The Student Motivation Scale: A Tool for Measuring and Enhancing Motivation

This paper assesses the psychometric properties of the Student Motivation Scale, an instrument measuring school students' motivation. Motivation is assessed through nine measures, separated into what are referred to as boosters and guzzlers. Boosters are constructs that reflect adaptive motivation and guzzlers are constructs that reflect less adaptive motivation. Boosters are subsumed by thoughts (self-belief, learning focus, value of schooling) and behaviours (persistence and planning and monitoring). Guzzlers are subsumed by thoughts or feelings (low control and anxiety) and behaviours (avoidance and self-sabotage). Data show that the Student Motivation Scale has a clear factor structure reflecting the hypothesised five boosters and four guzzlers, is reliable, and correlated with achievement. Gender and year level differences also emerge: girls are significantly more learning focused and engage in more planning and monitoring than boys; girls are significantly more anxious than boys; Year 9 students are significantly lower than Year 10 and Year 11 students in learning focus, significantly higher than Year 11 students in avoidance, and significantly higher than Year 10 and Year 11 students in self-sabotage. Strategies for intervention are discussed in the context of these findings and the issue of academic resilience is introduced as an additional aspect of motivation that the Student Motivation Scale is able to assess.

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Does Relationship Satisfaction Always Mean Satisfaction? Development of the Couple Relationship Satisfaction Scale

Journal of Relationships Research ◽

10.1017/jrr.2019.12 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Viktorija Cepukiene

Keyword(s):

Relationship Satisfaction ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Relationship Quality ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Couple Relationship ◽

Semantic Meaning ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Instrument Measuring ◽

Adequate Internal Consistency

AbstractThis article presents the development of an instrument measuring relationship satisfaction, based on the theory that separates ‘relationship quality’ from ‘satisfaction’ concerning the semantic meaning of the concepts, and to evaluate psychometric properties of the new measure. Two studies were conducted in order to investigate the psychometric properties of the new scale, with 372 and 1,185 participants taking part in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively. Results revealed that the new scale has two-factor structure, adequate internal consistency reliability, and convergent, discriminant and known-groups validity.

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The Lethal Cocktail: Low Self-belief, Low Control, and High Fear of Failure

Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools ◽

10.1017/s1037291100004568 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 74-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Andrew J. Martin

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Student Motivation ◽

Fear Of Failure ◽

Sense Of Control ◽

School Students ◽

Failure Avoidance ◽

Motivation Scale ◽

High Control ◽

And Control

Cluster analysis of school students' responses to the Student Motivation Scale (Martin, 2001, in press) identified two groups of students separated on the basis of their self-belief, sense of control, and fear of failure. The first group reflects failure avoidance and is represented by a lethal cocktail of low self-belief, low control, and high fear of failure. The second group reflects success orientation and is represented by high self-belief, high control, and low fear of failure. Follow-up analyses to validate these two clusters showed that the failure avoidant students were significantly higher in anxiety and pessimism and significantly lower in achievement. Implications are discussed for intervention and prevention aimed at enhancing students' self-belief and control and reducing students' fear of failure. Also discussed is the need to develop goals, incentives, and climates for students that draw them to attain success rather than drive them to avoid failure.

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The Student Motivation Scale: Further Testing of an Instrument that Measures School Students' Motivation

Australian Journal of Education ◽

10.1177/000494410304700107 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 88-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Andrew J. Martin

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Junior High School ◽

Student Motivation ◽

Junior High School Students ◽

School Students ◽

Students At Risk ◽

English Achievement ◽

Motivation Scale ◽

Adaptive Pattern

This study examines the refined Student Motivation Scale applied to a sample of 2561 Australian high school students. The Student Motivation Scale measures six motivation boosters and four motivation guzzlers. Analysis of the data reveals a strong factor structure comprising reliable factors. Students scored relatively higher in self-belief, value of schooling, and learning focus but also relatively higher in anxiety. Senior and junior high school students reflect a more adaptive pattern of motivation than middle high school students—as do girls over boys. Boosters are more strongly (positively) correlated with mathematics and English achievement while guzzlers are more strongly (negatively) associated with literacy and numeracy. Data analysis also reveals ethnicity effects and effects associated with socioeconomic status. Taken together, examination of the data shows that the Student Motivation Scale is psychometrically sound and can be usefully implemented to determine groups of students at risk of disengagement, disinterest, and underachievement.

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Measuring student motivation for physical education: Examining the psychometric properties of the Perceived Locus of Causality Questionnaire and the Situational Motivation Scale

Psychology of Sport and Exercise ◽

10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.11.003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 284-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Chris Lonsdale ◽

Catherine M. Sabiston ◽

Ian M. Taylor ◽

Nikos Ntoumanis

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Student Motivation ◽

Locus Of Causality ◽

Motivation Scale ◽

Situational Motivation

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Construct Validity of Sensation Seeking: A Psychometric Investigation

Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie ◽

10.1024//0170-1789.20.3.155 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 155-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

André Beauducel ◽

Burkhard Brocke ◽

Alexander Strobel ◽

Anja Strobel

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

German Version ◽

Trait Theory ◽

Multilevel Theory ◽

Sensation Seeking Scale ◽

Psychometric Investigation

Abstract: Zuckerman postulated a biopsychological multilevel theory of Sensation Seeking, which is part of a more complex multi-trait theory, the Alternative Five. The Sensation Seeking Scale Form V (SSS V) was developed for the measurement of Sensation Seeking. The process of validation of Sensation Seeking as part of a multilevel theory includes analyses of relations within and between several levels of measurement. The present study investigates validity and basic psychometric properties of a German version of the SSS V in a broader context of psychometric traits. - The 120 participants were mainly students. They completed the SSS V, the Venturesomeness- and Impulsiveness-Scales of the IVE, the BIS/BAS-Scales, the ZKPQ and the NEO-FFI. - The results reveal acceptable psychometric properties for the SSS V but with limitations with regard to factor structure. Indications for criterion validity were obtained by prediction of substance use by the subscales Dis and BS. The results of a MTMM analysis, especially the convergent validities of the SSS V were quite satisfying. On the whole, the results yielded sufficient support for the validity of the Sensation Seeking construct or the instrument respectively. They also point to desirable modifications.

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The Stigma of Suicide Scale

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000156 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 13-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Philip J. Batterham ◽

Alison L. Calear ◽

Helen Christensen

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Online Survey ◽

National University ◽

Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽

High Internal Consistency ◽

At Home

Background: There are presently no validated scales to adequately measure the stigma of suicide in the community. The Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS) is a new scale containing 58 descriptors of a “typical” person who completes suicide. Aims: To validate the SOSS as a tool for assessing stigma toward suicide, to examine the scale’s factor structure, and to assess correlates of stigmatizing attitudes. Method: In March 2010, 676 staff and students at the Australian National University completed the scale in an online survey. The construct validity of the SOSS was assessed by comparing its factors with factors extracted from the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ). Results: Three factors were identified: stigma, isolation/depression, and glorification/normalization. Each factor had high internal consistency and strong concurrent validity with the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire. More than 25% of respondents agreed that people who suicided were “weak,” “reckless,” or “selfish.” Respondents who were female, who had a psychology degree, or who spoke only English at home were less stigmatizing. A 16-item version of the scale also demonstrated robust psychometric properties. Conclusions: The SOSS is the first attitudes scale designed to directly measure the stigma of suicide in the community. Results suggest that psychoeducation may successfully reduce stigma.

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The Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Resiliency Scale in Chinese Undergraduates

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000023 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 162-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lixia Cui ◽

Xiujie Teng ◽

Xupei Li ◽

Tian P.S. Oei

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Higher Order ◽

Criterion Variable ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

High Level ◽

Chinese Undergraduates

The current study examined the factor structure and the psychometric properties of Sandra Prince-Embury’s Resiliency Scale for Adolescents (RESA) in Chinese undergraduates. A total of 726 undergraduate students were randomly divided into two subsamples: Sample A was used for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Sample B was used for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EFA revealed that 56 items and a model of 10 factors with 3 higher order factors (as described by Sandra) were to be retained; CFA with Sample B confirmed this result. The overall scale and the subscales of the Chinese-RESA demonstrated a high level of internal consistency. Furthermore, concurrent validity was demonstrated by the correlation of the scale with other instruments such as the PANAS and the CSS, and the predictive validity was confirmed via three multiple regression analyses using the PANAS as a criterion variable: one for the 10 subscales of the C-RESA, one for the 3 higher order scales, and one for the total C-RESA. We concluded that the C-RESA may be used for research into Chinese undergraduates’ adaptive behaviors.

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