ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF CONSERVING ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Smith
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
International Action ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face

SUMMARYThe methods of preserving animal genetic resources and the benefits and disadvantages are reviewed. The economic value of preserving germplasm in the face of uncertain needs and opportunities for use in the future is calculated. The conclusion is that the benefits greatly exceed the costs, and in many conditions in developing countries it would be desirable both to preserve and to improve indigenous breeds. International action is desirable to maximize efficiency and minimize risk.

Conservation of animal genetic resources: approaches and technologies for in situ and ex situ conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Woolliams ◽  
O. Matika ◽  
J. Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Livestock Products

SummaryLivestock production faces major challenges through the coincidence of major drivers of change, some with conflicting directions. These are:1. An unprecedented global change in demands for traditional livestock products such as meat, milk and eggs.2. Large changes in the demographic and regional distribution of these demands.3. The need to reduce poverty in rural communities by providing sustainable livelihoods.4. The possible emergence of new agricultural outputs such as bio-fuels making a significant impact upon traditional production systems.5. A growing awareness of the need to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production.6. The uncertainty in the scale and impact of climate change. This paper explores these challenges from a scientific perspective in the face of the large-scale and selective erosion of our animal genetic resources, and concludes thai there is a stronger and more urgent need than ever before to secure the livestock genetic resources available to humankind through a comprehensive global conservation programme.

Conservation of farm animal genetic resources – a global view

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
R.A. Cardellino
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Farm Animal Genetic Resources

AbstractFarm animal genetic resources face a double challenge. On the one hand the demand for animal products is increasing in developing countries. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) has estimated that demand for meat will double by 2030 (2000 basis) and demand for milk will more than double in this 30-year period. On the other hand, animal genetic resources are disappearing rapidly worldwide. Over the past 15 years, 300 out of 6000 breeds identified by FAO have become extinct, and 1 to 2 breeds disappear every week. FAO has been requested by its member countries to develop and implement a global strategy for the management of farm animal genetic resources. It is important to conserve local breeds because many of them utilise lower quality feed, are more resilient to climatic stress, are more resistant to local parasites and diseases, and represent a unique source of genes for improving health and performance traits of industrial breeds. It is important also to develop and utilise local breeds that are genetically adapted to their environments. Genotype x environment interactions are important especially where extreme environments are involved. Most of these production environments are harsh, with very limited natural and managerial inputs, and they are not limited to developing countries. Animals genetically adapted to these conditions will be more productive at lower costs. They will support food, agriculture and cultural diversity, and will be effective in achieving local food security objectives. In many countries local communities depend on these adapted genetic resources. Their disappearance or drastic modification, for example by crossbreeding, absorption or replacement by exotic breeds, will have tremendous impacts on these human populations. Most breeds at risk are not supported by any established conservation activity or related policy, and breed extinction rates are increasing.

scholarly journals In-situ Conservation Strategy to Safeguard Sentul Chickens in the Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.Y. Asmara ◽  
A. Anang ◽  
T. Widjastuti ◽  
E. Sujana
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
West Java ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Future

Animal genetic resources such as indigenous chickens are part of biodiversity. Sentul chickens are one of indigenous chickens in Indonesia which are regarded as local to Ciamis District in West Java.  It is reported that the population of pure Sentul Chickens are in decline. This study was aimed to find out the current population of pure Sentul chickens in three areas in West Java and to develop a conservation strategy to safeguard Sentul chickens in the future. The study used qualitative method to gather data including literature review and key informant interviews. The informants consisted of a leader of farmer group and managers of breeding centers. The interviews were carried out in Ciamis, Majelengka and Bogor Districts. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results indicated that population of Sentul chickens in Ciamis are in decline, while population in areas outside Ciamis such as Bogor tend to increase. There is a need to develop an in-situ conservation program in which Ciamis District should be assigned to be the center area to provide pure Sentul chickens in West Java. To support the conservation program, stakeholders such as local government, research institutions, universities and farmer groups play important roles. Keywords: in-situconservation strategy, Sentul chickens, animal genetic resources, biodiversity.

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Genetik Padi Melalui Valuasi Ekonomi

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ening Ariningsih
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Conceptual Overview ◽  
Rice Genetic

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Indonesia has potency of widely diverse genetic resources of rice useful to assembly the new varieties. This study aimed to analyze (1) diversity of genetic resources and their utilization in the assembly of rice varieties; (2) importance of preserving the diversity of rice genetic resources; (3) a conceptual overview of economic valuation of genetic resources of rice; and (4) economic value of genetic resources of rice. This paper is a literature review related to genetic resources and economic valuation of rice. The results show that the economic valuation of genetic resources of rice necessary to do in order to become a reference for breeders of rice in assembling new varieties of rice in accordance with preferences of rice farmers and consumers, so that the new varieties of rice produced to be widely adopted and provide economic impact on communities. In addition, in the conditions of limited conservation budgets, economic valuation can be used to better focus efforts to manage genetic resources that are considered to provide greater economic benefits. The management of genetic resources could be done through exploration, conservation, characterization and evaluation, documentation, as well as the exchange of material and information between research institutions from home and abroad.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki potensi sumber daya genetik padi yang sangat beragam yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam perakitan varietas unggul baru padi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian mengenai (1) keanekaragaman sumber daya genetik padi dan pemanfaatannya dalam perakitan varietas unggul; (2) pentingnya pelestarian keanekaragaman sumber daya genetik padi; (3) tinjauan konseptual valuasi ekonomi sumber daya genetik padi; dan (4) nilai ekonomi sumber daya genetik padi. Tulisan ini merupakan review dari berbagai literatur terkait dengan sumber daya genetik padi dan valuasi ekonomi, khususnya valuasi ekonomi sumber daya genetik padi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa valuasi ekonomi sumber daya genetik padi penting untuk dilakukan supaya dapat menjadi acuan bagi para pemulia padi dalam merakit varietas unggul baru padi yang sesuai dengan preferensi petani padi maupun konsumen beras, sehingga varietas unggul baru padi yang dihasilkan dapat diadopsi secara luas dan memberikan dampak ekonomi yang besar bagi masyarakat. Di samping itu, dalam kondisi anggaran konservasi yang terbatas, valuasi ekonomi dapat digunakan untuk lebih memfokuskan upaya pengelolaan sumber daya genetik yang dinilai memberikan manfaat ekonomi lebih besar. Pengelolaan sumber daya genetik tersebut dilakukan dengan eksplorasi, konservasi, karakterisasi dan evaluasi, dokumentasi, serta pertukaran material dan informasi antara lembaga penelitian dari dalam dan luar negeri.</p>

scholarly journals Pre-breeding: a link between genetic resources and maize breeding

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Lourenço Nass ◽  
Ernesto Paterniani
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Future ◽  
Germplasm Banks

Activities related to genetic resources are characterized by high cost and long term return. Thus the conservation of genetic variability for the future and the efficient utilization of available accessions are two important goals to be attained. However, the low utilization of germplasm banks is not restricted to Brazil but to other developing countries as well. Therefore, pre-breeding is a promising alternative to link genetic resources and breeding programs. Several aspects for maize are discussed such as concept, importance, methods and results. Problems to be investigated and suggestions are also presented.

Animal genetic resources — the perspective for developing countries

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 33-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
The One

AbstractIn developed and developing countries livestock are very important contributors to total agricultural output. Many breeds of different species have become either extinct or nearly so. With the spread of more advanced agricultural systems to many parts of the world, specialized strains of livestock, from a greatly reduced number of breeds within a species, have been bred for specific, but widely different, environmental conditions. This has led to a dilemma in the context of the balance to be effected between conservation of the present variety of genetic resources on the one hand and the need to concentrate increasingly on a narrow range of genotypes in the interests of improved efficiency on the other hand. The paper addresses this dilemma and discusses the FAO-instigated global programme—Animal Genetic Resources — which was designed to monitor changes in animal genetic resources on a global scale with the development of legal and regulatory instruments where necessary.

The use of reproductive and molecular biotechnology in Animal Genetic Resources management - a global overview

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
D. Pilling ◽  
R. Cardellino ◽  
M. Zjalic ◽  
B. Rischkowsky ◽  
K.A. Tempelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
The State ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Animal Genetic Resource ◽  
Genetic Resources Management ◽  
Molecular Biotechnology

SummaryAs part of the country-driven strategy for the management of animal genetic resources, FAO invited 188 countries to participate in the preparation of the First Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources. Utilizing the information provided in the 148 country reports ready for analysis in July 2005, this paper presents a global overview of the state of capacity and utilization of reproductive and molecular biotechnologies in the management of animal genetic resources. Regional descriptions outline the distribution of different biotechnologies, along with a discussion of the species and breed focus of their use, and stakeholder involvement in service delivery. Unsurprisingly, there is a big gap in biotechnology use between developed and developing countries, with artificial insemination being the technology most widely applied in developing countries. More complex technologies such as embryo transfer and molecular tools, are even less common in developing countries. Use of biotechnologies is in general biased towards cattle, and examples of the application of biotechnologies in the management of locally adapted breeds are limited. Most developing countries express the wish to increase the utilization of biotechnologies. However, in many cases clear plans for incorporating technologies into animal genetic resource management are lacking.

EVALUATING PROJECT ROBUSTNESS THROUGH THE LENS OF THE BUSINESS MODEL

2009 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUSTIN M. REGINATO
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Value Network ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Creation

The success of large-scale innovative projects is increasingly a function of the marriage of multiple complex technologies and the ability to articulate and capture economic benefits. For corporations, the decision to pursue particular projects often hinges on the creation of, or the ability to appropriate, requisite technologies in a manner that will allow for an adequate return on investment for project shareholders. The business model is a tool that can be used to help determine whether or not a project has the necessary components for successful completion. A business model articulates a business venture's value proposition, market segment, cost and profit structure, value chain, value network, and competitive strategy. While business models are commonly used at the corporate level, they can also be applied to projects in order to convey how the potential of multiple converging technological inputs lead to the creation of sustainable economic value outputs, often in the face of technical and market uncertainty. Empirical observations from the biopharmaceutical and aerospace industries reveal that projects with incomplete business models face considerable complications, while projects with complete business models face less difficulty with respect to execution. As such, companies can use business models as a tool for making project go/no go decisions whereby only projects with complete business models are allowed to progress through the development process.

Conflict of international and regional strategies and the future of wars in the Arab region "Political stability or political chaos"

2019 ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fadel Jassim Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Regional Competition ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Political Differences

The Arab region is of great importance as an important part of the Middle East for both international and regional powers.This importance has placed it and its peoples in the suffering of international and regional interventions and has placed it in a state of permanent instability as it witnessed international and regional competition that increased significantly after the US intervention in Iraq in 2003. Accordingly, the research aims to shed light on the strategic directions of the global and regional powers by knowing their objectives separately, such as American, Russian, Turkish, Israeli and Iranian. The course aims at determining the future of this region in terms of political stability and lack thereof. Therefore, the hypothesis of the research comes from [that the different strategic visions and political and economic interests between the international and regional powers have exacerbated the conflicts between those forces and their alliances within the Arab region.. The third deals with the future of the Arab region in light of the conflict of these strategies. Accordingly, the research reached a number of conclusions confirming the continuation of international and regional competition within the Arab region, as well as the continuation of the state of conflict, tension, instability and chaos in the near term, as a result of the inability of Arab countries to overcome their political differences on the one hand and also their inability to advance their Arab reality. In the face of external challenges on the other.

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