After the apology: Why are so many First Nations children still in foster care?

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Blackstock
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
American Literature ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The North ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Aboriginal Children

Although the undesirable child outcomes arising from the chronic over-representation of First Nations children and young people in child welfare care have been broadly acknowledged in Canada, research on this critical issue is just emerging. This paper summarizes the North American literature on ethnic over-representation and structural risks to inform future research directions in First Nations child welfare. Comparisons to the situation of Aboriginal children in Australia are also discussed.

Permanency and Safety Among Children in Foster Family and Kinship Care: A Scoping Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Bell ◽  
Elisa Romano
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Kinship Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Placement Stability ◽  
Foster Family ◽  
Placement Types

Over the past 25 years, kinship care placements have risen dramatically, such that when a child enters into care, child welfare agencies must first attempt to identify safe living arrangements with relatives or individuals known to the child before searching for alternatives. Despite the growing emphasis on kinship care, little is known about its impact on child outcomes in comparison to other placement types (e.g., foster family). Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to evaluate quantitative research on children in out-of-home care from 2007 to 2014 with regard to the following outcomes: (1) permanency (i.e., reunification, reentry, placement stability, and adoption/guardianship) and (2) safety (e.g., additional reports to child welfare). Based on these objectives, the review identified 54 studies that examined permanency and safety among children in two major placement types, namely foster family and kinship care. Across studies, children in kinship care experienced greater permanency in terms of a lower rate of reentry, greater placement stability, and more guardianship placements in comparison to children living with foster families. Children in kinship care, however, had lower rates of adoption and reunification. The findings also indicated that differences in these variables diminish over time. Findings for safety outcomes were mixed. Study methodological limitations and recommendations for future research are considered.

Unit of Analysis in Digitally-Enabled Electronic Procurement Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Md Mahbubur Rahim ◽  
Maryam Jabberzadeh ◽  
Nergiz Ilhan
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Electronic Procurement ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Methodological Concern

E-procurement systems that have been in place for over a decade have begun incorporating digital tools like big data, cloud computing, internet of things, and data mining. Hence, there exists a rich literature on earlier e-procurement systems and advanced digitally-enabled e-procurement systems. Existing literature on these systems addresses many research issues (e.g., adoption) associated with e-procurement. However, one critical issue that has so far received no rigorous attention is about “unit of analysis,” a methodological concern of importance, for e-procurement research context. Hence, the aim of this chapter is twofold: 1) to discuss how the notion of “unit of analysis” has been conceptualised in the e-procurement literature and 2) to discuss how its use has been justified by e-procurement scholars to address the research issues under investigation. Finally, the chapter provides several interesting findings and outlines future research directions.

Exploring Alternate Explanations for Agency-Level Effects in Placement Decisions Regarding Aboriginal Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Fallon ◽  
John D. Fluke ◽  
Martin Chabot ◽  
Cindy Blackstock ◽  
Vandna Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Placement Decisions ◽  
Aboriginal Children

This chapter summarizes a series of published papers that used data from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) to explore the influence of case and organizational characteristics on decisions to place Aboriginal children in out-of-home placements. The premise of the analyses was that these influences were consistent with the framework of the Decision-Making Ecology. In Canada, Aboriginal children are overrepresented at all points of child welfare decision-making: investigation, substantiation, and placement in out-of-home care. Case factors accounting for the overrepresentation of Aboriginal children at all service points in the child welfare system include poverty, poor housing, and substance misuse, and these factors, when coupled with inequitable resources for First Nations children residing on reserves, result in the overrepresentation of Aboriginal children in the Canadian child welfare system. For this study, the authors examine case characteristics and organizational factors in a multilevel context, hypothesizing that children are more likely to be placed out of home in agencies that serve a relatively high proportion of Aboriginal children. According to the statistical models presented, the most important of these factors is whether the provincial government operates the child welfare agency. As with the proportion of Aboriginal children on the caseload, the risk of a child being placed is greater in government-run agencies compared to agencies operated by private funders. Further analysis needs to be conducted to fully understand individual- and organizational-level variables that may influence /decisions regarding placement of Aboriginal children.

Coparenting and Child Outcomes in Families of Children Previously Identified With Developmental Delay

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Rosencrans ◽  
Laura Lee McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appropriate Behavior ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Child Problem Behaviors ◽  
Future Research Directions

Abstract The current study explored cross-sectional relations between coparenting quality and child problem behaviors, as measured by parent report and direct observation, in families of school-aged children previously identified with a developmental delay in early childhood. Parents' reports of difficulty with coparenting problems predicted child problem behaviors. For primary caregivers, parenting self-efficacy mediated the relation between coparenting quality and problem behaviors. Observed undermining behavior significantly positively predicted child appropriate behavior across specific tasks and observed partner support behavior significantly negatively predicted child appropriate behavior across specific tasks. Discussion focuses on the clinical significance of these findings and future research directions.

scholarly journals A Review on Body Area Networks Security for Healthcare

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang He Zhang ◽  
Carmen Chung Yan Poon ◽  
Yuan Ting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Future Research Directions

Body area networks (BANs) are emerging as one of the main research trends in recent years, particularly in the area of personal health monitoring. Since health data are private and sensitive information, the security of data transmission within a BAN becomes a critical issue that requires immediate attention. In this paper, we attempt to examine possible attacks of the resource-constrained BANs and present state-of-the-art communication protocols, cryptographic methods, and key management schemes that are useful for BANs security. We will also discuss the problems of existing solutions and possible future research directions on security for BANs. A novel biometric method that utilizes the biological channels (biochannels) to assist secure information transmission within a BAN will also be highlighted and discussed.

The Study of Social Movements in France

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Fillieule
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The North ◽  
Micro Level

This chapter deals with the emergence of social movement studies in the French social sciences in the 1990s and its development since then. We show how the exponential growth of this field largely relied on knowledge accumulated from the North American literature, but always with a critical appraisal of its concepts, methods, and results. We stress some theoretical and methodological specificities of the French contribution to the field: the greater recourse to qualitative and in-depth methodologies and the focus on the micro-level of individual activism and micro-level processes; the dissemination of its issues and concepts into a great number of academic domains, hence its trans-disciplinary framework; and finally its long-standing reluctance to engage in comparative studies. We conclude with some reflections on a possible agenda for future research.

Understanding Cyber Behavior in Europe

2012 ◽  
pp. 1234-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Bae Brandtzæg
Keyword(s):  
Internet Access ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The North ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter aims to understand cyber behavior in terms of Internet usage patterns in Europe. It presents both an historical introduction to the term and insight into the different approaches to understanding cyber behavior, such as the user typology approach, by which European citizens are classified according to their Internet usage patterns. It also provides insight into cross-country differences in Europe, with a focus on the North/South European divide in Internet access and use. Further, this chapter presents several important factors affecting the European digital divide, such as economy, gender equality, press freedom and political openness, education, and culture. Finally, some important future research directions related to cyber behavior in Europe are suggested.

Defining and Evaluating A Novel Penalty Model for Managing Violations in the Cloud Computing

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Adil Maarouf ◽  
Bouchra El Qacimy ◽  
Abderrahim Marzouk ◽  
Abdelkrim Haqiq
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Penalty Cost ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cloud Providers ◽  
Future Research Directions

Managing and applying penalties has become a critical issue for Cloud Computing. In this paper, the authors investigate this issue and present the most frequently used definitions of service level agreements (SLA) penalty functions. They identify the characteristics of these functions by highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. They survey and analyze various penalty calculation and availability calculation methods of cloud providers. Then, they propose a Novel Penalty Model for computing the penalty cost of the violations and present formalization for the penalty concerned. They also propose a business model for cloud providers to manage their profit. An example application will be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Finally, the paper notes some challenges and future research directions.

scholarly journals Non-Aboriginal Child Protective Service Workers’ Utilization of the Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathway Knowledge Translation (MAP-KT) Portal: A Report on the Utilization Statistics and Utilization Gaps of Aboriginal Best-Practice Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Eman Leung ◽  
Christine Wekerle ◽  
Randy Weachter ◽  
Julian Egelstaff ◽  
Marlyn Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Aboriginal Youth ◽  
Knowledge To Action ◽  
Protective Service ◽  
Aboriginal Child ◽  
Aboriginal Child Welfare

Given the unique history and culture of the Aboriginal heritage, research evidence and evidence-based practice guidelines/recommendation derive from the general population are not sufficient in informing the practices of Child Protective Services’ caseworkers who are caring for Aboriginal youth in the child welfare system. Special attention should also be given to best-practice materials developed with special consideration of the Aboriginal context. The current study describes caseworkers’ utilization of Aboriginal child welfare best-practice materials hosted at the MAP-KT portal during its pilot testing period between October 1st 2007 and September 31st 2008. The objective of the current study is to assess the knowledge consumption behavior of caseworkers who were not employed by Aboriginal child protective agency but nonetheless had Aboriginal Child Welfare youth under they care. The MAP-KT portal is a web-based knowledge tool that brings to the point of practice (of CPS caseworker) child welfare knowledge distilled through the ‘knowledge filter” of the Knowledge to Action framework. Given the proportion of Aboriginal youth under the care of participating agencies, the utilization statistics of Aboriginal content hosted on the MAP-KT portal indicated that they might be under-utilized compared to other content areas. According to the Knowledge to Action framework, a number of ways to improve utilization have been proposed. Future research may focus on adapting the MAP-KT portal to user knowledge preferences on format, content and linkage to frequently utilized sites, as well as tailored marketing to users in First Nations child welfare services and those who provide services to children with First Peoples’ heritage.

scholarly journals The Structure of Aboriginal Child Welfare in Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandna Sinha ◽  
Anna Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aboriginal Child ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Funding Formulas ◽  
Aboriginal Child Welfare ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
Children In Care

Aboriginal children are currently overrepresented in out-of-home care in Canada; this extends a historical pattern of child removal that began with the residential school system. The overrepresentation of Aboriginal children persists despite legislative and structural changes intended to reduce the number of Aboriginal children in care. Several recent developments suggest potential for improvement in services for Aboriginal children and families in the near future. However, greater information about the structure of Aboriginal child welfare in Canada is needed to support program and policy development. We present a broad overview of the variation in Aboriginal child welfare legislation and standards, service delivery models, and funding formulas across Canadian provinces and territories. We draw on this review to suggest specific priorities for future research.

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