Corrigendum to: Improved germination of the Australian natives: Hibbertia commutata, Hibbertia amplexicaulis (Dilleniaceae), Chamaescilla corymbosa (Liliaceae), and Leucopogon nutans (Epacridaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Sally M. Allan ◽  
Steve W. Adkins ◽  
Christine A. Preston ◽  
Sean M. Bellairs
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Site Rehabilitation ◽  
Smoke Water

Hibbertia commutata Steudel, H. amplexicaulis Steudel, Chamaescilla corymbosa (R.Br.) F.Muell. Ex Benth. and Leucopogon nutans E.Pritzel are four Australian species that are difficult to germinate during mine-site rehabilitation. Laboratory germination trails were conducted to identify dormancy mechanisms and to improve germination response. Treatments applied to all species included scarification and scarification followed by soaking seeds in smoke water (1, 5 or 10%) or gibberellic acid solution (50, 200 or 1000 μM). Additional treatments with kinetin solution (50, 200 or 1000 μM) and smoke water (50 or 100%) were applied to scarified or unscarified seeds of C. corymbosa. Thermal-shock treatment was applied to L. nutans fruit, some of which were subsequently scarified and subjected to both smoke water (10%) and gibberellic-acid solution (1000 μM). Significant germination increases were obtained by using dormancy-breaking treatments on H. commutata (12.8 to 76.0%), H. amplexicaulis (6.8 to 55.1%) and C. corymbosa (48.5 to 86.4%). Scarification alone increased germination of both Hibbertia species, suggesting that these species display a physical seed coat-imposed dormancy mechanism. Germination of H. amplexicaulis was further increased by the application of gibberellic-acid solution, indicating a possible embryo-imposed dormancy mechanism. Scarification followed by the application of smoke water produced the highest germination response for C. corymbosa seeds. Scarification alone did not significantly increase germination, inferring the existence of a smoke-responsive embryo dormancy mechanism. Seeds of L.�nutans, although viable, failed to germinate and are thought to display complex seed coat- and embryo-imposed dormancy mechanisms.

Improved germination of the Australian natives: Hibbertia commutata, Hibbertia amplexicaulis (Dilleniaceae), Chameascilla corymbosa (Liliaceae), and Leucopogon nutans (Epacridaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M. Allan ◽  
Steve W. Adkins ◽  
Christine A. Preston ◽  
Sean M. Bellairs
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Site Rehabilitation ◽  
Smoke Water

Hibbertia commutata (Steudel), H. amplexicaulis (Steudel), Chameascilla corymbosa [(R.Br.) F.Muell. Ex Benth.] and Leucopogon nutans (E.Pritzel) are four Australian species that are difficult to germinate during mine-site rehabilitation. Laboratory germination trails were conducted to identify dormancy mechanisms and to improve germination response. Treatments applied to all species included scarification and scarification followed by soaking seeds in smoke water (1, 5 or 10%) or gibberellic acid solution (50, 200 or 1000 μM). Additional treatments with kinetin solution (50, 200 or 1000 μM) and smoke water (50 or 100%) were applied to scarified or unscarified seeds of C. corymbosa. Thermal-shock treatment was applied to L. nutans fruit, some of which were subsequently scarified and subjected to both smoke water (10%) and gibberellic-acid solution (1000 μM). Significant germination increases were obtained by using dormancy-breaking treatments on H. commutata (12.8 to 76.0%), H. amplexicaulis (6.8 to 55.1%) and C. corymbosa (48.5 to 86.4%). Scarification alone increased germination of both Hibbertia species, suggesting that these species display a physical seed coat-imposed dormancy mechanism. Germination of H. amplexicaulis was further increased by the application of gibberellic-acid solution, indicating a possible embryo-imposed dormancy mechanism. Scarification followed by the application of smoke water produced the highest germination response for C. corymbosa seeds. Scarification alone did not significantly increase germination, inferring the existence of a smoke-responsive embryo dormancy mechanism. Seeds of L.�nutans, although viable, failed to germinate and are thought to display complex seed coat- and embryo-imposed dormancy mechanisms.

Germination response to phytochrome depends on specific dormancy states in wild oat (Avena fatua)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1528-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Q. Hou ◽  
G. M. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Genetic Origins

Effects of brief red and far-red light on germination of seeds from dormant lines of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) were studied in combination with mechanical injury to the seed coat, application of gibberellin A3, or changes in relative humidity during afterripening. Aberrant germination responses to phytochrome action were observed in the mechanically injured seeds in some of the lines, i.e., brief red light inhibited or delayed germination induced by injury, and immediately following far-red light cancelled the negative effects. Phytochrome action influenced germination of the gibberellin-treated seeds in a normal fashion, although effects of the gibberellic acid and brief red light on germination were not additive. Brief red light inhibited germination of seeds afterripened in zero relative humidity; the same light promoted germination of those in 30 and 60% relative humidity. Germination response to phytochrome in wild oat depends on specific seed dormancy states, illustrated by genetic origins, dormancy-breaking methods and afterripening conditions. Key words: Avena fatua, dormancy, mechanical injury, gibberellin A3, phytochrome, relative humidity.

Smoke stimulates germination in two divergent Gondwanan species (Hibbertiapancheri and Scaevola montana) endemic to the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien S. Wulff ◽  
Shane R. Turner ◽  
Bruno Fogliani ◽  
Laurent L'Huillier
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
First Time ◽  
Smoke Water

AbstractDue to shared geological history and proximity, the flora of New Caledonia is closely linked to other Gondwanan land fragments such as Australia and New Zealand. Many predominant Australian groups are well represented within the New Caledonian flora, including the genera Hibbertia (23 species) and Scaevola (10 species). Previous studies have found that these two genera in particular have a marked positive germination response to smoke products, although all previous studies have centred on Australian species from fire-prone environments. In this present study, we test the hypothesis that two New Caledonian species of Hibbertia and Scaevola are smoke responsive even though the climate and ecological drivers in New Caledonia are in many respects fundamentally different from those of most of Australia. Preliminary results showed that germination of Hibbertia pancheri was significantly accelerated in response to smoke water while germination in Scaevola montana was also significantly enhanced. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these trends have been illustrated for any New Caledonian species and these results will enhance restoration efforts of ultramafic scrublands impacted by mining activities in New Caledonia.

scholarly journals Techniques for breaking seed dormancy of rainforest species from genus Acronychia

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Ganesha S. Liyanage ◽  
Catherine A. Offord ◽  
Karen D. Sommerville
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽  
Impermeable Seed Coat

We tested for dormancy in three species of Acronychia (Rutaceae) occurring in the rainforest in eastern Australia, A. imperforata, A. laevis and A. oblongifolia, by incubating fresh intact seeds on 0.8% water agar for one month at 25/10°C. Four different techniques were then tested for their effect on dormancy: (i) incubation of intact seeds on agar incorporating gibberellic acid (GA3); (ii) seed coat removal (decoating); (iii) scarification near the radicle emergence point (scarification-emergence point); and (iv) scarification opposite the radicle emergence point (scarification-back). Imbibition tests were performed to determine whether dormancy was due to an impermeable seed coat. Germination differed among treatments, but all three species showed a similar pattern. Intact seeds showed < 6% germination after one month indicating the presence of dormancy. Highest germination (> 65%) was observed following scarification-emergence point treatment. Seed coat removal also resulted in increased germination (40-47%), in comparison with intact seeds, but GA3 and scarification-back treatments did not (< 12%). Though the seedcoats of all species were permeable, increased germination responses to decoating and scarification-emergence point treatments suggest scarification is required to clear the radicle emergence point. This may be a useful dormancy-breaking technique for Acronychia spp. and may be suitable for related Rutaceae species.

Weed Seed Germination Responses to Chemical and Physical Treatments

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Holm ◽  
M. R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Physical Treatments

The germination responses of seeds from 11 weed species to various chemical and physical treatments were studied. Germination of nine species was promoted by gibberellic acid and inhibited by abscisic acid, suggesting that germination of some weed seeds may be controlled by appropriate levels of these substances. Most of the weeds that germinated better after a hot-water soak treatment responded to sonication and infrared treatment, indicating that temperature was a factor in the germination response obtained with these methods, although physical disruption of the seed coat also was involved.

Germination of Cocklebur Seeds: Interactions Between Gibberellic Acid, Benzyladenine, Thiourea, KNO3 and Gaseous Factors

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Esashi ◽  
Y Hata ◽  
H Katoh
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Germination Period ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Germination Stimulants ◽  
Underground Habitat

The germination response of small, upper seeds of cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) was examined with respect to the germination stimulants oxygen, CO2, ethylene, gibberellic acid, benzyladenine, thiourea and KNO3. Thiourea, benzyladenine, ethylene and oxygen-enriched air (50% O2) stimulated germination, but gibberellic acid was only slightly effective and KNO3 had little effect. In contact with thiourea or CO2, seeds usually germinated by extrusion of the radicle without any change of germination pattern, but while in O2-enriched air the seed coat was predominantly ruptured at the cotyledon end. In about half of the seeds germinated with ethylene, benzyladenine and gibberellic acid, the seed coat split at the cotyledon side. Trapping of endogenously evolved ethylene and CO2 from the ambient atmosphere did not affect the actions of benzyladenine and gibberellic acid, but the action of thiourea was significantly reduced by trapping CO2. Except for thiourea, with which the CO2 production was enhanced, benzyladenine, gibberellic acid and KNO3 did not increase CO2 and ethylene production from the seed in the germination period. The maximum germination percentage was obtained by a combi- nation of CO2, ethylene, gibberellic acid and benzyladenine, but the interaction of gibberellic acid and benzyladenine was not significant. In contrast, the interaction of gibberellic acid and ethylene was very effective, and further addition of CO2 to this combination hastened the germination in air and also facilitated it under the semi-anaerobiosis assumed to exist in a natural underground habitat, although the effect of benzyladenine alone was nearly completely suppressed by semi- anaerobiosis. Thus the particular importance of CO2, ethylene and gibberellic acid in the normal germination regulation of this seed is suggested.

Effect of Soluble Sugars and Gibberellic Acid in Breaking Dormancy of Excised Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Embryos

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
N6 Medium

Dormant line M73 wild oat caryopses were utilized to develop a system for the culture of excised embryos, to evaluate whether embryo dormancy exists, and to investigate the physiological basis for breaking dormancy. Dormant embryos cultured on N6 medium solidified with 0.25% Bacto agar displayed 70% germination in 2 d compared with approximately 20% for the other gelling agents. The non-plant-based gelling agent gellum at a concentration of 0.25% was selected for further experiments on breaking dormancy after it was determined that concentrations ≥ 0.5% decreased the rate of germination. Amending N6 medium with concentrations of 0.1 to 10 μM gibberellic acid (GA) increased the rate and extent of germination. Embryos treated with 0 to 0.01 μM GA required 6 d to attain 90% germination. Germination of dormant embryos on N6 medium without GA suggested that either true embryo dormancy did not exist in M73 or some constituent of the N6 medium promoted breaking of dormancy. Subsequent experiments indicated that the 88 mM sucrose was the constituent in the N6 medium responsible for breaking dormancy. Concentrations of sucrose from 40 to 200 mM were effective in breaking dormancy. Ten μM GA increased the rate and extent of germination of embryos cultured with 88 to 200 mM sucrose. At 88 mM, fructose, maltose, glucose, and sucrose all broke embryo dormancy. Fructose was the most active soluble sugar for breaking embryo dormancy, promoting nearly 100% germination in 4 d. As with sucrose, there was an interaction between GA and the soluble sugars in breaking dormancy. Ten μM GA with 88 mM fructose provided nearly 100% germination in 1 d. Amylose, but not amylopectin or pullulan, may substitute for soluble sugars. However, with 10 μM GA amylose, amylopectin and pullulan were equally effective in breaking dormancy. Breaking dormancy of embryos on N6 medium was independent of temperatures from 12 to 24 C in the presence of GA, but in its absence the optimum was 12 C. Application of GA to dormant caryopses significantly increased and decreased the level of glucose and sucrose, respectively, in the embryo. Gibberellic acid had a similar effect on glucose and sucrose in the endosperm tissue, except the differences were not significant at all times after treatment. The change in carbohydrate metabolism, especially in embryo tissue, may be important when considered in context with the observation that soluble sugars and GA act independently in breaking dormancy in excised M73 embryos. Breaking wild oat embryo dormancy with GA may be mainly a substitution for sugar requirement.

Dormancy in seeds of Hibbertia cuneiformis and H. huegelii (Dilleniaceae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schatral ◽  
J. M. Osborne ◽  
J. E. D. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Chemical Inhibition ◽  
Germination Experiments

Dormancy delays the germination of seeds in two species of the primitive angiosperm genus Hibbertia (H. cuneiformis and H. huegelii, family Dilleniaceae). After seed coat removal, germination increased in 18-month-old seeds of H. cuneiformis and 6- to 8-month-old seeds of H. huegelii. Hence, seeds of the two species exhibit seed coat dormancy. The removal of the seed coat may stimulate germination, as the result of increased water uptake, and/or the removal of mechanical and chemical inhibition. However, the occurrence of imbibitional injury and a reduced percentage of vigorous seedlings in decoated seeds suggest that embryo dormancy, as a second type of dormancy, impedes germination in H. cuneiformis. Embryo dormancy also delays the germination of seeds of H. huegelii, since a high percentage of seeds did not germinate after removal of the seed coat. Embryo dormancy appears to vary among individual seeds and between species. The germination experiments suggest a high percentage of non-dormant and weakly dormant embryos for 18-month-old seeds of H. cuneiformis. By contrast, many seeds of H. huegelii appear to contain deeply dormant embryos. In H. cuneiformis, the depth of the seed dormancy varied with the age of the seeds. Freshly harvested seeds did not germinate for 3 months. Treatment with gibberellic acid (GA3) (120 mg L-1) significantly enhanced germination of freshly harvested and 18-month-old, intact seeds of H. cuneiformis and the germination of decoated 18-month-old seeds of H. huegelii. The plant hormones kinetin and abscisic acid did not affect the final germination percentage in 18-month-old seeds of H. cuneiformis. For H. huegelii, germination was reduced in decoated seeds and seeds with cracked coats exposed to an 8 h day: 16 h night diurnal cycle compared with complete darkness.

Optimising smoke treatments for jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest rehabilitation

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Norman ◽  
Julie A. Plummer ◽  
John M. Koch ◽  
Greg R. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Forest Rehabilitation ◽  
Irreversible Nature ◽  
Smoke Water

Alcoa is undertaking rehabilitation in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata D.Don ex Sm.) forest of Western Australia, following bauxite mining. One of the methods used in the rehabilitation program is broadcasting seeds; however, about two-thirds of species require seed-dormancy-breaking treatments. Smoke overcomes dormancy and enhances the germination of many jarrah forest species. Smoke-application methods were investigated to find the best seed treatment for 64 jarrah forest species. The optimum duration of seed imbibition in aqueous smoke and dilution of the aqueous smoke product were also investigated. The method of smoke application was important. Smoke water enhanced the germination of 12% of species, whereas aerosol smoke enhanced the germination of 6% of species. Both Grevillea pilulifera (Lindl.) Druce and Velleia trinervis Labill. had germination enhanced by both smoke-application methods. Aerosol smoke inhibited the germination of Clematis pubescens Endl. and Hypocalymma angustifolium (Endl.) Schauer. A total of 78% of species did not exhibit significantly enhanced germination when smoke treated, including the two species inhibited by smoke treatment. Germination was equivalent following 1- and 12-h imbibition in the aqueous smoke extract. Dilutions of the aqueous extract Regen 2000 Smokemaster from 1 to 3% were optimal for the germination of Marianthus bicolor (Putt.) F.Muell and Stylidium amoenum R.Br., even after subsequent washing with water, demonstrating the irreversible nature of smoke treatments. For species that did not exhibit smoke-enhanced germination, other dormancy-breaking treatments may be required before a response to smoke is elicited. These results have application to a wide variety of natural managed lands, disturbed and designed landscapes.

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