European approaches to conservation of farm animal genetic resources

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Simon
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Status ◽  
Potential Use

SUMMARYBased on several sources of information an overview has been given on the development, present situation and problems of conservation of animal genetic resources in Europe.Presently, 1 029 breeds of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses and asses are registered by the EAAP-Animal Genetic Data Bank, Hanover. 42.8 % of the breeds are classified as being ‘at risk’. More than 360 conservation programmes are underway, which, however, in many cases seem to be operated independently of the status of endangerment and of similar breeds in other countries.The primary objectives of conservation in Europe, i.e. ‘conservation for potential use, later’ and ‘conservation for cultural reasons’, are different from the objective ‘conservation for sustainable use, now’, which is primarily expressed for developing countries. Different objectives call for different answers to questions, such as: are breeds appropriate units of genetic diversity, how should endangerment be defined, what should be conserved and is incrossing and selection compatible with conservation?In view of the large number of breeds ‘at risk’ and of similar breeds existing in different countries as well as the high costs of conservation it is concluded that characterisation of breeds for genetic uniqueness is presently the most urgent task in conservation. This requires effective co-operation across national borders in Europe.

scholarly journals Improving the monitoring of animal genetic resources on National and International level

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Duchev ◽  
E. Groeneveld
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
General Description ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Translation ◽  
Historic Data

Abstract. The Farm Animal Biodiversity Network (FABISnet) is a new biodiversity network for collecting domestic animal breeds data from the European countries. Data are collected on National, Regional and Global level and can be automatically transferred between the levels. As a successor of the Animal Genetic Data Bank of the European Association for Animal Production (EAAP-AGDB) and the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), it has taken their historic data and integrated them in a network of databases. However, the data are incomplete. For example the general description of 57% of the registered European breeds are very sparse and for more than 3900 breeds the population size and structure statistics are outdated. A set of 13 management support reports and a methodology for their application has been developed. The reports present summarized information about the degree of completeness of the breeds descriptions by country, missing or incomplete population records, reminders for updating data and the status of data translation. Various monitoring/reporting tasks of the National and Regional Coordinators for management of animal genetic resources can be organized in a systematic manner using these reports. Such an organizational scheme can reduce the time spent in completing data and improve the content of each database in the network.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Progress in the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action on Animal Genetic Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cao ◽  
Roswitha Baumung ◽  
Paul Boettcher ◽  
Beate Scherf ◽  
Badi Besbes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Livestock Productivity

Animal genetic resources are critical to livestock productivity and adaptability, facilitate resilience to climate change, and are a key contributor to food security and livelihoods around the world. The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources (Global Plan), consisting of four Strategic Priority Areas (SPAs: Characterization; Sustainable use; Conservation; Policy), provides a framework to guide countries and other stakeholders on actions to improve the management of animal genetic resources. Assessing, reporting and monitoring the progress and implementation of the Global Plan are critical processes for understanding global commitments made to enhance livestock genetic diversity. In this study, three rounds of reporting (2012, 2014, and 2019) from Member Nations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations were quantitatively analyzed to gain insight into the progress and implementation of the Global Plan by grouping questionnaires responses into quantitative indicator scores. Variations were found in indicator scores across SPAs, year, and regions, as well as within regions. Countries from North America and Europe and the Caucasus reported higher scores, while most BRICs countries (Brazil, India, China, South Africa) had high implementation scores relative to other countries in the same region. A significant positive correlation was observed between mean implementation scores in 2019 and GDP per capita (r = 0.456). Countries reporting higher implementation of in situ conservation also indicated higher proportions of breeds at risk. Significant progress was reported over the years for three of the four SPAs; SPA3 (conservation) was not found to have significantly improved. Despite the gains that have been made since 2012 in management of animal genetic resources, much remains to be done. The population status of nearly 60% of breeds is unknown while almost three quarters of breeds of known status are at risk of extinction. Efforts must continue to improve management of livestock genetic diversity, with further investments and development of approaches that support socio-economic viability of local genetic resources.

The status and need for characterization of Nordic animal genetic resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 2-24
Author(s):  
Line Sass Kierkegaard ◽  
Linn Fenna Groeneveld ◽  
Anne Kettunen ◽  
Peer Berg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Status

Rights to Animal Genetic Resources – Basic facts and debates

elni Review ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Susette Biber-Klemm ◽  
Michelangelo Temmermann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Market Incentives ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Basic Facts

Different strands of thinking and various lines of arguments lie behind the enquiry into the creation of rights to animal genetic resources. These are fueled by three major developments regarding livestock genetic resources: the increasing volume in trade in animal products, the scientific progress in animal breeding with the advances in genetic engineering, and the so-called erosion of animal genetic resources. This paper discusses questions of conservation and the sustainable use of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture (AnGRFA) in context with international trade and property rights. It provides an overview of the ongoing processes, the current debates and involved institutions. The question asked from a trade angle is whether and how incentives (market incentives) can be created to address the failures that lead to market concentration and uniformity of breeds. The hypothesis is that the questions of ownership and allocation of the rights to the genetic information are key and a basis for creating incentives to provide for adequate investments in traditional breeds and foster fcreativity to adapt them to specific environmental conditions and consumer preferences.

scholarly journals Sustainable use and genetic improvement

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nimbkar ◽  
J. Gibson ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
P. Boettcher ◽  
J. Soelkner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Animal Populations

SummarySustainable use of animal genetic resources for agriculture and food production is proposed as the best strategy for maintaining their diversity. Achievement of sustainable use would continue to support livelihoods and minimize the long-term risk for survival of animal populations. The concept of sustainable use has economic, environmental and socio-cultural dimensions. Sustainable use of animal genetic resources also contributes to food security, rural development, increasing employment opportunities and improving standards of living of keepers of breeds. Supporting the rearing of breeds through better infrastructure, services, animal health care, marketing opportunities and other interventions would make a significant contribution to the sustainable use of animal genetic resources.Sustainable use envisages the use and improvement of breeds that possess high levels of adaptive fitness to the prevailing environment. It also encompasses the deployment of sound genetic principles for sustainable development of the breeds and the sustainable intensification of the production systems themselves. Sustainable use and genetic improvement rely on access to a wide pool of genetic resources.Genetic improvement programmes need to be considered in terms of national agriculture and livestock development objectives, suitability to local conditions and livelihood security as well as environmental sustainability. Genetic improvement can involve choice of appropriate breeds, choice of a suitable pure breeding or crossbreeding system and application of within-breed genetic improvement. The choice of appropriate breeds and crossbreeding systems in developed countries has been a major contributor to the large increases in productivity, and has benefited greatly from the fact that developed country animal genetic resources are well characterized and relatively freely exchanged. Where proper steps have been followed by careful assessment of demand, execution, delivery, impact and cost-benefit analyses, successful within-breed improvement has been realized within indigenous populations in developing countries. Breeding objectives and programmes for subsistence oriented and pastoralist systems are likely to be entirely different from conventional programmes. Crossbreeding has been most successful where it is followed by a rigorous selection programme involving livestock owners' participation and substantial public sector investment in the form of technical support. In any genetic improvement programme, inbreeding needs to be monitored and controlled.Within-breed genetic improvement is normal practice in the developed world, and has become a highly technical enterprise, involving a range of reproduction, recording, computing and genomic technologies. Emerging genomic technologies promise the ability to identify better, use and improve developing world animal genetic resources in the foreseeable future. Useful systems can, however, be established without the need for application of advanced technology or processes.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Sumberdaya Kambing Lokal Khas Kejobong di Kabupaten Purbalingga Propinsi Jawa-Tengah

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Akhmad Sodiq
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Global Data ◽  
External Body

Characterization of local goat of kejobong at local government of purbalingga, central javaABSTRACT. The purposes of this study were to identify the quantitative morphogenitical characteristics (external body dimensions) and qualitative characteristics (coat-colour), the population size, its distribution and diversity of morphogenitical characteristics, the population status in term of conservation, and to find out the model of conservation. The target of this study were goat-husbandry of local goat at Kejobong (13 villages) Local Government of Purbalingga, Central Java, Purbalingga Regency. Livestock On-Farm Trials (LOFT) by simple random sampling was implemented in this study. Sample sizes were determinate by Nomogram Harry King, and were involved of 931 head of local goat of Kejobong. Descriptive (qualitative and quantitative) analyses, variance analyses by General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SPSS, analysis of the population status according to the Global Data Bank for Farm Animal Genetic Resources for Domestic Animal Diversity of FAO were applied.This study revealed that: (1) based on the size of external body dimensions, the Kejobong local goat appears the termediate between Kacang and Peranakan Etawah goats; (2) ) Based on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics, the Kejobong local goat assumed as a crossbreed-goat resulted from crossing between Kacang and Peranakan Etawah breeds. Dominant black and total black coat colour were predominants 74.45 and 56.49 percent among their population, respectively; (3) The Kejobong local goats were founded in all regions (13 villages) with the total populations about 15.317 heads. There was highly diversity in term of the characteristic of external body dimensions. This finding force to conduct the in-breed selection in order to improve their productivity; (4) Based on the Global Data Bank for Farm Animal Genetic Resources, the population status of local goat at Kecamatan Subdistric (15.317 heads) and the total population of black coat (8.623 heads) were classified into Not at Risk category. Board of Agriculture National Research Council (1993) classify that the population status into rare if the size of population ranges from 5.000 until 10.000 heads, it is imply that the total population of black coat goat (8.623 heads) include in rare category; (5) The policy of livestock conservation consists of the in-situ and ex-situ methods. In the level of implementation of the sustainability conservation, there were some aspects could be take into account such as agreement between government (political will and coordination), community (group farmer, empowering capital and marketing), and universities. 

Conservation of farm animal biodiversity: history and prospects

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Institutional Control ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Convention On Biodiversity

SummaryThe conservation and sustainable use of animal genetic resources (AGR) is now recognized as a legitimate activity of public concern in which inter-governmental, governmental, non-governmental and private sectors are involved. Livestock breeds became threatened on a large scale only in the second half of the 20th century. They are now recognized as a significant human heritage resulting from domestication whose loss would deplete the quality of human life. Conservation as a conscious and organized activity is therefore a new item on the public agenda. This paper traces the origin of livestock conservation from the Vision in the 1950s and 1960s through the awakening of the environmental movement with the creation of UNEP in 1972, followed by the development of a Joint Conservation Infrastructure and Programme for animal genetic resources in the 1980s by FAO and UNEP.The paper describes the context, participants, constraints, opposition and activities of building the AGR Conservation Infrastructure and Programme. Although the concept of conservation was opposed by some and there were both financial and political difficulties, an effective institutional infrastructure for conservation was built by FAO by 1990 using UNEP funds. In 1992, the advent of the Convention on BioDiversity offered substantial funding for project activities for the first time through the Global Environmental Facility (GEF). At that point it was desirable to move activities from central planning to the design, funding and operation of local or national conservation projects. “Top-down” institutional control should have been replaced by “Bottom-up” conservation activities. Regrettably this did not happen during the 1990s and, as shown by successive editions of the World Watch List, the number of endangered livestock breeds has continued to increase. Now that the conservation vision is accepted and the institutional infrastructures are in place it is time for a new dynamic by creating and funding specific conservation projects which harness the local human resources of knowledge and enthusiasm.

Breed differences in sheep milk fatty acid profiles: Opportunities for sustainable use of animal genetic resources

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Signorelli ◽  
Giovanna Contarini ◽  
Giovanni Annicchiarico ◽  
Francesco Napolitano ◽  
Luigi Orrù ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Breed Differences

scholarly journals Cryoconservation of Animal Genetic Resources in Europe and Two African Countries: A Gap Analysis

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregoire Leroy ◽  
Paul Boettcher ◽  
Badi Besbes ◽  
Coralie Danchin-Burge ◽  
Roswitha Baumung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Not At Risk

Cryoconservation is one of the main strategies to conserve farm animal genetic resources, providing opportunities for genetic improvement and adaptation to changes in production environments and consumer demands. In this study, we combine livestock breed-related data from the Domesticated Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) and information provided by gene banks from 15 European and 2 non-European countries on material stored for livestock breeds to analyze the gaps in cryomaterial collections according to species, countries and various breed categories. Out of the 2949 breeds registered in DAD-IS for these countries, 15.9% have been reported to have material stored in gene banks, but only 4.3% have material sufficient to allow breed reconstitution. The proportion of breeds with stored cryomaterial was greater than 20% for ruminants and pigs, between 10% and 20% for equids, and below 10% for rabbit and avian species. According to the results of two logistic regressions, countries show significant differences in the proportion of populations collected for cryostorage, while breeds not-at-risk are more likely to have cryomaterial preserved than are other breeds. Also, a relatively larger proportion of transboundary breeds have cryomaterial in gene banks than do local breeds, likely due in part to the fact that multiple countries have the opportunity to collect this material. These results highlight the need for increased efforts in material collection for at-risk local breeds and regional coordination on cryoconservation of material from transboundary breeds.

scholarly journals LOS MAMÍFEROS DEL ESTADO DE YUCATÁN

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Enrique Sosa Escalante ◽  
Silvia Hernández Betancourt ◽  
Juan Manuel Pech Canché ◽  
M. Cristina MacSwiney G. ◽  
Raúl Díaz Gamboa
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
The Status ◽  
Systematic List

ResumenCon el propósito de contribuir con la iniciativa de elaborar un documento que uniformice la información taxonómica de todas las entidades federativas de México, en este trabajo se presenta la lista sistemática actualizada de los mamíferos del estado de Yucatán. En el estado hay 128 especies, 97 géneros, 29 subfamilias, 37 familias y 13 órdenes. Los ordenes más ricos en especies son Chiroptera, Cetacea y Rodentia y los géneros con mayor número de especies Balaenoptera y Stenella. En cuanto a su distribución, 21 especies son endémicas de Mesoamérica y seis de México. En el estado se distribuyen 51 especies catalogadas en riesgo por la normativa mexicana, 38 incluidas en la Convención sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas y 15 amenazadas a nivel global. En el trabajo se plantea la importancia de relacionar su diversidad y distribución con los instrumentos legales diseñados para su protección, conservación y aprovechamiento sustentable.Palabras clave: Distribución, endemismo, lista sistemática, mastozoología, riesgo, riqueza.AbstractThis paper synthetize the current systematic list of the mammals of Yucatan, recognizing a total of 128 species, 97 genera, 29 subfamilies, 37 families and 13 orders. The most diverse orders are Chiroptera, Cetacea, and Rodentia, while the genera with the highest numbers of species are Balaenoptera and Stenella. In terms of distribution, 21 species are endemic to Mesoamerica and six to Mexico. In Yucatan, there are 51 species listed as being at risk under Mexican legislation, while 38 are included in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species and 15 are threatened globally. The status of the knowledge of the mammals of Yucatan is established and the importance of relating their diversity and distribution to existing legal instruments designed for their protection, conservation and sustainable use is proposed. Key words: Distribution, endemism, mammalogy, richness, risk, systematic list.

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