scholarly journals Prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions using striae gravidarum and scar characteristics in women undergoing repeated cesarean sections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elprince ◽  
Omima Tharwat Taha ◽  
rasha khamees ◽  
khaled atwa ◽  
Ahmed gadallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cesarean Scar ◽  
Intraperitoneal Adhesions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: The current fact of increasing rates of cesarean deliveries is a catastrophe. Recurrent cesareans result in intraperitoneal adhesions that would lead to maternal morbidity during delivery. Great efforts are directed towards the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions to provide the best care for laboring women. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of abdominal striae and cesarean scar characters in the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions.Methods: This was a case- control study conducted in the emergency ward of the obstetrics and gynecology department of a tertiary hospital from June to December 2019. The study was carried on patients admitted to the ward fulfilling particular inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study included two groups, group one was assessed for the presence of striae, and the degree of intraperitoneal adhesions was evaluated during the current cesarean section. Group two included patients without evidence of abdominal striae. They were evaluated for the severity of adhesions also after evaluation of the previous scar. Evaluation of the striae was done using Davey's scoring system. The scar was assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale. The modified Nair's scoring system was used to evaluate intraperitoneal adhesions.Results: The study group included 203 women, while the control group included 205 women. There were significant differences in the demographic characters of the recruited patients (p-value 0.001 for almost all variables). The mean Davey score in those with mild, moderate, and severe striae was 1.82 ± 0.39, 3.57 ± 0.5, and 6.73 ± 0.94, respectively (p-value <0.001). Higher scores for the parameters of the Vancouver scale were present in patients with severe striae (1.69 ± 1.01, 1.73 ± 0.57, 2.67 ± 1.23, and 1.35 ± 1.06 for scar vascularity, pigmentation, pliability, and height respectively with a p-value of <0.001 each). Thick intraperitoneal adhesions were noted significantly in women with severe striae [21 (43.75%), p-value <0.001)]. The Davey's and Vancouver scores showed highly significant predictive performance in the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions (p-value < 0.001).Conclusion: Abdominal striae and cesarean scar were significant predictors for intraperitoneal adhesions.

scholarly journals Prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions using striae gravidarum and scar characteristics in women undergoing repeated cesarean sections

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elprince ◽  
Omima T. Taha ◽  
Zakia M. Ibrahim ◽  
Rasha E. Khamees ◽  
Mahmoud A. Greash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cesarean Scar ◽  
Intraperitoneal Adhesions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The current fact of increasing rates of cesarean deliveries is a catastrophe. Recurrent cesareans result in intraperitoneal adhesions that would lead to maternal morbidity during delivery. Great efforts are directed towards the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions to provide the best care for laboring women. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of abdominal striae and cesarean scar characters in the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions. Methods This was a case- control study conducted in the emergency ward of the obstetrics and gynecology department of a tertiary hospital from June to December 2019. The study was carried on patients admitted to the ward fulfilling particular inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study included two groups, group one was assessed for the presence of striae, and the degree of intraperitoneal adhesions was evaluated during the current cesarean section. Group two included patients without evidence of abdominal striae. They were evaluated for the severity of adhesions also after evaluation of the previous scar. Evaluation of the striae was done using Davey’s scoring system. The scar was assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale. The modified Nair’s scoring system was used to evaluate intraperitoneal adhesions. Results The study group included 203 women, while the control group included 205 women. There were significant differences in the demographic characters of the recruited patients (p-value 0.001 for almost all variables). The mean Davey score in those with mild, moderate, and severe striae was 1.82 ± 0.39, 3.57 ± 0.5, and 6.73 ± 0.94, respectively (p-value < 0.001). Higher scores for the parameters of the Vancouver scale were present in patients with severe striae (1.69 ± 1.01, 1.73 ± 0.57, 2.67 ± 1.23, and 1.35 ± 1.06 for scar vascularity, pigmentation, pliability, and height respectively with a p-value of < 0.001 each). Thick intraperitoneal adhesions were noted significantly in women with severe striae [21 (43.75%), p-value < 0.001)]. The Davey’s and Vancouver scores showed highly significant predictive performance in the prediction of intraperitoneal adhesions (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion Abdominal striae and cesarean scar were significant predictors for intraperitoneal adhesions.

scholarly journals A Prospective Randomised Case Control Study on the Role of Probiotics in Controlling Chronic Kidney Disease Progression

2021 ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
A. Sai Keshava Reddy ◽  
P. Dhana Lakshmi ◽  
N. Hima Bindu ◽  
R. E. Ugandar ◽  
Y. Sai Vani
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Progression ◽  
Kidney Disease Progression ◽  
Control Study

Aim:  To study the role of probiotics in controlling chronic kidney disease progression. Sample: To correlate renal parameters like creatinine, urea, uric acid, PCR in patients with chronic kidney disease. Study Design: It is a Prospective case control study Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Nephrology, Santhiram Medical college and General Hospital, between December 2020 – May 2021. Methodology: We included 150 patients with chronic kidney disease from in and out patient departments. In this study patients are divided into two groups; case and control group. Control group is treated with normal conventional therapy whereas the case group is treated with conventional therapy along with probiotics. The lab parameters like creatinine, PCR, urea, uric acid were analyzed before and after the therapy in both groups. Results: The lab parameters were analyzed by paired student`s t- test and the p value of these parameters were found to be in control group creatinine ranges from (4.42+/- 2.84 to 3.54+/- 2.73) and in case/ interventional group creatinine ranges from (5.13+/-2.43 to 2.29+/-1.57) shows <0.001. It shows significant improvement in these parameters in both control and case group. CKD stages were analyzed by Chi- square test, the p value of CKD stages in case group was found to be <0.0001 and in control group it was found to be 0.03. Conclusion: It shows that there is significant improvement is found in both interventional (case) and non-interventional (control) groups. But more betterment is observed in case group than in control group. Hence probiotics are used as a natural bio-treatment to control the progression of CKD and improves the quality of life.

scholarly journals Role of Antihelminthic Drug and Health Education in Reducing Helminthic Infestation Rate Among the Rural Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Md Mostaque Hossain Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Control Study

Intestinal Helminthiasis is one of the major causes of childhood malnutrition in Bangladeshi rural children. This case control study was undertaken to observe the comparative role of antihelminthic drug and Health Education in reducing the Incidence rate of helminthic infestation in rural primary school children. Three Primary schools were selected in different union of Dhamoirhat thana in Naogaon district. Saline preparation of stool of all students in three schools were done in first week of May, August and November 1997 blindly. Tablet Mebendazole was given only to the students with positive finding of stool for helminthic ova in first school (D R School). After each examinations, health education was conducted in the second school (H E School) one hour weekly since the beginning of the study irrespective of findings and no intervention was done in the third school (C O School) taken as control group. Quarter yearly (in three months) incidence rate in D R School were 8.1% and 8.3%, in H E School were 14.5% and 23.5% and in C O School were 9.1% and 18.3% (in population at risk) in the study. Analysis shows the significant role of anti helminthic drug in reducing the incidence rate besides the prevalence than health education (P value 0.0007). Recommendation was made to continue the mass deworming program as it reduces the reservoirs despite the environmental factors sufficiently enough for transmission of the disease in Bangladesh perspective. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v14i2.8389 TAJ 2001; 14(2): 70-73

scholarly journals SENILE CATARACT PATIENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (09) ◽  
pp. 1186-1191
Author(s):  
Aniqa Mansoor ◽  
Roquyya Gul ◽  
Tayyaba Gul Malik ◽  
Muhammad Khalil ◽  
Rabail Alam
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Senile Cataract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Serum Chloride ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Cataract Patients

Purpose: The current study was aimed at finding out the significance of serumelectrolytes and serum calcium levels in the development of senile cataract. Study Design:Case control study. Setting: Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Period: Jan2013 to June 2013. Methods: Total fifty patients with senile cataract and fifty controls wereselected. Clinical history and clinical diagnostic tests were performed by an ophthalmologist.Blood samples were drawn and serum stored at -20o C. Serum potassium and sodiumwere measured by Flame photometry. Serum chloride levels were estimated by quantitativedisplacement of thiocyanate by chloride. The estimation of calcium was done using photometryby CPC method. Statistical analysis was done by Statistical package for social sciences (SPSSversion 16.0). There were 31 females and 19 male (F:M = 1.63:1) patients. In the control group,there were 32 females and 18 males (F:M = 1.77:1). The age was ≥ 40 years in both patientsand control group. Results: Nuclear cataract was the commonest. Among all the analytes,only serum calcium levels were found to be significantly lower in patients (p value less than0.05 as compared to controls). While difference of sodium, potassium and chloride levelsbetween cases and controls was insignificant. (p values 0.49, 0.36, and 0.45 respectively).Conclusions: In Pakistan, serum electrolytes in cataract patients are not significantly differentfrom the controls while serum Calcium of cataract patients is significantly low when comparedwith the control group, indicating the possible role of low calcium level as a risk factor in thedevelopment of senile cataract.

The Estimation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in patients with prostatitis by fully automated ELISA technique.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Hussein Naeem Aldhaheri ◽  
Ihsan Edan AlSaimary ◽  
Murtadha Mohammed ALMusafer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
And Control

      The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of  Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. This study shows the effect of PSA level in patients with prostatitis and control group, with P-value <0.0001 therefore the study shows a positive significant between elevated PSA levels and Prostatitis.

scholarly journals Effect of Probiotics on Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Sadeghi-Shabestari ◽  
Yalda Jabbari Moghaddam ◽  
Hasan Rezapoor ◽  
Mojataba Sohrabpour
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Oral Corticosteroids ◽  
And Control

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common diseases in the world and affects about 10-50% of the general population. Probiotics are live microorganisms that help the normal state of the intestine, and if prescribed correctly, they can stimulate the mucosal immune system to prevent inflammatory symptoms of allergy and atopy. The present study aims to investigate the role of probiotics in the treatment of AR when added to standard therapy as adjuvant agents. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 28 patients older than 15 years with AR randomly divided into probiotics and control groups. The probiotics group received standard therapy for AR accompanied by probiotic capsules every 12 hours for eight weeks, whereas the control group received standard therapy for AR with placebo capsules as the same protocol. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and, the P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the probiotics group, 14.3% of patients had sneezing at the baseline, which significantly decreased to 4.6% (P<0.01). Also, the necessity for nasal and oral corticosteroids after treatment with probiotics in the probiotics group was less than the control group (P<0.01). Although cough, nasal discharge, conchae hypertrophy, and night sleep disorders reduced after treatment with probiotics, this reduction was not statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusion: Based on the results of this clinical trial, the use of probiotics had no significant effect on the outcome of patients with AR. [GMJ.2020;9:e1918] 

scholarly journals The correlation between family smoking habits and mosquito coils use with pneumonia incidences in toddlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Wiwin Winarsih ◽  
Wiwik Kusumawati ◽  
Anjarwati Anjarwati
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

The incidences of pneumonia in infants Become the second highest cause mortality before reaching the age of 5 years and a health problem in Indonesia. The family of smoking and smoke from burning mosquito coils are the triggers for air pollution, which can lead to pneumonia in infants. The study aims to analyze the relationship between family smoking habits and the use of mosquito coils with the incidence of pneumonia in under-fives. The method of research applied analytic observational research using a case-control study approach. The number of samples in this study was 87 under-fives in the case group and 87 under-fives in the control group. Sampling was conducted by non-probability sampling. A questionnaire was used as a data collecting instrument. Data analysis used chi-square and multiple logistic regression. The results of this study Showed that there was a relationship between family smoking habits and the use of mosquito coils with the incidence of pneumonia in infants. In addition, there were other variables that had a relationship with the incidence of pneumonia in under-fives namely smoking location (OR = 3,046; 95% CI: 1429-6492, p = 0.003), the number of cigarettes (OR = 7.105 ; 95% CI: 3079-16394, p = 0.000), and length of time with smokers (p = 0.000). On the other hand, the variables of father smoker status and the frequency of using mosquito coils were not related to the incidence of pneumonia in under-fives (p value 0.05). It is concluded that family smoking habits, use of mosquito coils, the location of smoking, and number of cigarettes, and  length of time together with smokers were risk factors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers

The Role of Memory in Processing Relative Clauses in Children With Specific Language Impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Frizelle ◽  
Paul Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Almost All

Purpose This study investigated the relationship between 2 components of memory—phonological short-term memory (pSTM) and working memory (WM)—and the control of relative clause constructions in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Method Children with SLI and 2 control groups—an age-matched and a younger group of children with typical development—repeated sentences, including relative clauses, representing 5 syntactic roles and 2 levels of matrix clause complexity. The Working Memory Test Battery for Children was administered. Results All 3 groups showed significant associations between pSTM and both types of matrix clause construction. For children with SLI, significant associations emerged between (a) WM and more complex matrix clause constructions, (b) WM and relative clauses including a range of syntactic roles, and (c) pSTM and the least difficult syntactic role. In contrast, the age-matched control group could repeat almost all syntactic roles without invoking the use of either memory component. Conclusions The role of pSTM and WM in the production of relative clauses by children with SLI is influenced by the degree of difficulty of the structure to be recalled. In therapy, the effect of WM limitations can be minimized by approaching each structure within the context of a simple matrix clause.

Salivary Sodium and Potassium Concentrations in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Esfehani ◽  
Bahareh Mohammad Zahraiee ◽  
Sepideh Arab ◽  
Fatemeh Hajmanoochehri ◽  
Mohammadtaghi Vatandoust
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: This study was aimed to assess salivary sodium and potassium concentrations in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: In this case-control study, saliva samples (5 cc) were collected from 13 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances before, and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the beginning of the orthodontic treatment using the spitting method. Saliva samples were also collected from 10 healthy individuals as controls. The saliva samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and the salivary sodium and potassium concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests. P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The salivary sodium and potassium concentrations were almost the same in both groups at baseline (P > 0.05). A significant reduction in sodium and an increase in potassium levels were noted in the case group at 1 week compared with baseline (P < 0.001). At 1 week, the potassium concentration was significantly higher and the sodium concentration was significantly lower in the case group (P < 0.01). The salivary sodium significantly increased while the salivary potassium significantly decreased at 1 month compared with 1 week (P < 0.001). The differences with the control group were also significant (P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted between the two groups at 3 months (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Time has a significant effect on the release profile of sodium and potassium ions from orthodontic appliances. The salivary sodium and potassium concentrations returned to their normal pretreatment values within 3 months after the start of fixed orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals The role of fluoride on eruption of mandibular molar of albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1752-1761
Author(s):  
Omowumi M. Femi-Akinlosotu ◽  
Olakayode O. Ogundoyin ◽  
Morenike A. Akintola
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
High Concentrations

Eruption of the tooth is a complex and highly regulated process which can be influenced by genetic, environmental and systemic factors. Fluoride is found naturally in water as well as in foods and dental products. The first mandibular molar is the first molar to erupt and it is essential for  mastication of food. We studied the effect of fluoride on the eruption of the first mandibular molar in albino rats. Fluoride at different  concentrations was added to the water of pregnant albino rats while sterile water without fluoride was given to the control pregnant dams. The pregnant dams were allowed to deliver, and the heads of their pups carefully decapitated, and mandibles dissected out on days 10, 12, 15 and 18 for assessment of eruption pattern of the first molar while also measuring the mandibular length and breadth. The mandibles were then processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining. On gross examination, some of the teeth developed intraosseously while others were located mucosally, pre-occlusally or occlusally. There was significant reduction in both the birth weight and mandibular length as the fluoride concentration increased compared to the control but a significant increment in the mandibular breadth between the experimental groups in comparison with the control group on day 15 (p value <0.05). These findings suggest that high concentrations of fluoride could delay mandibular molars’ eruption and also cause low birth weight. Key Words: fluoride, mandibular molar, tooth eruption

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