scholarly journals Core beliefs in healthy youth and youth at ultra high-risk for psychosis: Dimensionality and links to depression, anxiety, and attenuated psychotic symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry R. Cowan ◽  
Dan P. McAdams ◽  
Vijay A. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Ultra High Risk

AbstractCognitive theory posits that core beliefs play an active role in developing and maintaining symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychosis. This study sought to comprehensively examine core beliefs, their dimensionality, and their relationships to depression, anxiety, and attenuated psychotic symptoms in two groups of community youth: a group at ultrahigh risk for psychosis (UHR; n = 73, M age = 18.7) and a matched healthy comparison group (HC; n = 73, M age = 18.1). UHR youth reported significantly more negative beliefs about self and others, and significantly less positive beliefs about self and others. HC youth rarely endorsed negative self-beliefs. Exploratory factor analyses found that HC negative self-beliefs did not cohere as a single factor. We hypothesized specific links between core beliefs and symptoms based on cognitive models of each disorder, and tested these links through regression analyses. The results in the HC group were consistent with the proposed models of depression and anxiety. The results in the UHR group were consistent with proposed models of depression and negative psychotic symptoms, somewhat consistent with a proposed model of positive psychotic symptoms, and not at all consistent with a proposed model of anxiety. These findings add to a growing developmental literature on core beliefs and psychopathology, with important clinical implications.

scholarly journals Characterizing core beliefs in psychosis: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Christopher D.J. Taylor ◽  
Gillian Haddock ◽  
Susan Speer ◽  
Penny E. Bee
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis ◽  
Synergistic Relationship

AbstractBackground: Cognitive behavioural treatments are recommended for people with psychosis. Core beliefs regarding the self and others are a key part of the models underpinning cognitive behavioural therapy but detailed understanding of these putative beliefs in people with psychosis are limited. A greater understanding of these mechanisms is necessary to improve and refine treatments.Aims: This study utilized a qualitative approach to explore core schematic beliefs in psychosis (strongly held positive and negative beliefs about the self and others) and their relation to hallucinations and delusions.Method: Twenty individuals with psychosis participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews.Results: Four emergent themes were identified: (i) the solidity and permanency of core beliefs, (ii) the causes and development of core beliefs, (iii) a synergistic relationship between core beliefs and symptoms, and (iv) core beliefs associated with images and their influence on psychotic symptoms.Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the range and character of core beliefs in psychosis and provides important data to guide ongoing and future development of treatment approaches for psychosis.

Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents and Young Adults With Allergies: A Comparison to Healthy Peers

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Molzon ◽  
Stephanie E. Hullmann ◽  
Angelica R. Eddington ◽  
Carmen A. Del Olmo Vazquez ◽  
Larry L. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

A fully automated conversational agent with artificial intelligence capabilities (Youper) for treating depression and anxiety: A nonrandomized feasibility trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Hamilton Vargas ◽  
Thiago Antonio Marafon ◽  
Diego Fernando Couto ◽  
Ricardo Giglio ◽  
Marvin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Viable Solution

BACKGROUND Mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety disorders, are significant global concerns. Many people with these conditions don't get the help they need because of the high costs of medical treatment and the stigma attached to seeking help. Digital technologies represent a viable solution to these challenges. However, these technologies are often characterized by relatively low adherence and their effectiveness largely remains empirical unverified. While digital technologies may represent a viable solution for this persisting problem, they often lack empirical support for their effectiveness and are characterized by relatively low adherence. Conversational agents using artificial intelligence capabilities have the potential to offer a cost-effective, low-stigma and engaging way of getting mental health care. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of Youper, a mobile application that utilizes a conversational interface and artificial intelligence capabilities to deliver cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults. METHODS 1,012 adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety participated in a real-world setting study, entirely remotely, unguided and with no financial incentives, over an 8-week period. Participants completed digital versions of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) at baseline, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. RESULTS After the eight-week study period, depression (PHQ-9) scores of participants decreased by 48% while anxiety (GAD-7) scores decreased by 43%. The RCI was outside 2 standard deviations for 93.0% of the individuals in the PHQ-9 assessment and 90.7% in the GAD-7 assessment. Participants were on average 24.79 years old (SD 7.61) and 77% female. On average, participants interacted with Youper 0.9 (SD 1.56) times per week. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that Youper is a feasible, acceptable, and effective intervention for adults with depression and anxiety. CLINICALTRIAL Since this study involved a nonclinical population, it wasn't registered in a public trials registry.

scholarly journals Systematic review: Symptoms of parental depression and anxiety and offspring overweight

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Paula Lobo Marco ◽  
Inaê Dutra Valério ◽  
Christian Loret de Mola Zanatti ◽  
Helen Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existing literature on the association between parents’ depression and anxiety and their influence on their children’s weight during childhood, identifying possible mechanisms involved in this association. METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed, PsycINFO and SciELO databases, using the following descriptors: (maternal OR mother* OR parent* OR paternal OR father) AND (“common mental disorder” OR “mental health” OR “mental disorder” OR “depressive disorder” OR depress* OR anxiety OR “anxiety disorder”) AND (child* OR pediatric OR offspring) AND (overweight OR obes* OR “body mass index” OR BMI). A total of 1,187 articles were found after peer selection. RESULTS: In total, 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for the review. Most of them investigated depressive symptoms and only three, symptoms of maternal anxiety. The evaluated studies suggested a positive association between symptoms of maternal depression and higher risk of childhood obesity. The results diverged according to the chronicity of depressive symptoms (episodic or recurrent depression) and income of the investigated country (high or middle income). Mechanisms were identified passing by quality of parenthood, affecting behaviors related to physical activity and child-feeding, as mediators of the association. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude there is evidence of a positive relationship between the occurrence of maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety and childhood obesity. It is emphasized the need for a better understanding on the effect of depressive symptoms and the contextual factors involved in this relationship so that effective intervention strategies can be implemented.

scholarly journals Striatal glutamate and the conversion to psychosis: a prospective 1H-MRS imaging study

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval ◽  
Pablo León-Ortiz ◽  
Mariana Azcárraga ◽  
Rafael Favila ◽  
Sylvana Stephano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
And Control

Abstract Increased glutamate levels in the associative-striatum have been described in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR); nevertheless, it is unclear whether this abnormality predicts the conversion to psychosis. Nineteen subjects at UHR and 26 controls were studied using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Subjects at UHR were clinically followed for 2 yr. Seven UHR subjects (37%) transitioned to a psychotic disorder and the remaining 12 did not exhibit psychotic symptoms at the most recent follow-up. The psychosis transition group had higher glutamate levels compared to both non-transition and control groups (p = 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively; effect size 1.39). These pilot findings suggest that the conversion to psychosis is associated with increased glutamate levels in the associative-striatum.

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