The acquisition of future temporality by L2 French learners

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALILA AYOUN
Keyword(s):  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Modal Values

ABSTRACTThis cross-sectional study in the acquisition of future temporality by English-speaking L2 French learners presents a descriptive account of the major contrastive features of the expression in futurity in English and French before considering learnability implications. A personal narrative and a cloze task were administered to L2 French learners (n = 34) at three proficiency levels and French native speaker controls (n = 14). Analyses revealed task and proficiency effects, but all learners used a variety of morphological forms to express futurity in their personal narratives, and appear to be acquiring temporal and modal values associated with the future.

scholarly journals Google Trends-based non-English language query data and epidemic diseases: a cross-sectional study of the popular search behaviour in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e034156
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Chang ◽  
Wei-Lun Chiang ◽  
Wen-Hung Wang ◽  
Chun-Yu Lin ◽  
Ling-Chien Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

ObjectiveThis study developed a surveillance system suitable for monitoring epidemic outbreaks and assessing public opinion in non-English-speaking countries. We evaluated whether social media reflects social uneasiness and fear during epidemic outbreaks and natural catastrophes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFreely available epidemic data in Taiwan.Main outcome measureWe used weekly epidemic incidence data obtained from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control and online search query data obtained from Google Trends between 4 October 2015 and 2 April 2016. To validate whether non-English query keywords were useful surveillance tools, we estimated the correlation between online query data and epidemic incidence in Taiwan.ResultsWith our approach, we noted that keywords 感冒 (‘common cold’), 發燒 (‘fever’) and 咳嗽 (‘cough’) exhibited good to excellent correlation between Google Trends query data and influenza incidence (r=0.898, p<0.001; r=0.773, p<0.001; r=0.796, p<0.001, respectively). They also displayed high correlation with influenza-like illness emergencies (r=0.900, p<0.001; r=0.802, p<0.001; r=0.886, p<0.001, respectively) and outpatient visits (r=0.889, p<0.001; r=0.791, p<0.001; r=0.870, p<0.001, respectively). We noted that the query 腸病毒 (‘enterovirus’) exhibited excellent correlation with the number of enterovirus-infected patients in emergency departments (r=0.914, p<0.001).ConclusionsThese results suggested that Google Trends can be a good surveillance tool for epidemic outbreaks, even in Taiwan, the non-English-speaking country. Online search activity indicates that people are concerned about epidemic diseases, even if they do not visit hospitals. This prompted us to develop useful tools to monitor social media during an epidemic because such media usage reflects infectious disease trends more quickly than does traditional reporting.

scholarly journals Phonological variation in German Learner English

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lukas Sönning
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Phonological Variation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
L2 Phonology ◽  
Shed Light

This study is concerned with linguistic constraints underlying the acquisition of a second language (L2) phonology. It pursues two aims: The first is to offer a survey of theoretical work on L2 phonology with a focus on the scope and predictive adequacy of individual frameworks. A set of 20 contributions is evaluated in terms of their domain of application and the specificity of their predictions. The second aim is to make empirical contributions to the study of phonological variation in German Learner English by exploring theoretically motivated constraints across a diverse range of phonological structures and proficiency levels. Theory-derived hypotheses are confronted with data from a cross-sectional study on various segmental features in the pronunciation of 62 German learners of English (including 27 native speakers as a baseline of comparison). The study relies on acoustic and auditory analyses to shed light on several notorious structures, including final obstruent (de)voicing, dental fricatives, the labiodental fricative /v/, the labio-velar glide /w/, English /r/, ‘clear’ and ‘dark’ laterals, and the TRAP-DRESS contrast.

scholarly journals Effect of Schoolbag Weight on Musculoskeletal Pain among Primary School Children in Yaounde, Cameroon: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiliam Richard Guessogo ◽  
Peguy Brice Assomo-Ndemba ◽  
Edmond Ebal-Minye ◽  
Jerson Mekoulou-Ndongo ◽  
Claude Bryan Bika-Lélé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
English Speaking

Background: Heavy schoolbag is known to cause health problems for school children. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of carrying heavy schoolbags on the musculoskeletal pain among primary school children of the two subsystems in Yaounde, Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in primary schools in Yaounde. A total of 457 school-children (8.2 ± 2.2 years) were included, 202 from the French-speaking subsystem, and 255 from the English-speaking subsystem. Parameters studied included weight, height, and schoolbag weight. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information and potential musculoskeletal pain in three regions: back, shoulders, and neck. Results: The mean weight of children and their bags was 28.4 ± 8.2 kg and 5.2 ± 2.3 kg respectively. More than 50% of schoolchildren in the two subsystems carried a schoolbag weighing more than 15% of body weight. The back (38%) was the least affected area in comparison to the shoulders (58.6%) and neck (42.4%) (p < 0.001). Carrying heavy bags and walking to school was associated with pain in the back, shoulders, and neck. School-children in the French-speaking subsystem had lower risk (adjusted Odds Ratio 0.438, 95% CI = 0.295-0.651; p < 0.001) to develop a sore neck compared to peers from the English-speaking subsystem. Conclusion: Carrying heavy schoolbags is associated to musculoskeletal pain in schoolchildren. The means moving to and from school is a main risk factor of developing musculoskeletal pain. French-speaking schoolchildren develop less neck pain than English-speaking schoolchildren.

Vocabulariumverwerving en Vocabulariumbeheersing op Universitair Niveau

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Willem A. van der Werf
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Lexical Resource

The article is opened with an account of the state ot the art concerning vocabulary studies within Applied Linguistics in the late 1970s, which shows that experiments in the classroom, i.e. in situ, are the best alternative to formulating and testing hypotheses based on non-existent or unproven theories. One's breadth of option in the matter of experiments in situ is very limited 'indeed (control and manipulation of dependent and inde-pendent variables, and setting up control groups being virtually impossible). An Adequacy study is proposed with the following features: analyses and comparison of (a) curriculum input, and (c) native speaker output. The article goes on to concentrate on (b), i.e. two longitudinal studies and one cross-sectional study of second-year students of English, and is then narrowed down to a report on one of the two longitudinal studies. It is shown that this one student did a great deal of incidental learning. A careful reconstruction of his workbook shows that he was a late bloomer: he had a 96-page personal vocabulary file which at first he hardly put to productive use. Then in the second semester there was a sudden lexical outburst, which proves that it is motivation and dogged determination that lead to lexical resource utilization. Other students' comments ('slogger/ toiler/fanatic') express a dubious attitude to vocabulary learning. This case-study also shows that lexis is part and parcel of communication strategies, a point which is obvious enough, though cheerfully overlooked by too many students. In quantitative and qualitative terms this student is shown to be a very good lexical performer. His output in the 10.000+ Frequency range is superior (percentage-wise), and his versati-lity in the matter of idiomatic English and number of exclusive items is manifest. With specific reference tot the 25-student cross-sectional study the important conclusion is drawn that at university level one has a very long way to go lexically speaking.

scholarly journals Predictors of single word spelling in English speaking children: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-596
Author(s):  
Georgia Z. Niolaki ◽  
Janet Vousden ◽  
Aris R. Terzopoulos ◽  
Laura M. Taylor ◽  
Shani Sephton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Word Spelling

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

Confidence toward vaccination as reported by parents of children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

Vacunas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.M. AlGoraini ◽  
N.N. AlDujayn ◽  
M.A. AlRasheed ◽  
Y.E. Bashawri ◽  
S.S. Alsubaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
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