scholarly journals Becoming Dead: Burial Assemblages as Vitalist Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Fahlander
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Assemblage Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Epistemological Relativism

This text comprises a critical discussion of assemblage theory and its application to burial studies. In recent research, burials have been viewed as fluid and indeterminate assemblages that ‘become’ in varied ways depending on different perceptions (concepts and ideas) and apparatuses (e.g. excavation tools and measuring instruments). The past and the present are thus mixed in potentially ever-new configurations which run the risk of replacing epistemological relativism with ontological fluidity. It is argued here that the hypothetical mutability of burial assemblages can be reduced significantly by addressing the varying speed and degree of the involved processes of integration and disintegration. By doing this, the main focus is shifted to the animacy of such processes and how they may have been understood and utilized in burials. Using both general and specific examples, it is argued that cremation burials can be studied as carefully compiled amalgamations that utilize the properties and animacies of different materialities to deal with death, corpses and the afterlife.

scholarly journals Recognition and Work in the Platform Economy: a Normative Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Visser ◽  
Thomas C. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recognition Theory ◽  
Normative Reconstruction ◽  
Human Side ◽  
Platform Economy

AbstractThe rise of the platform economy in the past two decades (and neoliberal capitalist expansion and crises more in general), have on the whole negatively affected working conditions, leading to growing concerns about the “human side” of organizations. To address these concerns, the purpose of this paper is to apply Axel Honneth’s recognition theory and method of normative reconstruction to working conditions in the platform economy. The paper concludes that the ways in which platform organizations function constitutes a normative paradox, promising flexibility and autonomy while at the same time creating working conditions that undercut these promises. The paper ends with a critical discussion of Honneth’s approach, possible supplementing ideas and further lines of future research.

scholarly journals Marine Cyanobacteria and Microalgae Metabolites—A Rich Source of Potential Anticancer Drugs

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Arijit Mondal ◽  
Sankhadip Bose ◽  
Sabyasachi Banerjee ◽  
Jayanta Kumar Patra ◽  
Jai Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Action Current ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Metabolites ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Cancer is at present one of the utmost deadly diseases worldwide. Past efforts in cancer research have focused on natural medicinal products. Over the past decades, a great deal of initiatives was invested towards isolating and identifying new marine metabolites via pharmaceutical companies, and research institutions in general. Secondary marine metabolites are looked at as a favorable source of potentially new pharmaceutically active compounds, having a vast structural diversity and diverse biological activities; therefore, this is an astonishing source of potentially new anticancer therapy. This review contains an extensive critical discussion on the potential of marine microbial compounds and marine microalgae metabolites as anticancer drugs, highlighting their chemical structure and exploring the underlying mechanisms of action. Current limitation, challenges, and future research pathways were also presented.

A review of quality evaluation of digital libraries based on users’ perceptions

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Heradio ◽  
David Fernández-Amorós ◽  
Francisco Javier Cabrerizo ◽  
Enrique Herrera-Viedma
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Communities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Shed Light

In the past two decades, the use of digital libraries (DLs) has grown significantly. Accordingly, questions about the utility, usability and cost of DLs have started to arise, and greater attention is being paid to the quality evaluation of this type of information system. Since DLs are destined to serve user communities, one of the main aspects to be considered in DL evaluation is the user’s opinion. The literature on this topic has produced a set of varied criteria to judge DLs from the user’s perspective, measuring instruments to elicit users’ opinions, and approaches to analyse the elicited data to conclude an evaluation. This paper provides a literature review of the quality evaluation of DLs based on users’ perceptions. Its main contribution is to bring together previously disparate streams of work to help shed light on this thriving area. In addition, the various studies are discussed, and some challenges to be faced in the future are proposed.

Reality and Textuality

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
David D. Cooper ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Education ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Liberal Humanism ◽  
Internal Contradiction ◽  
Moral Debate ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Political Alignments ◽  
Epistemological Relativism

For the past two decades, the humanistic disciplines have been dominated by poststructuralist theories and, more recently, a not unrelated curricular philosophy best defined as hardline multiculturalism, much discussed and often misunderstood. When linked together, they form an internal contradiction that is the moral challenge of liberal education today. Traditional political alignments cannot explain current divisions among the humanities professoriate. Ideological quarrels only obscure a deeper moral debate between an ascendant poststructuralism and a resurgent liberal humanism. It is important to reappropriate liberal humanism in an effort to revitalize humanistic inquiry and renew its place in creative public discourse, and check a danger posed by poststructuralism's fascination with power and epistemological relativism which threaten to erase the ethical border between education and indoctrination.

Știrile false: limite și perspective ale analizei lingvistice

Transilvania ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Anca-Simina Martin ◽  
Simina-Maria Terian
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Processing Techniques

This article sets out to offer an overview and a review of the latest linguistic research into fake news. To this end, the authors put forward a critical discussion of the paradigms and instruments deployed over the past decade to analyze and identify this textual (micro)genre, from natural language processing techniques to critical discourse analysis. The conclusion of our study is that a proper understanding of the fake news phenomenon can only be achieved by bringing together qualitative and quantitative methods.

Positivism, Historicism, and Political Inquiry

1972 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 796-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Inquiry ◽  
Epistemological Position ◽  
Epistemological Relativism

The present controversy between “behavioral” and “postbehavioral” views of political inquiry reflects a larger dispute between two opposing theories of knowledge. Whereas the behavioral movement has its epistemological roots in positivism and, ultimately, in classical British empiricism, the most recent protest against behavioralism draws upon the theory of knowledge that has been the principal foe of empiricism over the past century. This theory of knowledge, which received the name “historicism” shortly after its emergence, had become the dominant epistemological position by the mid-twentieth century. This essay considers the general nature of historicism and its influence on the recent revolt against positivism in the philosophy of science. Finally, it examines the use that political scientists have made of historicist principles in opposing positivistic models of political inquiry. It argues that an epistemological relativism becomes unavoidable once certain premises of historicism are embraced.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for Cyber Security Applications: A Comprehensive Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
vinayakumar R ◽  
Mamoun Alazab ◽  
Soman KP ◽  
Sriram Srinivasan ◽  
Sitalakshmi Venkatraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

Deep Learning (DL), a novel form of machine learning (ML) is gaining much research interest due to its successful application in many classical artificial intelligence (AI) tasks as compared to classical ML algorithms (CMLAs). Recently, DL architectures are being innovatively modelled for diverse applications in the area of cyber security. The literature is now growing with DL architectures and their variations for exploring different innovative DL models and prototypes that can be tailored to suit specific cyber security applications. However, there is a gap in literature for a comprehensive survey reporting on such research studies. Many of the survey-based research have a focus on specific DL architectures and certain types of malicious attacks within a limited cyber security problem scenario of the past and lack futuristic review. This paper aims at providing a well-rounded and thorough survey of the past, present, and future DL architectures including next-generation cyber security scenarios related to intelligent automation, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data (BD), Blockchain, cloud and edge technologies. <br>This paper presents a tutorial-style comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art DL architectures for diverse applications in cyber security by comparing and analysing the contributions and challenges from various recent research papers. Firstly, the uniqueness of the survey is in reporting the use of DL architectures for an extensive set of cybercrime detection approaches such as intrusion detection, malware and botnet detection, spam and phishing detection, network traffic analysis, binary analysis, insider threat detection, CAPTCHA analysis, and steganography. Secondly, the survey covers key DL architectures in cyber security application domains such as cryptography, cloud security, biometric security, IoT and edge computing. Thirdly, the need for DL based research is discussed for the next generation cyber security applications in cyber physical systems (CPS) that leverage on BD analytics, natural language processing (NLP), signal and image processing and blockchain technology for smart cities and Industry 4.0 of the future. Finally, a critical discussion on open challenges and new proposed DL architecture contributes towards future research directions.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for Cyber Security Applications: A Comprehensive Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
vinayakumar R ◽  
Mamoun Alazab ◽  
Soman KP ◽  
Sriram Srinivasan ◽  
Sitalakshmi Venkatraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

Deep Learning (DL), a novel form of machine learning (ML) is gaining much research interest due to its successful application in many classical artificial intelligence (AI) tasks as compared to classical ML algorithms (CMLAs). Recently, DL architectures are being innovatively modelled for diverse applications in the area of cyber security. The literature is now growing with DL architectures and their variations for exploring different innovative DL models and prototypes that can be tailored to suit specific cyber security applications. However, there is a gap in literature for a comprehensive survey reporting on such research studies. Many of the survey-based research have a focus on specific DL architectures and certain types of malicious attacks within a limited cyber security problem scenario of the past and lack futuristic review. This paper aims at providing a well-rounded and thorough survey of the past, present, and future DL architectures including next-generation cyber security scenarios related to intelligent automation, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data (BD), Blockchain, cloud and edge technologies. <br>This paper presents a tutorial-style comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art DL architectures for diverse applications in cyber security by comparing and analysing the contributions and challenges from various recent research papers. Firstly, the uniqueness of the survey is in reporting the use of DL architectures for an extensive set of cybercrime detection approaches such as intrusion detection, malware and botnet detection, spam and phishing detection, network traffic analysis, binary analysis, insider threat detection, CAPTCHA analysis, and steganography. Secondly, the survey covers key DL architectures in cyber security application domains such as cryptography, cloud security, biometric security, IoT and edge computing. Thirdly, the need for DL based research is discussed for the next generation cyber security applications in cyber physical systems (CPS) that leverage on BD analytics, natural language processing (NLP), signal and image processing and blockchain technology for smart cities and Industry 4.0 of the future. Finally, a critical discussion on open challenges and new proposed DL architecture contributes towards future research directions.

scholarly journals WATER DISCHARGE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: AN UP TO DATE OVERVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Artem Iukhno ◽  
Sergei Buzmakov ◽  
Alisa Zorina
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Channel Width ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
New Instruments

Technological progress could not but affect the sphere of hydrometric measurements. New instruments have been implemented to add to such traditional measuring instruments as mechanical current meters or to replace them. Over the past 20 years, the number of different types measuring instruments has increased dramatically. That is why the analytical review and classification of these devices are needed to help with making appropriate management decisions in the field of streamflow monitoring and surveys. The article presents the multivariable classification of measuring instruments, based on such factors as: morphology scaling (channel width and depth), measuring conditions (open, weed or ice-covered channel), logistical factor (mobile or stationary) and required accuracy. Characteristics of each type of measuring instruments were also considered and the limitations of their applicability were described. The results presented in the paper are expected to expand the horizons of approaches used for estimation of water discharge.

scholarly journals Relativistic independence bounds nonlocality

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. eaav8370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishy Carmi ◽  
Eliahu Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Correlations ◽  
Physical Principle ◽  
Quantum Nonlocality ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nonlocal Correlations

If nature allowed nonlocal correlations other than those predicted by quantum mechanics, would that contradict some physical principle? Various approaches have been put forward in the past two decades in an attempt to single out quantum nonlocality. However, none of them can explain the set of quantum correlations arising in the simplest scenarios. Here, it is shown that generalized uncertainty relations, as well as a specific notion of locality, give rise to both familiar and new characterizations of quantum correlations. In particular, we identify a condition, relativistic independence, which states that uncertainty relations are local in the sense that they cannot be influenced by other experimenters’ choices of measuring instruments. We prove that theories with nonlocal correlations stronger than the quantum ones do not satisfy this notion of locality, and therefore, they either violate the underlying generalized uncertainty relations or allow experimenters to nonlocally tamper with the uncertainty relations of their peers.

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