groups—an age-matched and a younger group of children with typical development—repeated sentences, including relative clauses, representing 5 syntactic roles and 2 levels of matrix clause complexity. The Working Memory Test Battery for Children was administered. Results All 3 groups showed significant associations between pSTM and both types of matrix clause construction. For children with SLI, significant associations emerged between (a) WM and more complex matrix clause constructions, (b) WM and relative clauses including a range of syntactic roles, and (c) pSTM and the least difficult syntactic role. In contrast, the age-matched control group could repeat almost all syntactic roles without invoking the use of either memory component. Conclusions The role of pSTM and WM in the production of relative clauses by children with SLI is influenced by the degree of difficulty of the structure to be recalled. In therapy, the effect of WM limitations can be minimized by approaching each structure within the context of a simple matrix clause.

Shoplifting in the Mentally Ill: The role of bipolar affective disorder and mental retardation

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S Y Cheng ◽  
Candy Lin ◽  
Marcella L Y Fok ◽  
Chi-Ming Leung
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
University Department

This study explores shoplifting behaviour in mentally ill patients, and evaluates the association between shoplifting and different mental illnesses in a local Chinese population. A comparison is made between shoplifting offenders and a matched control group of non-offenders among the psychiatric patients registered at a university department of psychiatry. Major depression, bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and mental retardation (MR) are the most common diagnoses among mentally ill shoplifters, while patients with a diagnosis of BAD or MR are at higher risk of committing an offence than patients with other diagnoses. Bipolar affective disorder has not been described as a risk factor for shoplifting behaviour in the psychiatric literature. Such a possibility should be seriously considered in the psychiatric assessment of shoplifting cases.

scholarly journals Prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions using striae gravidarum and scar characteristics in women undergoing repeated cesarean sections

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elprince ◽  
Omima T. Taha ◽  
Zakia M. Ibrahim ◽  
Rasha E. Khamees ◽  
Mahmoud A. Greash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cesarean Scar ◽  
Intraperitoneal Adhesions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The current fact of increasing rates of cesarean deliveries is a catastrophe. Recurrent cesareans result in intraperitoneal adhesions that would lead to maternal morbidity during delivery. Great efforts are directed towards the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions to provide the best care for laboring women. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of abdominal striae and cesarean scar characters in the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions. Methods This was a case- control study conducted in the emergency ward of the obstetrics and gynecology department of a tertiary hospital from June to December 2019. The study was carried on patients admitted to the ward fulfilling particular inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study included two groups, group one was assessed for the presence of striae, and the degree of intraperitoneal adhesions was evaluated during the current cesarean section. Group two included patients without evidence of abdominal striae. They were evaluated for the severity of adhesions also after evaluation of the previous scar. Evaluation of the striae was done using Davey’s scoring system. The scar was assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale. The modified Nair’s scoring system was used to evaluate intraperitoneal adhesions. Results The study group included 203 women, while the control group included 205 women. There were significant differences in the demographic characters of the recruited patients (p-value 0.001 for almost all variables). The mean Davey score in those with mild, moderate, and severe striae was 1.82 ± 0.39, 3.57 ± 0.5, and 6.73 ± 0.94, respectively (p-value < 0.001). Higher scores for the parameters of the Vancouver scale were present in patients with severe striae (1.69 ± 1.01, 1.73 ± 0.57, 2.67 ± 1.23, and 1.35 ± 1.06 for scar vascularity, pigmentation, pliability, and height respectively with a p-value of < 0.001 each). Thick intraperitoneal adhesions were noted significantly in women with severe striae [21 (43.75%), p-value < 0.001)]. The Davey’s and Vancouver scores showed highly significant predictive performance in the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion Abdominal striae and cesarean scar were significant predictors for intraperitoneal adhesions.

scholarly journals Prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions using striae gravidarum and scar characteristics in women undergoing repeated cesarean sections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elprince ◽  
Omima Tharwat Taha ◽  
rasha khamees ◽  
khaled atwa ◽  
Ahmed gadallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cesarean Scar ◽  
Intraperitoneal Adhesions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: The current fact of increasing rates of cesarean deliveries is a catastrophe. Recurrent cesareans result in intraperitoneal adhesions that would lead to maternal morbidity during delivery. Great efforts are directed towards the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions to provide the best care for laboring women. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of abdominal striae and cesarean scar characters in the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions.Methods: This was a case- control study conducted in the emergency ward of the obstetrics and gynecology department of a tertiary hospital from June to December 2019. The study was carried on patients admitted to the ward fulfilling particular inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study included two groups, group one was assessed for the presence of striae, and the degree of intraperitoneal adhesions was evaluated during the current cesarean section. Group two included patients without evidence of abdominal striae. They were evaluated for the severity of adhesions also after evaluation of the previous scar. Evaluation of the striae was done using Davey's scoring system. The scar was assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale. The modified Nair's scoring system was used to evaluate intraperitoneal adhesions.Results: The study group included 203 women, while the control group included 205 women. There were significant differences in the demographic characters of the recruited patients (p-value 0.001 for almost all variables). The mean Davey score in those with mild, moderate, and severe striae was 1.82 ± 0.39, 3.57 ± 0.5, and 6.73 ± 0.94, respectively (p-value <0.001). Higher scores for the parameters of the Vancouver scale were present in patients with severe striae (1.69 ± 1.01, 1.73 ± 0.57, 2.67 ± 1.23, and 1.35 ± 1.06 for scar vascularity, pigmentation, pliability, and height respectively with a p-value of <0.001 each). Thick intraperitoneal adhesions were noted significantly in women with severe striae [21 (43.75%), p-value <0.001)]. The Davey's and Vancouver scores showed highly significant predictive performance in the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions (p-value < 0.001).Conclusion: Abdominal striae and cesarean scar were significant predictors for intraperitoneal adhesions.

scholarly journals Analysis of stable chromosome aberrations, revealed with FISH-method in veterans of special risk troops

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Irina E Vorobcova ◽  
Natalia E Lubimova ◽  
A A Perova ◽  
Aleksey V Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
Dose Irradiation ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Special Risk

The frequency of stable chromosomal aberrations, detected by FISH, was found to be significantly higher in group of persons undergone low-dose irradiation (Semipalatinsk, Novaya Zemlya, South Ural) as compared to age-matched control group. The age accumulation of a stable chromosome aberrations in an age range 45-76 years was more expressed in exposed group than in control one

DOZ047.54: Fundoplication outcomes in children with esophageal atresia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Chung ◽  
M van Lennep ◽  
R Saoji ◽  
A Jiwane ◽  
M W N Oomen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postoperative Dysphagia ◽  
Long Gap ◽  
Type C ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background In esophageal atresia (EA) patients, cumulative risk of having a fundoplication ranges from 0% to 45%, with long gap patients with recurrent strictures at even higher risk. However, there are no controlled trials evaluating the outcomes postfundoplication. We hypothesized that children with EA undergoing fundoplication will suffer from more postoperative dysphagia compared to non-EA patients as the fundoplication increases the resistance to esophageal bolus flow, which is already hampered by abnormal motility. Aims Our study aimed to compare outcomes in EA patients with age- and sex-matched control patients postfundoplication. Methods This was an international multicenter retrospective cohort study. All EA patients who had fundoplication between 2006 and 2017 during this period were included. Data were also collected from age- and sex-matched children without EA who underwent fundoplication. Results A total of 40 EA patients had fundoplication during this period. Of the EA patients 82.5% were type C, and 82.5% were long gap. Table 1 compares EA patients with controls. Significantly more EA patients were failing to thrive, on nasogastric/gastrostomy feeds at time of surgery and needed gastrostomy placement at time of fundoplication compared to controls. A total of 17.5% of EA patients developed infection and 22.5% a leak postfundoplication. EA patients had postoperative dysphagia and oral aversion significantly more often than controls. Of 90% of EA patients had recurrence of gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms, 35% had recurrent strictures, 5% had a new diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis postfundoplication. Median time to symptom recurrence was 64 days (12–165 days), 90% were back on PPI and 7.5% had redofundoplication. Conclusions Our study is the first to examine postfundoplication outcomes in EA patients and compare these with a matched control group. EA patients had significantly more dysphagia and oral aversion postfundoplication and majority were back on PPI within two months of surgery. Based on these data, the role of fundoplication in EA patients should be reconsidered. Prospective data are urgently needed.

The Role of Nonprofessional Persons in Teaching Language Skills to Mentally Retarded Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Guess ◽  
James O. Smith ◽  
E. Eugene Ensminger
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language Training ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children

This study reviews a 2 year research project in which two former psychiatric aides were trained to serve as language developmentalists for small groups of institutionalized severely retarded children. Forty children participating in the program were compared with a matched control group on variables of IQ, language age, and social quotient. Children attending language classes met daily for approximately one hour. They were taught from the Peabody Language Development Kits and a series of lessons developed during the project. Results showed significantly greater language scores made by the language training group. IQ score increases were equivocal, but again favored those children attending language classes.

scholarly journals Induction of complete courtship ritual in Amblyomma cajennense using 2,6-dichlorophenol at female-equivalent quantities

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Kiriira Gachoka ◽  
Lorena Lopes Ferreira ◽  
Carla Cristina Braz Louly ◽  
Lígia Miranda Ferreira Borges
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Amblyomma Cajennense ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sexually Mature

In order to clarify the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) in the courtship of Amblyomma cajennense, sexually mature males that had previously fed on rabbits were tested in bioassays. The males were released onto dummies treated with whole female extract or synthetic 2,6-DCP at a concentration of two female equivalents, or with hexane (control), and their responses were observed. In the presence of both the extract and 2,6-DCP, excitation was observed among the males, expressed in the form of touching and probing the dummy, and mounting occurred readily. The percentages of mounting (73%) and tipping over (60%) were equal in the two treatments and higher than in the control group (27 and 20%, respectively). Relatively short durations of mounting were recorded, and these were statistically similar in all treatments. Almost all instances of mounting resulted in tipping-over behavior. A few isolated cases of males that went directly to ventral positioning without mounting were observed. It was confirmed that 2,6-DCP alone is capable of mediation of mounting behavior in A. cajennense.

scholarly journals Identity Formation among Teenagers: The Role of Training Camp

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Nikraftar
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Camp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of jihadi camps on the identity formation of teenagers in Iran. Seventy-six campers participated in the study and were randomly divided into control (n = 42) and experimental groups (n =34). The control group does not follow the camp’s regular program while the experimental group attended to the camp’s regular program. All participants completed the Dellas Identity Status Inventory (DISI) (Dellas and Jernigan, 1987); this questionnaire consists of two subscales of achiever: commitment and exploration. The results revealed statistically significant differences on the experimental and nonexperimental group, in two specific attitude subscales. These findings imply that participation in this particular camp can have a positive influence on teenagers’ professional Identity.

Ventriculostomy for the treatment of acute hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Kusske ◽  
Paul T. Turner ◽  
George A. Ojemann ◽  
A. Basil Harris
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acute Hydrocephalus ◽  
Definitive Surgery

✓ The role of ventriculostomy in the treatment of acute hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage from intracranial aneurysms is evaluated. Eleven patients treated with an external ventricular drain are compared to a matched control series of untreated patients. Improvement occurred in eight of the 11 treated patients and in only one of the nine patients in the control group. Seven of the patients in the ventriculostomy series improved sufficiently to justify definitive surgery. There were no infections. In 50% of the surviving ventriculostomy patients, permanent shunts were unnecessary. Our data emphasize the deleterious effects of hydrocephalus in the acute period following a subarachnoid hemorrhage and suggest that it may be treated effectively by external ventriculostomy.

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