Agitation in Chinese Elderly: Validation of the Chinese Version of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory

The reliability and validity of the Chinese vesion of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CCMAI) were studied in 164 demented patients. The agitation pattern in Chinese elderly was also examined in this study. The CCMAI demonstrated high validity, test-retest reliability, and interrater reliability. Eighty-five precent of demented patients manifested one or more agitated behaviors at least once a week. Factor analysis yielded three subtypes of agitation: physically aggressive behaviors, physically nonaggressive behaviors, and verbally agitated behaviors. There was a linear upward trend in physical aggression as one progressed from one Global Deterioration Scale stage to the next. Community-living patients showed higher physically nonaggressive and verbally agitated behaviors, whereas institution residents exhibited a significantly higher level of physical aggression. The differences between residential and institutionalized patients need further research. Future study should focus not only on the behavioral disturbances; medical, psychological, and environmental factors should be taken into account to provide a more accurate profile.

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Validation and Factor Analysis of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) in the Chinese Population

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.770860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hongxuan Wang ◽

Lihuan Lan ◽

Xiaochang Lan ◽

Peiyun Chen ◽

Gaoxin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Good Test ◽

High Internal Consistency ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) was established and introduced to measure the craving for alcohol and the severity of alcohol dependence. However, the Chinese version of OCDS is still unavailable and has not been validated in the Chinese population. We tended to translate and validate the OCDS in Chinese. We translated original OCDS into Chinese through bi-direction translations and tested the reliability and validity. We found that Chinese OCDS had high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. The Chinese OCDS also presented good internal structure to reflect the severity of alcohol dependence. The Chinese OCDS could be used in clinical studies and research among the Chinese population.

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Development of a patient safety culture scale for maternal and child health institutions in China: a cross-sectional validation study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025607 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e025607

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Wang ◽

Hui Han ◽

Liqian Qiu ◽

Chaojie Liu ◽

Yan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Patient Safety ◽

Safety Culture ◽

Health Workers ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Patient Safety Culture ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Test Retest Reliability

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a patient safety culture (PSC) scale for maternal and child healthcare (MCH) institutions in China.MethodsA theoretical framework of PSC for MCH institutions was proposed through in-depth interviews with MCH workers and patients and Delphi expert consultations. The reliability and validity of the PSC scale were tested in a cross-sectional survey of 1256 MCH workers from 14 MCH institutions in Zhejiang province of China. The study sample was randomly split into half for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, respectively. Test–retest reliability was assessed through a repeated survey of 63 voluntary participants 2 weeks apart.ResultsThe exploratory factor analysis extracted 10 components: patient engagement in patient safety (six items), managerial response to patient safety risks (four items), perceived management support (five items), staff empowerment (four items), staffing and workloads (four items), reporting of adverse events (three items), defensive medical practice (three items), work commitment (three items), training (two items) and transfer and handoff (three items). A good model fit was found in the confirmatory factor analysis: χ2/df=1.822, standardised root mean residual=0.048, root mean square error of approximation=0.038, comparative fit index=0.921, Tucker-Lewis index=0.907. The PSC scale had a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.89 (0.59–0.90 for dimensional scales) and a test–retest reliability of 0.81 (0.63–0.87 for dimensional reliability), respectively. The intracluster correlation coefficients confirmed a hierarchical nature of the data: individual health workers nested within MCH institutions.ConclusionThe PSC scale for MCH institutions has acceptable reliability and validity. Further studies are needed to establish benchmarking in a national representative sample through a multilevel modelling approach.

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Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (ASQ): development and validation

General Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/gpsych-2019-100144 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. e100144

Author(s):

Amanda Baker ◽

Naomi Simon ◽

Aparna Keshaviah ◽

Amy Farabaugh ◽

Thilo Deckersbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Self Report ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Clinical Control ◽

Test Retest Reliability

BackgroundThe Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (ASQ) is a brief self-report questionnaire which measures frequency and intensity of symptoms and was developed to improve assessment of anxiety symptoms in a clinical setting. We examined the reliability and validity of the ASQ in patients with anxiety disorders and/or depression, non-clinical control subjects and college students.Methods240 outpatients with generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder or major depressive disorder were administered the ASQ and additional questionnaires measuring depression and anxiety, as were 111 non-clinical control subjects and 487 college students. Factor analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and logistic regression were used to assess reliability and validity. Test–retest reliability of the ASQ was measured using a subset who were re-administered the ASQ after 4 weeks.ResultsFactor analysis revealed measurement of a single dimension by the ASQ. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were strong. The ASQ total score also significantly distinguished patients with an anxiety disorder from the clinical controls above and beyond the clinician-rated Hamilton Anxiety Scale.ConclusionsThe ASQ is a valid, reliable and effective self-rated measure of anxiety and may be a useful tool for screening and assessing anxiety symptoms in psychiatric as well as college settings.

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Psychometric Properties of the Brief Persian Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (The DERS-16)

Assessment for Effective Intervention ◽

10.1177/1534508418800210 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 135-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mehrnesa Shahabi ◽

Jafar Hasani ◽

Johan Bjureberg

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Good Test ◽

Persian Version ◽

Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Excellent Internal Consistency ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is an established self-reported measure of emotion regulation difficulties. Recently, a brief 16-item version of this scale—the DERS-16—was developed. The goal of the present study was to extend the research on the DERS-16 by evaluating the reliability and validity of the Persian version in a university sample ( N = 201). Results demonstrate that the Persian DERS-16 demonstrated excellent internal consistency, good test–retest reliability, and good concurrent validity. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the proposed factor structure. Thus, the Persian DERS-16 may offer a valid method for the assessment of overall emotion regulation difficulties as well as for the different facets of the construct.

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An Instrument to Measure the Attentional Demands of Community-Dwelling Elders

Journal of Nursing Measurement ◽

10.1891/1061-3749.7.2.197 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 197-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Debra A. Jansen ◽

Mary L. Keller

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Attentional Demands ◽

Attentional Functioning ◽

Attentional Fatigue ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The capacity to direct attention (CDA) is a pivotal facet of cognitive functioning that allows people to focus on trains of thought, complex tasks, and the daily business of life. According to a theoretical framework of directed attentional fatigue (DAF) and restoration, excessive demand for attention depletes CDA, a condition called DAF. Attentional demands are factors such as feelings of loss and worries that require intense or prolonged use of CDA and thus can lead to DAF. The purposes of this study were to determine reliability and validity for an instrument to measure attentional demands, the Attentional Demands Survey (ADS). The ADS was administered to 197 (142 females, 50 males) community-dwelling elderly (ages 65-98 years, M = 77). A factor analysis revealed 4 factors/subscales consistent with theorized domains. Internal consistency for each subscale ranged from .87 to .90 and test-retest reliability was .91. The ADS can be used to explore the relationships among attentional demands, CDA, and interventions to support and restore attentional functioning for elders.

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Reliability and Validity of the Hierarchic Dementia Scale

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610294001651 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 87-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Lisa Rönnberg ◽

Kjerstin Ericsson

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Interrater Reliability ◽

Mixed Type ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Kappa Coefficient ◽

Severe Dementia ◽

Valid Instrument ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The aim of the study was to apply a method for measuring cognitive functioning in severely demented patients. Reliability and validity of the Hierarchic Dementia Scale (HDS) were tested. Fifty patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), multi-infarct dementia (MID), and dementia of mixed type (MIX) were studied. The interrater reliability was satisfactory as estimated by means of a kappa coefficient. The test retest reliability was rs = .96. The concurrent validity of the HDS, as measured by the correlation between the HDS and the MMSE, was rs = .86, and between the HDS and the CDR was rs = −.71. The results indicate that HDS is a useful and valid instrument for determination of the heterogeneous cognitive deficits in severe dementia.

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Reliability and Validity of the Commitment to Physical Activity Scale for Adolescents

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.4278/ajhp.150114-quan-665 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 343-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lorraine B. Robbins ◽

Jiying Ling ◽

Stacey M. Wesolek ◽

Anamaria S. Kazanis ◽

Kelly A. Bourne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Activity Scale ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Physical Activity Scale ◽

Item Scale

Purpose. To examine psychometric properties of a Commitment to Physical Activity Scale for Adolescents (CPASA). Design. Two test-retest studies and a prospective study, approved by a university institutional review board, were conducted in midwestern U.S. urban areas. Setting. The first test-retest study occurred in four community centers, the second test-retest study took place in a community school, and the prospective study occurred in eight middle schools. Subjects. To measure commitment at baseline and 1 week later, 51 girls in the first test-retest study completed an original 26-item scale, and 91 in the second test-retest study completed a revised 11-item scale. In the prospective study, 503 girls completed the 11-item scale. Measures. Commitment was measured via the CPASA. After completing the CPASA, girls in the prospective study wore ActiGraph GT3X-plus accelerometers that measured light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity (LMVPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were estimated. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to cross-validate the factor structure. Results. For the 11-item CPASA, Cronbach α ranged from .81 to .82, and test-retest reliability was .88. Both EFA and CFA indicated a single factor. The scale was significantly correlated with LMVPA (r = .10) and MVPA (r = .11). Conclusion. The 11-item CPASA demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity with girls.

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A new apathy scale for institutionalized dementia patients: validation of the APADEM-NH scale short-version

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72204-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 497-497

Author(s):

M.I. Ramos-García ◽

L. Agüera-Ortiz ◽

N. Gil-Ruiz ◽

I. Cruz-Orduña ◽

M. Valentí-Soler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lewy Bodies ◽

Internal Validity ◽

Short Version ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating ◽

Global Deterioration Scale ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Dementia Patients ◽

Institutionalized Patients ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Depression Scales

AimsTo describe validation process of the new apathy scale for institutionalized dementia patients (APADEM-NH).Methods100 elderly, institutionalized patients with diagnosis of probable Alzheimer Disease (AD) (57%), possible AD (13%), AD with cerebral vascular disease (CVD) (17%), Lewy Bodies Dementia (11%) and Parkinson associated to dementia (PDD) (2%). All stages of the disease severity according to the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) were assessed. The Apathy Inventory (AI), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Cornell scale for depression, and the tested scale were applied. Re-test and inter-rater reliability was carried out in 50 patients. The feasibility and acceptability, reliability, validity, and measurement precision were analyzed.ResultsAPADEM-NH final version consists of 26 items and 3 dimensions: Deficit of Thinking and Self-Generated behaviors (DT): 13 items, Emotional Blunting (EB): 7 items, and Cognitive Inertia (CI): 6 items. Mean application time was 9.56 minutes and 74% of applications were fully computable. All subscales showed floor and ceiling effect lower than 15%. Internal consistency was excellent for each dimension (Cronbach’s α DT = 0.88, α EB = 0.83, α CI= 0.88);Test-retest reliability for the items was kW=0,48-0,92; Inter-rater reliability reached kW values 0.84-1.00; The APADEM-NH total score showed a low/moderate correlation with apathy scales (Spearman ρ, AI =0.33; NPI-Apathy= 0,31), no correlation with depression scales (NPI-Dementia = -0.003; Cornell= 0,10), and high internal validity (ρ =0.69 0.80).ConclusionsAPADEM-NH is a brief, psychometrically acceptable, and valid scale to assess apathy in patients from mild to severe dementia and discerning between apathy and depression.

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Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Brief-Mindful Self-Care Scale: A Translation and Validation Study

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.715507 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zhen Yang ◽

Fengmin Chen ◽

Siqi Liu ◽

Ming Dai ◽

Huijun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Self Care ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Hospice Nurses ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Objective: This study aimed to translate the Brief-Mindful Self-Care Scale (B-MSCS) into Chinese and validate its reliability and validity among hospice nurses.Methods: A total of 510 hospice nurses were recruited from three provinces in China. The reliability of the translated scale was measured by internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. The validity of the translated scale was evaluated by expert consultation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis.Results: The Cronbach's α value of the Chinese version of B-MSCS was 0.920, and the Cronbach's α value of the dimensions ranged from 0.850 to 0.933. The split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.770 and 0.723, respectively. Furthermore, the content validity index of the scale (S-CVI) was 0.946. The 6-factor structure, supported by the eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot were obtained by using exploratory factor analysis. Moreover, as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the model fitting indexes were all in the acceptable range.Conclusion: The Chinese version of B-MSCS had suitable reliability and validity among hospice nurses. The developed scale will evaluate the level of mindful self-care of Chinese hospice nurses, providing an opportunity for development of targeted educational plans. Each item is a direct guide for hospice nurses to develop their mindful self-care practice.

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Caregiver and Clinician Assessment of Behavioral Disturbances: The California Dementia Behavior Questionnaire

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610297004316 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 155-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jeff Victoroff ◽

Kristy Nielson ◽

Dan Mungas

Keyword(s):

Interrater Reliability ◽

Behavioral Disturbance ◽

Behavioral Disturbances ◽

Good Test ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Type Of Behavior ◽

Clinician Assessment

As part of a multicenter project to study noncognitive behavioral disturbances in dementia, the authors developed a comprehensive caregiver-rated questionnaire for these behaviors. The authors determined the reliability of caregiver ratings and compared caregiver ratings with clinician ratings using standard instruments. Caregivers showed good test/retest reliability for ratings of all types of patient behavioral disturbance. Caregiver interrater reliability was highest for depression and lowest for psychosis. The correlation between caregiver reports and professional assessments was highest for agitation, intermediate for psychosis, and lowest for depression. The match between caregiver and clinician assessments of patient behaviors appears to vary significantly by the type of behavior assessed.

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