Personal safety issues in the lives of children with learning disabilities

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda Briggs ◽  
Russell Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The North ◽  
Abusive Behaviour ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Speculative Hypothesis

An earlier evaluation of the New Zealand child protection program ‘Keeping Ourselves Safe’ found, inter alia, that girls with learning problems were highly vulnerable to drugs, sexual abuse and violence (Briggs & Hawkins 1996a). This led to the present study, the aim of which was to focus specifically on children with learning disabilities, and to include data from boys as well as girls.Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from one hundred and sixteen students aged 11–17 years (61 females and 55 males) who were interviewed in special education units. Their common characteristics were that they had all been assessed as being 3 years or more behind their chronological age group in their development and achievement, they needed individually planned curricula across the range of school subjects, and they had all previously attended mainstream schools throughout the North and South Islands of New Zealand.The study confirmed the vulnerability of children with learning disabilities to the risks of drugs, violence, psychological bullying, pornography and sexual abuse. Significant levels of violence in both schools and the home were found. The study also showed the need for special attention for the protection of boys.It is possible that children with learning disabilities were targeted because they were seen as safer targets in terms of an expectation that they would be less aware of the difference between right and wrong and less likely than other children to make a report about any abusive behaviour. If this speculative hypothesis is correct, it means that children with learning disabilities require even more vigilant forms of protection than other children.

Law Enforcement on Child Sexual Abuse in Manado City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Nontje Rimbing ◽  
Meiske T. Sondakh ◽  
Eske N. Worang
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The North ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Special Rules

This study investigates child sexual abuse cases that remain high in Manado as well as its law enforcement against the perpetrators, especially for underage perpetrators. By using a normative legal method, this research paper aims to examine legal materials, namely the Criminal Code and the Child Protection Law No. 35 of 2014 by collecting empirical data about law enforcement by the North Sulawesi Regional Police. The findings indicate that the law enforcement on underage perpetrators depends on the investigators in charge, in principle, under Law no. 35 of 2014, and they are detained in Child Care Centers of Tomohon. Also, this research specifically underlined that law enforcement against underage perpetrators has followed the procedures of the juvenile justice system, while the victims do need special attention of institutions outside the police. To ensure the rights to education in detention, this study suggests to make special rules regarding the obligation of teachers to provide private lessons.

352. Variations in the carotene and vitamin A contents of certain New Zealand butterfats

1947 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Barnicoat
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
The North ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Very High

1. Chemical estimations of carotene and vitamin A in New Zealand butters from two of the principal butter-making districts of the North Island during the seasons 1935–6 show that the total vitamin A potency was fairly high.2. There were seasonal variations apparently due to nutritional rather than physiological causes. The minimum values (33–37 i.u./g. butterfat) for total vitamin A were found in late summer (February) at the time when the pasture normally tends to dry up, while the peak values (42–53 i.u./g. butterfat) occurred in late winter and spring (July-October). The variations in vitamin A potency with season were in the opposite direction to the variations recorded in the literature for Europe and America. The difference is no doubt due to the practice of stall-feeding in these countries in contrast with the all-the-year-round grazing commonly practised on dairy farms in New Zealand. The spring flush of grass is also later in the season in Europe than in New Zealand.3. The more deeply-coloured Jersey butterfat was only slightly richer in total vitamin A potency than Friesian butterfat.4. Contents of carotene and vitamin A in the fat of colostrum were very high, but reached normal values within 4 or 5 days after parturition.

scholarly journals The New Zealand doctor's role in child sexual abuse intervention: A legal analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elizabeth Dieckermann
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Healthcare Needs

<p>This paper examines the New Zealand health professional’s role (with an emphasis on doctors) in several aspects of child sexual abuse intervention and treatment. Both current and proposed legal provisions are considered. After an explanation of their important role in this area, the current child protection framework insofar as it is relevant to health professionals is outlined. This is followed by an analysis of changes proposed in the Government’s White Paper for Vulnerable Children and Vulnerable Children Bill which will affect the landscape in which health professionals work. While there are benefits to proposed measures, some raise privacy and ethical concerns, or are inadequate to address the problem. The paper then addresses the legal requirements around the undertaking of medical examinations following a sexual abuse allegation, observing that the legislation raises questions around issues of consent, and making some suggestions for amendment. Finally, the general healthcare needs of adult survivors of abuse are considered.</p>

Remarks on the plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone

1960 ◽  
Vol 152 (949) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Plant Geography ◽  
The North ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres ◽  
Joseph Hooker

The difference between the northern and southern hemispheres in the distribution of land and sea fundamentally affects the problems of the origin, dispersal and distribution of the biota. Whereas a circumpolar distribution seems to be quite natural in the north, it is much more difficult to explain when we get to the south. Although the naturalists of James Cook’s first and second voyages visited both New Zealand and Tierra del Fuego, the purport of the existence of closely related but geographically widely disjunct organisms did not dawn upon them; Terra Australis, a vision of the old cosmographers to counterbalance the solid North, but searched for in vain by Cook, had disappeared from the map. It fell to Joseph Hooker to discover a circumpolar Flora Antarctica at a time when the Antarctic Continent, thus named by Ross, had become a reality. What Hooker found on truly antarctic shores was not very promising, but the discovery of fossilized gymnosperm wood on Kerguelen made him speculate on former antarctic forests and on the possibility of greater land areas where only small, scattered islands are found now. In a letter to Darwin in November 1851 (Huxley 1918, p. 445) he wrote: ‘... recent discoveries rather tend to ally the N. Zeald. Flora with the Australian—though there is enough affinity with extratropical S. America to be

scholarly journals Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Menanggulangi Kekerasan Seksual Anak di Bawah Umur (Studi di Kabupaten Aceh Utara)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Desi Maulida
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The North ◽  
District Government ◽  
Religious Understanding

 The current problems of globalization era including sexual violence of underaged including rape and abuse, even in North Aceh Regency--child abuse occurs year by year which give negative impact to the future generations thus government need to pay special attention to solve this problem. The purpose of this study is to explain and describe the role of the North Aceh District Government in tackling sexual violence of underaged and to explain and analyze sexual violence which mostly occurs in North Aceh District. Law of Indonesian Republic Number 23 of 2003 concerning child protection. However, for existing law (qanun in Aceh terminology) No. 11/2008 on child protection, sexual violence gets government coordinating with all sectors; providing psychologists in healing trauma and further providing education and guidance of sexual abuse. The obstacles of this research are lack of facilities and lack of commitments in carrying out the rules, lack of religious understanding, lack of deterrent effects provided by government for sexual violence perpetrators thus it is suggested that government provides strict sanctions to the destructive perpetrators nation's generation

scholarly journals Paläoklimatologische Eindrücke aus Neuseeland

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-238
Author(s):  
Martin Schwarzbach
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Climatic History ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wet Climate

Abstract. Some observations and remarks about the climate and paleoclimate of New Zealand, founded on journeys and the work of New Zealandic geologists. Some peculiarities of the climate (fig. 1). New Zealand has a relatively cool and wet climate (similar to Tasmania at the present). There is a very conspicious difference between the very humid windward side and the arid lee-side of the Southern Alps (also in the vegetation, fig. 2). „Edaphically caused deserts" begin to develop in the volcanic area of the North Island (fig. 3). The glaciers on the western coast of New Zealand (fig. 4), especially Franz Josef and Fox Glaciers, are impressive examples for the coexistence of lush, nearly subtropical rainforests (with tree-ferns) with glacier ice (figs. 6, 8). Therefore they are especially important for paleoclimatologists and for the interpretation of climatic indicators. Both glaciers have their tongues near the sea, nearly 2000 mts. below snow-line. Their recession (fig. 7) was 1200 and 1800 m respectively in 21 years. The cause for the low position of the tongues is to bee seen in high precipitation in connexion with the altitude and steepness of the mountains. Climatic history of New Zealand. The Quaternary is not treated; it only is referred to the influence of recent tectonic movements on the terraces. — The climate of the Tertiary was temperate to subtropical and humid. Maximal temperatures did not occur (as in Europe and North America) in the older, but (as in Australia) in the middle Tertiary (fig. 9). The author tries to explain this difference by the combination of 2 curves (fig. 10): one is the curve of changing latitude, caused by drift, the other is the general trend of the decline of temperature in Tertiary time. Because Australia obviously moved towards the equator, but Europe (if at all) towards the pole, the resulting curve is different in both continents. — Also the Mesozoic climate was neither tropical nor arid. Perhaps the Permian was a little warmer than in Australia. Compared with Australia, the climatic history is distinctly different. Australia changed from a polar climate to a subtropical and tropical one since the Carboniferous-Permian period, but New Zealand seems to have remained more or less in the same climatic zone during this long time. We don't yet know whether the difference between New Zealand and Australia is only apparent (caused by gaps in our knowledge), or is caused by an independent northward drift of both regions (Australia quickly, New Zealand more slowly).

scholarly journals The New Zealand doctor's role in child sexual abuse intervention: A legal analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elizabeth Dieckermann
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Healthcare Needs

<p>This paper examines the New Zealand health professional’s role (with an emphasis on doctors) in several aspects of child sexual abuse intervention and treatment. Both current and proposed legal provisions are considered. After an explanation of their important role in this area, the current child protection framework insofar as it is relevant to health professionals is outlined. This is followed by an analysis of changes proposed in the Government’s White Paper for Vulnerable Children and Vulnerable Children Bill which will affect the landscape in which health professionals work. While there are benefits to proposed measures, some raise privacy and ethical concerns, or are inadequate to address the problem. The paper then addresses the legal requirements around the undertaking of medical examinations following a sexual abuse allegation, observing that the legislation raises questions around issues of consent, and making some suggestions for amendment. Finally, the general healthcare needs of adult survivors of abuse are considered.</p>

Effectiveness of Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Del Campo ◽  
Marisalva Fávero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse Prevention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract. During the last decades, several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention programs implemented in different countries. In this article, we present a review of 70 studies (1981–2017) evaluating prevention programs, conducted mostly in the United States and Canada, although with a considerable presence also in other countries, such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The results of these studies, in general, are very promising and encourage us to continue this type of intervention, almost unanimously confirming its effectiveness. Prevention programs encourage children and adolescents to report the abuse experienced and they may help to reduce the trauma of sexual abuse if there are victims among the participants. We also found that some evaluations have not considered the possible negative effects of this type of programs in the event that they are applied inappropriately. Finally, we present some methodological considerations as critical analysis to this type of evaluations.

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