A twin study of genetic and environmental influences on tobacco initiation, regular tobacco use and nicotine dependence

Background. Numerous twin studies have reported significant genetic contributions to the variability of tobacco initiation (TI), while fewer studies have shown similar results for the persistence of smoking behavior, or nicotine dependence (ND). As the development of ND requires regular tobacco use (RTU) which in turn requires TI, a conditional approach is necessary.Method. We used structural equation modeling of multi-step conditional processes to examine the relationship between genetic and environmental risk factors for TI, RTU and ND. The tobacco variables were assessed by personal interview in female, male and opposite-sex twin pairs from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry.Results. The results suggested that the liabilities to TI, RTU and ND were correlated. Over 80% of the variance in liability to TI and RTU were shared, and a smaller proportion was shared between RTU and ND. The heritabilities were estimated at 75%, 80% and 60% respectively for TI, RTU and ND. The variance specific to liability to RTU was entirely accounted for by additive genetic factors. Only a modest part of the heritability in liability of ND was due to genetic factors specific to ND. Shared environmental factors were not significant. No sex differences were found for the sources of variation or causal paths, but prevalences were significantly greater in males versus females.Conclusions. This study showed significant overlap in the contribution of genetic factors to individual differences in TI, RTU and ND. Furthermore, there was evidence for significant additional genetic factors specific to RTU and ND.

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A population-based twin study of the genetic and environmental relationship of major depression, regular tobacco use and nicotine dependence

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291710000589 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 395-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

A. C. Edwards ◽

H. H. Maes ◽

N. L. Pedersen ◽

K. S. Kendler

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Positive Association ◽

Population Based ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Environmental Correlations ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundNumerous epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between major depression (MD) and regular tobacco use (RU) or nicotine dependence (ND). However, few have used a genetically informative design to assess whether these traits share a common genetic and/or environmental liability.MethodWe assessed MD, RU and ND in same-sex twins from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry. In males, we examined both cigarette use and snus (smokeless tobacco) use. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between MD, RU, and ND given RU.ResultsThe results suggest modest correlations between MD and RU, and between MD and ND. In males, the liability shared between MD and RU is solely genetic for both cigarettes and snus, while MD and ND share both genetic and unique environmental influences. The continuation to ND given RU differed considerably between cigarette and snus users. In females, both MD–RU and MD–ND relationships are partially attributable to genetic and unique environmental correlations.ConclusionsThe relationship among MD, RU and ND is at least partially attributable to shared genetic and environmental risk factors. The genetic and environmental correlations between traits are modest. The nature of the shared liability differs by sex, and in males, by the type of tobacco product used. Differences between previous reports and results presented in the current study are suggestive of population differences in how MD and tobacco use inter-relate.

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Distribution and Heritability of Recurrent Ear Infections

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348949710600802 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 106 (8) ◽

pp. 624-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Kari J. Kvaerner ◽

Jennifer R. Harris ◽

Kristian Tambs ◽

Per Magnus

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Population Based ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Genes And Environment ◽

Ear Infections ◽

The Mean ◽

Familial Environment

The distribution of recurrent ear infections was obtained from a population-based sample of 2,750 pairs of Norwegian twins born between 1967 and 1974. The lifetime prevalence of self-reported recurrent ear infections was 8.9%, with a significant predominance of female cases. The mean age of onset was 4.2 years, with a gradual decrease in occurrence from 2 to 7 years of age. Among monozygotic pairs, the rate of tetrachoric correlation between co-twins was almost identical in males (0.73, SE 0.08) and females (0.74, SE 0.06), but among the dizygotic pairs the correlation was clearly higher in males (0.53, SE 0.12) than in females (0.20, SE 0.12). The value in the unlike-sexed dizygotic twins (0.25, SE 0.05) was intermediate to that of the like-sexed male and female dizygotic pairs. The relative contribution of genes and environment to variability in the predisposition to develop otitis media was estimated by means of structural equation modeling. Variation in liability to ear infections was mainly explained by additive genetic and dominance factors in females, for whom heritability was estimated at 74%. The remaining 26% of the variation in liability was explained by individual environmental factors. In males, 45% of the variation could be accounted for by genetic factors, 29% by common familial environment, and the remaining 26% by individual environmental effects.

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Sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on the development of antisocial behavior

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579402002110 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 395-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

KRISTEN C. JACOBSON ◽

CAROL A. PRESCOTT ◽

KENNETH S. KENDLER

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Antisocial Behavior ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Environmental Influence ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Population Based ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Retrospective Reports ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

Adult Twins

The present study uses a population-based sample of 6,806 adult twins from same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs to examine sex differences in the underlying genetic and environmental architecture of the development of antisocial behavior (AB). Retrospective reports of AB during three different developmental periods were obtained: prior to age 15 years (childhood), age 15–17 years (adolescent), and age 18 years and older (adult). Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that there was no evidence for sex-specific genetic or sex-specific shared family environmental influences on the development of AB; that is, the types of genetic and environmental influence were similar for males and females. For both sexes, a model that allowed for genetic influences on adolescent and adult AB that were not shared with childhood AB fit better than a model with a single genetic factor. In contrast, shared environmental influences on adolescent and adult AB overlapped entirely with shared environmental influences on childhood AB. Genetic factors played a larger role in variation in childhood AB among females, whereas shared environmental factors played a larger role among males. However, heritability of AB increased from childhood to adolescence and adulthood for both sexes, and the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on adolescent and adult AB was approximately equal across sex. We speculate that sex differences in timing of puberty may account for the earlier presence of genetic effects among females.

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A Twin Study of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Tobacco Initiation, Regular Tobacco Use and Nicotine Dependence

Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health ◽

10.1016/s0084-3970(08)70078-1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 83-84

Author(s):

R.J. Frances

Keyword(s):

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Twin Study ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Tobacco Initiation

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Genetic Influences on Individual Differences in Exercise Behavior during Adolescence

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2010/138345 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Niels van der Aa ◽

Eco J. C. De Geus ◽

Toos C. E. M. van Beijsterveldt ◽

Dorret I. Boomsma ◽

Meike Bartels

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Threshold Model ◽

Exercise Behavior ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Vigorous Exercise ◽

Exercise Frequency ◽

Age Cohorts

The aim of this study was to investigate the degree to which genetic and environmental influences affect variation in adolescent exercise behavior. Data on regular leisure time exercise activities were analyzed in 8,355 adolescent twins, from three-age cohorts (13-14, 15-16, and 17–19 years). Exercise behavior was assessed with survey items about type of regular leisure time exercise, frequency, and duration of the activities. Participants were classified as sedentary, regular exercisers, or vigorous exercisers. The prevalence of moderate exercise behavior declined from age 13 to 19 years with a parallel increase in prevalence of sedentary behavior, whereas the prevalence of vigorous exercise behavior remained constant across age cohorts. Variation in exercise behavior was analyzed with genetic structural equation modeling employing a liability threshold model. Variation was largely accounted for by genetic factors (72% to 85% of the variance was explained by genetic factors), whereas shared environmental factors only accounted for a substantial part of the variation in girls aged 13-14 years (46%). We hypothesize that genetic effects on exercise ability may explain the high heritability of exercise behavior in this phase of life.

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Adolescent religiousness and its influence on substance use: preliminary findings from the Mid-Atlantic School Age Twin Study

Twin Research ◽

10.1375/twin.2.2.156 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 156-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Brian M D'Onofrio ◽

Lenn Murrelle ◽

Lindon J Eaves ◽

Michael E McCullough ◽

Jessica L Landis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Problem Behavior ◽

Twin Study ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Population Based ◽

Spiritual Practices ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

School Age ◽

Attitudes And Practices

AbstractResearch has consistently shown that religiousness is associated with lower levels of alcohol and drug use, but little is known about the nature of adolescent religiousness or the mechanisms through which it influences problem behavior in this age group. This paper presents preliminary results from the Mid-Atlantic School Age Twin Study, a prospective, population-based study of 6–18-year-old twins and their mothers. Factor analysis of a scale developed to characterize adolescent religiousness, the Religious Attitudes and Practices Inventory (RAPI), revealed three factors: theism, religious/spiritual practices, and peer religiousness. Twin correlations and univariate behavior-genetic models for these factors and a measure of belief that drug use is sinful reveal in 357 twin pairs that common environmental factors significantly influence these traits, but a minor influence of genetic factors could not be discounted. Correlations between the multiple factors of adolescent religiousness and substance use, comorbid problem behavior, mood disorders, and selected risk factors for substance involvement are also presented. Structural equation modeling illustrates that specific religious beliefs about the sinfulness of drugs and level of peer religiousness mediate the relationship between theistic beliefs and religious/spiritual practices on substance use. Limitations and future analyses are discussed.

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Efektifitas Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bagi Pengguna Internal (Studi Kasus Pada PT Bank Lampung)

Industrika: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri ◽

10.37090/indstrk.v2i2.94 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Alhibarsyah Alhibarsyah ◽

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Information Needs ◽

Information Quality ◽

Service Providers ◽

Statistical Technique ◽

Population Based ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Observation Data ◽

Technology System

Abstract To fulfill information needs that are relevant, fast, and accurate, the application of information technology, especially computer-based is inseparable from the role of the three basic components of a computer. The success model of the information technology system developed by DeLone & McLean quickly received a response. PT. Bank Lampung as one of the banking service providers in Lampung, is the object of research to determine how variables affect the level of Quality System, Information Quality, Service Quality, Use and Satisfaction and Use of Benefits, to determine the level of effectiveness in PT Bank Lampung's internal customer management information system. SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) is a multivariate statistical technique that is a combination of factor analysis and regression analysis (correlation), which aims to examine the relationship between variables in the model. To explain the overall relationship that exists between the variables in this study using AMOS software (Moment Structure Analysis). This shows that the sample variance-covariance matrix (observation data) I s the same as the estimated matrix of variance-covariance (population) based on the model built, it is expected that the results of this study KI significantly influence P, KI significantly affects KP, KS influences significant impact on P, significantly affecting KS KP, KL significantly affected P, KL significantly affected KP, P significantly affected KP, P significantly affected M, KP significantly affected M.

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A population-based twin study in women of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291798008022 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 299-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 296

Author(s):

K. S. KENDLER ◽

M. C. NEALE ◽

P. SULLIVAN ◽

L. A. COREY ◽

C. O. GARDNER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Substance Dependence ◽

Smoking Initiation ◽

Population Based ◽

Familial Factors ◽

Wide Range ◽

History Of ◽

Low Levels

Background. The development of drug dependence requires prior initiation. What is the relationship between the risk factors for initiation and dependence?Methods. Using smoking as a model addiction, we assessed smoking initiation (SI) and nicotine dependence (ND) by personal interview in 1898 female twins from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. We developed a twin structural equation model that estimates the correlation between the liability to SI and the liability to ND, given SI.Results. The liabilities to SI and ND were substantially correlated but not identical. Heritable factors played an important aetiological role in SI and in ND. While the majority of genetic risk factors for ND were shared with SI, a distinct set of familial factors, which were probably partly genetic, solely influenced the risk for ND. SI was associated with low levels of education and religiosity, high levels of neuroticism and extroversion and a history of a wide range of psychiatric disorders. ND was associated with low levels of education, extroversion, mastery, and self-esteem, high levels of neuroticism and dependency and a history of mood and alcohol use disorders.Conclusions. The aetiological factors that influence SI and ND, while overlapping, are not perfectly correlated. One set of genetic factors plays a significant aetiological role in both SI and ND, while another set of familial factors, probably in part genetic, solely influences ND. Some risk factors for SI and ND impact similarly on both stages, some act at only one stage and others impact differently and even in opposite directions at the two stages. The pathway to substance dependence is complex and involves multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.

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Does the level of family dysfunction moderate the impact of genetic factors on the personality trait of neuroticism?

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291703007840 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 817-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

K. S. KENDLER ◽

S. H. AGGEN ◽

K. C. JACOBSON ◽

M. C. NEALE

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Personality Trait ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

False Negative ◽

Population Based ◽

Family Dysfunction ◽

Twin Model ◽

The Family ◽

The Impact

Background. While the family environment can directly influence later risk for psychopathology, dysfunction in the family of origin may also moderate the impact of genetic factors on liability for psychiatric disorders. Can a similar pattern be seen for the personality trait of Neuroticism (N) – which is a risk factor for many psychiatric conditions?Method. Our sample of 957 complete female–female twin pairs from a population-based register had measures of self-reported N and multiple reporters (twin, co-twin, mother, father) for family dysfunction (FD). Statistical analysis was conducted by traditional regression analysis and a moderator structural equation twin model operationalized in the computer program Mx.Results. Dividing the sample into quartiles based on increasing levels of FD, the mean of N increased substantially while correlations of N in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins were relatively constant. Regression analyses did not suggest greater twin resemblance for N with increasing levels of FD. The best-fit structural equation model was the standard un-moderated model in which the proportion of variance in N due to genetic (39%) and unique environmental effects (61%) remained constant across values of FD.Conclusions. Although a false-negative result due to limited power cannot be excluded, these analyses do not support the hypothesis that FD moderates the impact of genetic factors on levels of N.

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Self-efficacy as a moderator in the relationship between peer pressure and family smoking, and adolescent cigarette smoking behavior

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v11n28p84 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (28) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

SAMIRA GOLESTAN ◽

Haslinda Binti Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between the environmental factors of peer pressure and family smoking (parents’ smoking and siblings’ smoking), and adolescent cigarette smoking habits in Kerman (as a big province in Iran). In addition, in terms of the afore-mentioned behavior, the moderating role of self-efficacy on the link of peer pressure and family smoking is studied. A quantitative research method was used for this purpose. The sample included 300 adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 as current smokers. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data which were then analyzed using AMOS Software and running Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed positive significant relationship between peer pressure plus family smoking (parents’ smoking and siblings’ smoking), and adolescent cigarette smoking. The relevant findings and results revealed that self-efficacy has a considerable moderating effect on the relationship between cigarette smoking behavior, and peer pressure and family smoking. The results of the present study can contribute to the literature and have significant implications for practitioners and policy makers to prevent adolescents in Iran from developing smoking habits.

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