Genetic diversity between Italian and Greek buffalo populations

SummaryThe present study is a first step of a global project aiming at the estimation of the genetic distances and relationships among buffalo breeds and sub-populations and the investigation of the production potential and adaptability of different buffalo genotypes in various environments.Genetic diversity of Italian and Greek buffalo populations was estimated on the basis of allele frequencies at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci: CSSM43, CSSM38, DRB3, D21S4, CYP21, CSSM47, CSSM60, CSSM36 and CSSM33. The number of detected alleles per locus varied from two (D21S4) to thirteen (CSSM47). Allele frequency distribution was similar in the two populations, which have the same alleles at the highest frequency at all loci, except loci CSSM47 and CSSM60. Average gene diversity over all loci was 0.60. Across-loci average gene diversity increased with the number of alleles. Observed average heterozygosity was 0.167 and 0.177 in the Italian and Greek populations, respectively. The degree of differentiation between Italian and Greek buffalo was moderate and estimated at 0.021 ± 0.009.

Download Full-text

Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers in Chamaecyparis obtusa

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x01-145 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 2248-2251 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Y Nakao ◽

H Iwata ◽

A Matsumoto ◽

Y Tsumura ◽

N Tomaru

Keyword(s):

Microsatellite Loci ◽

Magnetic Beads ◽

Genomic Library ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽

Mendelian Inheritance ◽

Average Gene Diversity ◽

Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽

Average Gene

Nine microsatellite loci in hinoki, Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl., were identified and characterized. A genomic library, developed using enrichment with magnetic beads, was screened to identify microsatellite repeats (CT/AG). The microsatellite loci, where the alleles were segregated, displayed codominant Mendelian inheritance. Genetic analysis of 16 plus trees and two unrelated individuals of Chamaecyparis obtusa revealed that all loci were highly polymorphic, with an average of 10.3 alleles per locus, and an average gene diversity of 0.77. The applicability of these microsatellite loci was also tested in other species of the Cupressaceae and in Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don (Taxodiaceae, a family closely related to Cupressaceae). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was successful for about half of the loci of the species in the genus Chamaecyparis. However, the PCR amplification patterns of the 11 species of Cupressaceae showed no clear correlations with their molecular phylogeny. The highly polymorphic microsatellite loci in Chamaecyparis obtusa, identified here, will be useful in studies of hinoki breeding and population genetics.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Genetic Diversity within Nepalese Maize Populations Using SSR Markers

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v11i0.4082 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dil Bahadur Gurung ◽

Maria Luz C George ◽

Quirino D Dela Cruz

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Maize Populations ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Ssr Loci ◽

Average Gene ◽

Hybrid Maize

Information on genetic diversity and relationships among breeding materials is necessary for hybrid maize breeding. Four open-pollinated varieties were analyzed using SSR markers to determine the genetic diversity within the varieties. In each variety, 15 individuals were genotyped with 30 SSR markers. Average heterozygosity percentage of the varieties was 45.07%, ranging from 35.23% in Rampur Composite to 54.64% in Khumal Yellow, indicating the higher level of heterozygosity in these two varieties. An average PIC value across all the polymorphic SSR loci was 0.50; which ranged from 0.47 in Manakamana-2 to 0.52 in Khumal Yellow and Arun-4. At the genotype level, the range was from 0.07 in umc1161 to 0.84 in umc1136. The total number of alleles detected was 415 for 30 SSR markers in 60 genotypes. The unique and common alleles detected respectively were 27 and 71. The average number of alleles per locus was 3.45 among the varieties, ranging from 3.21in Manakamana-2 to 3.76 in Khumal Yellow. Average gene diversity across the varieties was 0.54 and ranged from 0.51 in Manakamana-2 to 0.56 in Khumal Yellow and Arun-4. The genetic similarity coefficient of all individuals among the varieties was seen at 0.35.The MRD values were higher between Arun-4 and Manakamana-2 (0.290) and low between Khumal Yellow and Rampur Composite (0.221). Estimate of genetic distances among the varieties showed that Rampur Composite, Khumal Yellow, and Manakamana-2 were closely related sharing the similar genetic backgrounds, whereas Arun-4 was genetically more distantly related. Efforts are being made for the development and evaluation of inbred lines from these distantly related maize varieties for developing high yielding maize hybrids. Key Words: genetic diversity; maize hybrid; SSR markers DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4082Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 1-8

Download Full-text

Genetic Diversity in Domestic and Introduced Wheats

Agriculture (Pol nohospodárstvo) ◽

10.2478/agri-2013-0009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

Martina Hudcovicová ◽

Katarína Ondreičková ◽

Pavol Hauptvogel ◽

Ján Kraic

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Polymorphic Markers ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Average Gene Diversity ◽

Average Gene

Abstract A set of 33 wheat EST-SSR markers was designed and 18 from them were polymorphic and used for assessment of genetic diversity within 36 introduced genotypes of hexaploid bread wheat. Altogether 105 alleles were detected, in average 3.18 alleles per locus. Maximum number of alleles 14 was detected at the locus TDI389708. Five the most polymorphic markers were used for the evaluation and comparison of genetic variation within 46 domestic (Slovak) wheat genotypes and 36 introduced (foreign) wheat genotypes. The number of alleles per used primer pair within domestic genotypes varied from 7 to 19, with an average of 13.2 alleles, an average gene diversity 0.846 and PIC 0.980 per locus. The number of alleles per primer within introduced genotypes varied from 7 to 14, with an average of 10.8 alleles, an average gene diversity 0.780 and PIC 0.958 per locus. The level of polymorphism in EST- SSRs was sufficient for discrimination between genotypes and variation within domestic genotypes was slightly higher than in introduced genotypes. Variation revealed by 5 selected EST-SSR markers clustered genotypes according to origin. Domestic and introduced wheats were grouped distinctly into two separate groups.

Download Full-text

Keragaman Genetik 50 Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai Berdasarkan Sepuluh Penanda Mikrosatelit

Jurnal AgroBiogen ◽

10.21082/jbio.v7n2.2011.p96-105 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chaerani Chaerani ◽

Nurul Hidayatun ◽

Dwinita Wikan Utami

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Soybean Germplasm ◽

System A ◽

Efficient Management ◽

Variety Protection ◽

Average Gene ◽

Dna Microsatellite

Genetic Diversity of 50 Soybean Accessions Based on Ten Microsatellite Markers. Chaerani, Nurul Hidayatun, and Dwinita W. Utami. Soybean accessions in germplasm collection have increased in number as a result of exploration, introduction as well as development or release of new commercial varieties. This complicates accurate and reliable evaluation of an accession for purposes of utilization in breeding program and discrimination of a new commercial variety for purposes of plant variety protection. The aims of this study were to identify the genetic diversity of soybean germplasm to complement the existing phenotypic database as the basis for efficient management and accurate discrimination of commercial varieties, and to identify potential parents for hybridizations. Fifty soybean accessions consisting of 12 released varieties, 32 local varieties, and 6 introductions were analyzed using microsatellite DNA markers based on semi-automatic sizing system. A total of 86 alleles were detected with the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 16. Rare alleles were detected at a rate of 53% which was shown by 68% of the genotypes. Informativeness of the microsatellite markers as measured by the average gene diversity (D) or polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.60 and 0.58, respectively. A heterozygosity level of 0.09 as detected by seven loci was observed among 64% of the genotypes. The average genetic distance among the genotypes was 0.56, which indicated the relatively low polymorphism among the analyzed soybean germplasm. Four microsatellites that showed a high D or PIC value (over 0.75) were able to discriminate between accession reliably. Each soybean accession had different DNA microsatellite fingerprint which can be used for accurate discrimination to complement the previous conventional characterizations. UPGMA clustering separated the 50 accessions into 10 major clusters, which showed no clear pattern of clustering according to varietal group or geographical origin. Genetic similarity data identified five clusters and 15 genotypes with highest intercluster or inter-genotype genetic distances which are potential candidates to be exploited as parents in hybridizations for development of new commercial varieties.

Download Full-text

Genetic Diversity among Calamus brandisii Becc. (Arecaceae) Populations in Kerala Part of Western Ghats

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-xm8ipx ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 38-42

Author(s):

Kavungal Priya ◽

◽

Indira . ◽

Vadakkethil Balakrishnan Sreekumar ◽

Renuka . ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Western Ghats ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Issr Markers ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Western Ghats Of India ◽

The Mean ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Two Populations

Calamus brandisii Becc. is one of the endemic slender rattans found in the Western Ghats of India. The genetic diversity of two main populations available in Kerala was investigated using 20 RAPD and 9 ISSR markers. Two parameters viz., gene diversity and genetic diversity within and among populations were analyzed. ISSR analysis showed quite high genetic diversity in Pandimotta compared to Bonacaud population whereas in RAPD markers both these populations were moderately diverse. The percentage of total genetic differentiation (Gst) among two populations is relatively higher than the mean Gst value indicating high genetic diversity within the populations. The genetic distance between these two populations was 0.1739 with ISSR markers and 0.1971 with RAPD markers. Because of its high genetic diversity, Pandimotta population can be treated as an important population of gene diversity with potentially useful genes. This may be included in the high priority reservoir for genetic conservation also.

Download Full-text

Marked differences in genetic diversity and differentiation between the centre and edge of the geographical range of Megaleranthis saniculifolia (Ranunculaceae), a Korean endemic species

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt12033 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (7) ◽

pp. 582

Author(s):

Ji Hee Jeong ◽

Zin-Suh Kim

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Peripheral Region ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Allele Frequency Distribution ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Long Time ◽

Megaleranthis Saniculifolia ◽

Degree Of Differentiation ◽

Substantial Degree

The amount and distribution of genetic diversity within and between Megaleranthis saniculifolia Ohwi populations were compared between the central and peripheral regions of the species distribution. Allozyme and ISSR markers were used for genetic analysis of six populations from the central region (DY) and five populations from the peripheral region (MJ). Genetic diversity was substantially higher in the DY region than in the MJ region. Relatively uniform homozygote excess at many loci in most populations indicated that M. saniculifolia was influenced by a substantial degree of inbreeding in both regions. The degree of differentiation between populations was remarkably higher in the MJ region than in the DY region. Cluster analysis showed a trend towards separation between regions, although populations in the MJ region exhibited a slightly different trend according to the markers. We conclude that genetic drift has been affecting the populations in the MJ region for a long time, on the basis of their low genetic diversity, high differentiation, U-shaped allele-frequency distribution, and fixation of alleles towards opposing frequencies (1 or 0) among populations. In contrast, the DY region maintained relatively stable populations, although evidence of a recent bottleneck was found in one population. Along with some practical measures for genetic conservation, we present an optimal sample size for ex situ conservation to secure as many common alleles as possible.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Genetic Diversity in Naturally Regenerated Norway Spruce Stands and Seed Orchard Progeny Trials

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10100926 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 926 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dainis Ruņģis ◽

Solveiga Luguza ◽

Endijs Bāders ◽

Vilnis Šķipars ◽

Āris Jansons

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Seed Orchard ◽

Seed Orchards ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Ssr Loci ◽

Naturally Regenerated Stands ◽

Average Gene ◽

Environmental Events

Forest ecosystems in Europe are expected to experience changes in temperature and water regimes associated with increased risks of extreme environmental events and disasters. Genetic diversity and relatedness has been linked to resilience of forest stands and landscapes. Genetic diversity indicators were compared between a Norway spruce population naturally regenerated after extensive windthrow and Norway spruce progeny populations derived from two seed orchards. In addition, genetic diversity in an undisturbed stand in a long established national park and a spruce genetic resource stand were analyzed. Populations were genotyped at 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Average genetic diversity indicators were similar across populations. However, the total number of alleles, average number of alleles over all loci, effective number of alleles, average gene diversity, and average allelic richness were highest in the naturally regenerated population and lowest in one of the seed orchard progeny populations. The genetic diversity in progeny from seed orchards used for stand renewal is comparable to the genetic diversity in naturally regenerated stands. However, fluctuations in seed production between years can have a large impact on genetic diversity in seed orchard progeny. The use of improved Norway spruce germplasm deployed via clonal seed orchards for forest renewal can maintain similar levels of genetic diversity compared to naturally regenerated stands, while also increasing production and timber quality.

Download Full-text

Molecular characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes through SSR markers

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12082 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 389-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S Islam ◽

MS Haque ◽

RM Emon ◽

MM Islam ◽

SN Begum

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Allelic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Allele Number ◽

Average Gene

A study was undertaken to examine the genetic diversity of 12 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, using 4 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 10 alleles were found. Allele number per locus ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 2.5. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.2755 to 0.5411 with an average of 0.3839. The average gene diversity over all SSR loci for the 12 wheat genotypes was 0.4688, ranging from 0.3299 to 0.6042. Cluster analysis based on microsatellite allelic diversity discriminated the varieties into different clusters. Genetic diversity was the highest between variety Gourab and Akbar as well as Gourab and BAW-1064, showing a genetic distance value of 0.4697. The genetic distance was lowest between Balaka and Aghrani as well as Triticale and BAW-1036. Positive correlations were found between gene diversity, number of alleles, the allele size range and the types of repeat motif of microsatellite markers. It was found from this study that microsatellite markers could characterize and discriminate all of the genotypes. More primers should be used for saturation of different regions in further studies. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 389-398, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12082

Download Full-text

Genetic Diversity and Variability in Endangered Pantesco and Two Other Sicilian Donkey Breeds Assessed by Microsatellite Markers

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/648427 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Salvatore Bordonaro ◽

Anna Maria Guastella ◽

Andrea Criscione ◽

Antonio Zuccaro ◽

Donata Marletta

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Genetic Information ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Population Structure Analysis ◽

The Mean ◽

Differentiation Index

The genetic variability of Pantesco and other two Sicilian autochthonous donkey breeds (Ragusano and Grigio Siciliano) was assessed using a set of 14 microsatellites. The main goals were to describe the current differentiation among the breeds and to provide genetic information useful to safeguard the Pantesco breed as well as to manage Ragusano and Grigio Siciliano. In the whole sample, that included 108 donkeys representative of the three populations, a total of 85 alleles were detected. The mean number of alleles was lower in Pantesco (3.7), than in Grigio Siciliano and Ragusano (4.4 and 5.9, resp.). The three breeds showed a quite low level of gene diversity (He) ranging from 0.471 in Pantesco to 0.589 in Grigio. The overall genetic differentiation index (Fst) was quite high; more than 10% of the diversity was found among breeds. Reynolds’ () genetic distances, correspondence, and population structure analysis reproduced the same picture, revealing that, (a) Pantesco breed is the most differentiated in the context of the Sicilian indigenous breeds, (b) within Ragusano breed, two well-defined subgroups were observed. This information is worth of further investigation in order to provide suitable data for conservation strategies.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of nutraceuticals including vitamin B12 and xenobiotic degradation capacity of Pleurotus species

10.1101/805382 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yashvant Patel ◽

Sanjay Kumar Vishwakarma ◽

Kumari Sunita

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Dye Degradation ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Selection Process ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Crude Enzyme Extract ◽

Information Index ◽

Wide Range ◽

Laccase Enzyme ◽

Average Gene

AbstractDiverse edaphic zone (namely: usar, wastelands, forest area, wetlands, flood prone area and fertile lands) were identified in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh and collected species of Pleurotus for present study. A total of 39 purified isolates were evaluated for the presence of neutraceuticals like proteins, carbohydrates, phenolic and vitamin B12 along with xenobiotic dye degradation capacity for textile dyes (MG and BPB) and production of laccase enzyme simultaneously. Isolate no. 06, appeared most distant in dendrogram having two major clusters, which also showed highest MG degradation capacity, however, other isolates also showed excellent degradation of BPB; and the laccase activity was found in the range of 4.03 to 19.13 IU/ml of crude enzyme extract from mycelia. All the isolates used in the present study, were also mounted for their genetic diversity analysis through RAPD. Diversity study revealed gene frequency from 0.012 to 0.987 and the average gene diversity for all RAPD loci were 0.244. The Shannon Information Index was 0.397. The unbiased genetic similarity among all pairs of isolates was 0.36 to 0.93 with a mean of 0.64. Significant genetic diversity, nutraceuticals and laccase enzyme availability and dye degradation capacity within the studied genus Pleurotus was found, which makes necessary to carry out a selection process in each one for superior selection not only for human being but also many aquatic as well as other terrestrial flora and fauna. Present investigation suggest that due to wide range of variation within species, the adaptation of strains to different edaphic zones must be taken into account in selection processes.

Download Full-text