scholarly journals Phonological variation in German Learner English

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lukas Sönning
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Phonological Variation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
L2 Phonology ◽  
Shed Light

This study is concerned with linguistic constraints underlying the acquisition of a second language (L2) phonology. It pursues two aims: The first is to offer a survey of theoretical work on L2 phonology with a focus on the scope and predictive adequacy of individual frameworks. A set of 20 contributions is evaluated in terms of their domain of application and the specificity of their predictions. The second aim is to make empirical contributions to the study of phonological variation in German Learner English by exploring theoretically motivated constraints across a diverse range of phonological structures and proficiency levels. Theory-derived hypotheses are confronted with data from a cross-sectional study on various segmental features in the pronunciation of 62 German learners of English (including 27 native speakers as a baseline of comparison). The study relies on acoustic and auditory analyses to shed light on several notorious structures, including final obstruent (de)voicing, dental fricatives, the labiodental fricative /v/, the labio-velar glide /w/, English /r/, ‘clear’ and ‘dark’ laterals, and the TRAP-DRESS contrast.

scholarly journals A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study of Self-Reported Adherence and Factors Associated with Analgesic Treatment in People with Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3666
Author(s):  
Patricia Ortega-Jiménez ◽  
Helena De Sola ◽  
Alejandro Salazar ◽  
María Dueñas ◽  
Leticia Del Reguero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analgesic Treatment ◽  
Appropriate Behavior ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Great Pain ◽  
Shed Light

This study aims to shed light on the frequency and associated factors of self-reported adherence to analgesic treatment among chronic pain (CP) patients in the Spanish population. A nationwide cross-sectional study was performed of 1066 Spanish adults, of whom 251 suffered from CP and 168 had been prescribed analgesic treatment. Adherence was assessed using a self-reported direct questionnaire and related factors were collected. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted. Among the 23.5% (95% CI: 21.0–26.2%) of the sample with CP, 66.9% (95% CI: 60.7–72.7%) were taking analgesic treatment prescribed by a doctor, and 81.0% (95% CI: 74.2–86.6%) said they took the treatment as the doctor indicated. However, 17.6% forgot to take the medication, 11% overused them when in great pain, 46.3% stopped the treatment when feeling better and 33.3% when feeling worse, and 7.3% stopped taking them for financial reasons. Higher intensity of pain, polymedication, administration route (injection/patches) and some patient-related factors were associated with self-perceived adherence to treatment. Most Spanish people with CP consider that they are adherent to their analgesic treatment. However, their behavior presents contradictions. It would be advisable for professionals to inform patients about appropriate behavior regarding their therapy recommendations, and to explore potential factors related to non-adherence. This could contribute to improving pain control.

The acquisition of future temporality by L2 French learners

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALILA AYOUN
Keyword(s):  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Modal Values

ABSTRACTThis cross-sectional study in the acquisition of future temporality by English-speaking L2 French learners presents a descriptive account of the major contrastive features of the expression in futurity in English and French before considering learnability implications. A personal narrative and a cloze task were administered to L2 French learners (n = 34) at three proficiency levels and French native speaker controls (n = 14). Analyses revealed task and proficiency effects, but all learners used a variety of morphological forms to express futurity in their personal narratives, and appear to be acquiring temporal and modal values associated with the future.

scholarly journals The importance of task variability in the design of learner corpora for SLA research

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Tracy-Ventura ◽  
Florence Myles
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Task Types ◽  
Task Variability

This cross-sectional study investigates task variability focusing on the use of Spanish past tense morphology in a spoken learner corpus. Sixty L2 learners of Spanish (English L1) from three different proficiency levels (20 per group) and fifteen native speakers completed three communicative tasks (a guided interview, a picture-based narrative, and a historical figures description) and an experimental task, all designed to investigate the acquisition of tense and aspect in L2 Spanish. Data were transcribed in CHAT, and analysed and coded using a specially created interactive coding program that works in combination with the CLAN program (MacWhinney 2000). Results demonstrate significant differences in the emergence and accurate use of past tense morphology across tasks. An additional analysis showed that the less controlled tasks encouraged few instances of more advanced features, suggesting that not all task types are equally successful at eliciting the range of tense-aspect morphological contrasts theoretically relevant for SLA research on tense and aspect.

Developmental data on a French sociolinguistic variable: Post-consonantal word-final /R/

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Chevrot ◽  
Laurence Beaud ◽  
Renata Varga
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Phonological Variation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

To begin, we review three theoretical problem areas in the field of research into phonological variation in children. Next, we present the results of a cross-sectional study of two groups of children, aged 6 to 7 years and 10 to 12 years, relating to the deletion of post-consonantal word-final /R/ in French (production and judgments of acceptability). In an experimental study, we then examine the mechanism involved in the learning of words with a variable /R/. Finally, the interpretation of the results within the framework of a cognitive conception of variation leads us to four conclusions: (i) children have a tendency to copy adult surface forms rather than to encode a variable rule; (ii) orthography causes the late encoding of certain variable /R/s; (iii) the establishment of linguistic factors precedes that of social factors; and (iv) age-related changes are not guided by the sociolinguistic value that groups consciously attribute to the variables.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Primary School Children’s Coding Practices and Computational Thinking Using ScratchJr

2021 ◽  
pp. 073563312110273
Author(s):  
Eleni A. Kyza ◽  
Yiannis Georgiou ◽  
Andria Agesilaou ◽  
Markos Souropetsis
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Shed Light

There are increasing calls to introduce computational thinking in schools; the arguments in favor call upon research suggesting that even kindergarten children can successfully engage in coding. This contribution presents a cross-sectional study examining the coding practices and computational thinking of fifty-one primary school children using the ScratchJr software; children were organized in two cohorts (Cohort 1: 6–9 years old; Cohort 2: 10–12 years old). Each cohort participated in a six-hour intervention, as part of a four-day summer club. During the intervention children were introduced to ScratchJr and were asked to collaboratively design a digital story about environmental waste management actions, thus adopting a disciplinary perspective to computational thinking. Data analyses examined children’s final artifacts, in terms of coding practices and the level of computational thinking demonstrated by each cohort. Furthermore, analysis of selected groups’ storyboard interviews was used to shed light on differences between the two cohorts. Results are presented and contrasted across the two age cohorts via a developmental perspective. The findings of this study can be useful in considering the instructional support that is necessary to scaffold the development of primary school children’s coding practices and computational thinking.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic, income, and environmental characteristics of individuals displaying animal and object hoarding behavior in a major city in South Brazil: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 3111-3118
Author(s):  
Graziela Ribeiro da Cunha ◽  
Camila Marinelli Martins ◽  
Maysa Pellizzaro ◽  
Christina Pettan-Brewer ◽  
Alexander Welker Biondo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hoarding Behavior ◽  
Unpleasant Odor ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

Background and Aim: Hoarding cases have not been researched in depth in developing countries, such as Brazil. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of people with hoarding behavior in Curitiba, Brazil. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on complaints about hoarding situations received by the City Hall. The data on sociodemographic, income, and environmental characteristics of individuals displaying animal and object hoarding behavior were obtained and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analyses. Results: Out of the 113 hoarding cases reported, 69 (61.06%) were fully assessed. Most of the participants (43; 62.32%) were women, and it was observed that most of the animal hoarding cases were women (p=0.02). The average age was 62.47 years old, and most of them (44; 63.76%) had studied up to the middle school level. People associated with object hoarding belonged to the lower income category (p=0.031). In most cases, the homes had an unpleasant odor (45; 65.21%), and this was prevalent in cases involving women (p=0.004) and animals (p=0.001). The risk of fire (24 [34.78%]) and landslip (9 [13.04%]) was more frequent in the case of object hoarding (p=0.018 and 0.021, respectively). Conclusion: The description of characteristics of individuals with hoarding behavior may assist in understanding the magnitude of this public health problem in Brazil and shed light on the need to develop studies on the health conditions of people and animals that live in these situations.

Cohesion in Italian adult learners’ and native speakers’ compositions

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-50
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Zanardi
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lexical Cohesion ◽  
Developmental Sequences ◽  
Tentative Interpretation

Abstract This paper presents data from a cross-sectional study of the use of cohesion in Italian texts written by L2 adult learners and by native speakers. Twenty-six free compositions were analysed for cohesion: eighteen by anglophone learners of Italian attending first, second, third and fourth year of Italian at Sydney University, and eight by native speakers of Italian divided in two groups: one of students, who have either done their schooling in Italy or recently arrived in Australia, the other of Italian professionals living in Sydney. More specifically, cohesion was analysed for the three categories of reference, conjunction and lexical cohesion. The objective of the study is twofold: a) to compare learners and native speakers in their use of cohesion, and b) to observe the developmental sequences in the use of cohesion in the six different groups. Examples from the texts are given and a tentative interpretation of the data is presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document