Some Methodological Issues in Neuroethics: The Case of Responsibility and Psychopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-693
Author(s):  
Luca Malatesti ◽  
John McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Moral Understanding ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Psychological Capacities

AbstractThere are some distinct methodological challenges, and possible pitfalls, for neuroethics when it evaluates neuroscientific results and links them to issues such as moral or legal responsibility. Some problems emerge in determining the requirements for responsibility. We will show how philosophical proposals in this area need to interact with legal doctrine and practice. Problems can occur when inferring normative implications from neuroscientific results. Other problems arise when it is not recognized that data about brain anatomy or physiology are relevant to the ascription of responsibility only when they are significantly correlated with the psychological capacities contemplated by the legal formulations of responsibility. We will demonstrate this by considering two significant cases concerning psychopathy. Some paradigms that aim at measuring higher-order capacities, such as moral understanding, have limited validity. More robust paradigms for the study of learning in restricted controlled conditions, on the other hand, have limited ecological validity across individuals and context to be of any use for the law.

Accounting research production and evaluation: The view of the professionals

2017 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Orazio Vagnozzi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Research Production ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
Mutual Knowledge ◽  
The One

The existence of a gap between accounting research and accounting practice has been extensively described in literature. In order to be able to publish a research in a high-ranked accounting journal, it seems that methodological issues are more important than those related to the relevance of the topics covered. To improve research and accounting practice and to avoid the risk of accounting research becoming selfreferential, every effort should be made to bridge the current gap between research and accounting practice. To this end, the development of mutual knowledge of the agenda of researchers and practitioners on the one hand, and participation in joint projects on the other, could represent possible future solutions to be pursued.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham A. Singer
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Normative Analysis ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Key Features

This chapter introduces the main argument of the book, describing key concepts such as the idea of “norm-governed productivity,” the use of norms to structure cooperation instead of prices. It then defines the concept of the corporation, describing the institution’s key features, and lays out the general structure of the book. Finally, it considers some conceptual and methodological issues that frame the rest of the book: the distinction between economic and political approaches, and the problem of trying to subsume the topic wholly into one or the other; and an argument for why a normative analysis of the corporation has to take certain features of markets and capitalism for granted.

scholarly journals Voigt Transform and Umbral Image

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Silvia Licciardi ◽  
Rosa Maria Pidatella ◽  
Marcello Artioli ◽  
Giuseppe Dattoli
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Umbral Calculus ◽  
Laguerre Functions ◽  
Hermite And Laguerre Functions ◽  
Higher Order Functions ◽  
Voigt Function

In this paper, we show that the use of methods of an operational nature, such as umbral calculus, allows achieving a double target: on one side, the study of the Voigt function, which plays a pivotal role in spectroscopic studies and in other applications, according to a new point of view, and on the other, the introduction of a Voigt transform and its possible use. Furthermore, by the same method, we point out that the Hermite and Laguerre functions, extension of the corresponding polynomials to negative and/or real indices, can be expressed through a definition in a straightforward and unified fashion. It is illustrated how the techniques that we are going to suggest provide an easy derivation of the relevant properties along with generalizations to higher order functions.

Private property, public access and occupiers’ liability

Legal Studies ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-355
Author(s):  
FR Barker ◽  
NDM Parry
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Public Access ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Policy Preference ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Liability Rules ◽  
Legal Rules

There is nothing new about legal rules which provide that a person who is in control of land owes a duty of care to entrants thereto. These occupiers’ liability rules are often seen as something primarily to do with tort, but their content and substance are also likely to reveal a good deal about the ‘property policy’ of the legal system in question, in the sense that they will indicate the respective weight and importance attachkd to various kinds of competing claim over land. A legal system containing rules that restrict the circumstances in which those with individual, controlling claims over land owe a duty of care to other persons entering that land would appear to indicate a policy preference for supporting and protecting ‘private property’ claims to land above others. On the other hand, a system which imposes on those controlling land a greater degree of legal responsibility for persons entering thereon may be one based on a policy of recognising, protecting and supporting a range of claims in land beyond those of a narrow, private nature.

scholarly journals Rationales and Applications of Mutuality of Obligations in Iranian Contract Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Majid Sarbazian ◽  
Soroush Rostamzad Asli
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Main Challenge

In Iranian laws, commitment is exchangeable if it is of proper and rational interest. In exchangeable contracts, it needs that parties perform their commitments mutually and in the case of not performing the commitments by one party, another one can refuse its commitments as called lien. There are also cases in which some terms are cancelled since they destroy the powers of one party to enforce the other party in performing his commitment. On this basis, the main challenge of present paper is to study the nature and status of mutuality of obligations doctrine in Iranian laws and studying its basics and implications. At the end, it is recognized that although mutuality of obligations is not raised in Iranian laws as a legal doctrine, it is effective in shaping and undertaking an exchangeable commitment.

scholarly journals Methodological Issues in Macro Comparative Research: An Introduction

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kentor
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
World System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The World

This special issue of JWSR is the offspring of an ASA Political Economy of the World System session that I organized in 2007. My thanks to Andrew Jorgenson, co-editor of JWSR, who moderated the session and proposed that I put together a special issue on this topic. In turn, I asked Timothy Moran to join me as co-editor of this issue. Tim is one of the foremost quantitative macro-comparative sociologists in the country, and was the discussant on the PEWS panel. Tim provides a summary and discussion of the contributions in the conclusion. As it turns out, only two of the panel presentations are included in this issue. The other two were submitted in response to a general call for papers. All four manuscripts were peer reviewed.

scholarly journals Philosophical remarks about educational materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. e055005
Author(s):  
Elena Theodoropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
The One

The connection between a non philosophical work and its reception in education through its transformation into a learning/teaching material and a possible philosophical reading, in order to recognize and define the philosophical stance of this very material, could not but be a challenge for philosophy of education itself, namely, in its relation to (or as) practical philosophy. This kind of reduction to the state of material could instrumentalize the latter raising practical, ethical and methodological issues about the pedagogical intention itself; subsequently, the art, literature, philosophy, and science lying behind materials become equally instrumentalized and evacuated. This article attempts, on the one hand, to circumscribe and describe this movement of “becoming material” as a question philosophically and pedagogically challenging and, on the other, to reflect about a critical understanding of this very question as an example of research in practical philosophy. 

A memory system in the monkey

1982 ◽  
Vol 298 (1089) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Model ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dorsomedial Nucleus ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Stimulus Representation ◽  
Parallel Circuits ◽  
Sensory Pathway ◽  
Cortical Circuit

A neural model is presented, based largely on evidence from studies in monkeys, postulating that coded representations of stimuli are stored in the higher-order sensory (i.e. association) areas of the cortex whenever stimulus activation of these areas also triggers a cortico-limbo-thalamo-cortical circuit. This circuit, which could act as either an imprinting or rehearsal mechanism, may actually consist of two parallel circuits, one involving the amygdala and the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus, and the other the hippocampus and the anterior nuclei. The stimulus representation stored in cortex by action of these circuits is seen as mediating three different memory processes: recognition, which occurs when the stored representation is reactivated via the original sensory pathway; recall, when it is reactivated via any other pathway; and association, when it activates other stored representations (sensory, affective, spatial, motor) via the outputs of the higher-order sensory areas to the relevant structures.

Universals, innateness and explanation in second language acquisition

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Eckman
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Typology ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Typological Approach

This paper considers the question of explanation in second language acquisition within the context of two approaches to universals, Universal Grammar and language typology. After briefly discussing the logic of explaining facts by including them under general laws (Hempel & Oppenheim 1948), the paper makes a case for the typological approach to explanation being the more fruitful, in that it allows more readily for the possibility of ‘explanatory ascent’, the ability to propose more general, higher order explanations by having lower-level generalizations follow from more general principles. The UG approach, on the other hand is less capable of such explanatory ascent because of the postulation that the innate, domain-specific principles of UG are not reducible in any interesting way to higher order principles of cognition (Chomsky 1982).

scholarly journals Long-term observations of pulsars in the globular clusters 47 Tucanae and M15

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S337) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
A. Ridolfi ◽  
P. C. C. Freire ◽  
M. Kramer ◽  
C. G. Bassa ◽  
F. Camilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Spin Period ◽  
Emission Beam ◽  
System Geometry

AbstractMulti-decade observing campaigns of the globular clusters 47 Tucanae and M15 have led to an outstanding number of discoveries. Here, we report on the latest results of the long-term observations of the pulsars in these two clusters. For most of the pulsars in 47 Tucanae we have measured, among other things, their higher-order spin period derivatives, which have in turn provided stringent constraints on the physical parameters of the cluster, such as its distance and gravitational potential. For M15, we have studied the relativistic spin precession effect in PSR B2127+11C. We have used full-Stokes observations to model the precession effect, and to constrain the system geometry. We find that the visible beam of the pulsar is swiftly moving away from our line of sight and may very soon become undetectable. On the other hand, we expect to see the opposite emission beam sometime between 2041 and 2053.

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