Appropriate heart rate during exercise in Fontan patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-680
Author(s):  
Eva R. Hedlund ◽  
Liselott Söderström ◽  
Bo Lundell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
Maximal Effort ◽  
Fontan Patients

AbstractObjective:To evaluate heart rate against workload and oxygen consumption during exercise in Fontan patients.Method:Fontan patients (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 25) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing with linear increase of load. Heart rate and oxygen uptake were measured during tests. Heart rate recovery was recorded for 10 minutes.Results:Heart rate at midpoint (140 ± 14 versus 153 ± 11, p < 0.001) and at maximal effort (171 ± 14 versus 191 ± 10 beats per minute, p < 0.001) of test was lower for patients than controls. Heart rate recovery was similar between groups. Heart rate in relation to workload was higher for patients than controls both at midpoint and maximal effort. Heart rate in relation to oxygen uptake was similar between groups throughout test. Oxygen pulse, an indirect surrogate measure of stroke volume, was reduced at maximal effort in patients compared to controls (6.6 ± 1.1 versus 7.5 ± 1.4 ml·beat−1·m−2, p < 0.05) and increased significantly less from midpoint to maximal effort for patients than controls (p < 0.05).Conclusions:Heart rate is increased in relation to workload in Fontan patients compared with controls. At higher loads, Fontan patients seem to have reduced heart rate and smaller increase in oxygen pulse, which may be explained by inability to further increase stroke volume and cardiac output. Reduced ability to increase or maintain stroke volume at higher heart rates may be an important limiting factor for maximal cardiac output, oxygen uptake, and physical performance.

scholarly journals Relationship between blood pressure response during hemodialysis and exercise tolerance or heart rate recovery measured using cardio-pulmonary exercise testing in maintenance hemodialysis patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Yabe ◽  
Kenichi Kono ◽  
Ryota Shiraki ◽  
Akiho Masuda ◽  
Yoshifumi Moriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Exercise Intolerance

Abstract Background This study investigated the association between the blood pressure response during hemodialysis (HD) and exercise tolerance or heart rate recovery (HRR) measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX). Methods The study enrolled 23 patients who had been undergoing 4-h regular maintenance HD. The maximum workload (Loadpeak), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), workload and oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (LoadAT and VO2AT, respectively), and HRR were measured with CPX. The average systolic blood pressure during HD (SBPav) was measured, and the number of times the SBP was less than 100 mmHg was determined in the 2-week period after CPX. Results The SBPav showed a significant correlation with LoadAT (r = 0.46) and Loadpeak (r = 0.43, p < 0.05). The number of times the SBP was less than 100 mmHg showed a significant correlation with the HRR (r = − 0.44, p < 0.05). Conclusion Exercise intolerance and HRR in HD patients may be associated with blood pressure instability during HD.

The effect of progressive hypoxia on respiration in the dogfish (scyliorhinus canicula) at different seasonal temperatures

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Butler ◽  
E. W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Critical Oxygen Tension ◽  
Critical Oxygen ◽  
Progressive Hypoxia ◽  
Cardiac Stroke Volume

1. Dogfish were acclimated to 7, 12 or 17 degrees C and exposed to progressive hypoxia at the temperature to which they had been acclimated. During normoxia, the Q10 values for oxygen uptake, heart rate, cardiac output and respiratory frequency over the full 10 degrees C range were: 2.1, 2.1, 2.1 and 2.5 respectively. Increased acclimation temperature had no effect on cardiac stroke volume or systemic vascular resistance, although there was a decrease in branchial vascular resistance, pHa and pHv. 2. Progressive hypoxia had no effect on heart rate or oxygen uptake at 7 degrees C, whereas at 12 degrees C and 17 degrees C there was bradycardia, and a reduction in O2 uptake, with the critical oxygen tension for both variables being higher at the higher temperature. Cardiac stroke volume increased during hypoxia at each temperature, such that cardiac output did not change significantly at 12 and 17 degrees C. Neither pHa nor pHv changed significantly during hypoxia at any of the three temperatures. 3. The influence of acclimation temperatures on experimental results from poikilotherms is pointed out. Previously-published results show quantitative differences. 4. The significance of the present results with respect to the functioning and location of oxygen receptors is discussed. It is argued that as the metabolic demand and critical oxygen tension of the whole animal are increased at high acclimation temperatures the same must be the case with the oxygen receptor. This would raise the stimulation threshold and could account for the bradycardia seen during hypoxia becoming manifest at higher values of PI,O2, Pa,O2 and Pv,O2 as the acclimation temperature is raised.

Cardio-respiratory and metabolic responses to different levels of compression during submaximal exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Sperlich ◽  
M Haegele ◽  
M Krüger ◽  
T Schiffer ◽  
H-C Holmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Different Levels

Objective The effects of knee-high socks that applied different levels of compression (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mmHg) on various cardio-respiratory and metabolic parameters during submaximal running were analysed. Methods Fifteen well-trained, male endurance athletes (age: 22.2 ± 1.3 years; peak oxygen uptake: 57.2 ± 4.0 mL/minute/kg) performed a ramp test to determine peak oxygen uptake. Thereafter, all athletes carried out five periods of submaximal running (at approximately 70% of peak oxygen uptake) with and without compression socks that applied the different levels of pressure. Cardiac output and index, stroke volume, arterio-venous difference in oxygen saturation, oxygen uptake, arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate and blood lactate were monitored before and during all of these tests. Results Cardiac output ( P = 0.29) and index ( P = 0.27), stroke volume ( P = 0.50), arterio-venous difference in oxygen saturation ( P = 0.11), oxygen uptake ( P = 1.00), arterial oxygen saturation ( P = 1.00), heart rate ( P = 1.00) and arterial lactate concentration ( P = 1.00) were unaffected by compression (effect sizes = 0.00–0.65). Conclusion This first evaluation of the potential effects of increasing levels of compression on cardio-respiratory and metabolic parameters during submaximal exercise revealed no effects whatsoever.

scholarly journals Cardiac output estimated noninvasively from oxygen uptake during exercise

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 908-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Stringer ◽  
James E. Hansen ◽  
K. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood

Stringer, William W., James E. Hansen, and K. Wasserman.Cardiac output estimated noninvasively from oxygen uptake during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3): 908–912, 1997.—Because gas-exchange measurements during cardiopulmonary exercise testing allow noninvasive measurement of oxygen uptake (V˙o 2), which is equal to cardiac output (CO) × arteriovenous oxygen content difference [C(a-[Formula: see text])], CO and stroke volume could theoretically be estimated if the C(a-[Formula: see text]) increased in a predictable fashion as a function of %maximumV˙o 2(V˙o 2 max) during exercise. To investigate the behavior of C(a-[Formula: see text]) during progressively increasing ramp pattern cycle ergometry exercise, 5 healthy subjects performed 10 studies to exhaustion while arterial and mixed venous blood were sampled. Samples were analyzed for blood gases (pH, [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]) and oxyhemoglobin and hemoglobin concentration with a CO-oximeter. The C(a-[Formula: see text]) (ml/100 ml) could be estimated with a linear regression [C(a-[Formula: see text]) = 5.72 + 0.105 × %V˙o 2 max; r = 0.94]. The CO estimated from the C(a-[Formula: see text]) by using the above linear regression was well correlated with the CO determined by the direct Fick method ( r = 0.96). The coefficient of variation of the estimated CO was small (7–9%) between the lactic acidosis threshold and peakV˙o 2. The behavior of C(a-[Formula: see text]), as related to peakV˙o 2, was similar regardless of cardiac function compared with similar measurements from studies in the literature performed in normal and congestive heart failure patients. In summary, CO and stroke volume can be estimated during progressive work rate exercise testing from measuredV˙o 2 (in normal subjects and patients with congestive heart failure), and the resultant linear regression equation provides a good estimate of C(a-[Formula: see text]).

Abstract 13772: Percent Predicted Peak Oxygen Pulse Predicts Vascular Responses to Exercise in HFpEF

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P Li ◽  
John Sbarbaro ◽  
Mark Schoenike ◽  
Matthew G Nayor ◽  
Jennifer E Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Response To Exercise

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can help identify early stages of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We sought to determine if percent predicted peak oxygen pulse (%PredO 2 P, as defined by peak oxygen uptake/heart rate), a noninvasive measure combining stroke volume and peripheral oxygen extraction, could serve as a marker of the hemodynamic response to exercise in HFpEF patients. Methods: 154 consecutive patients who underwent maximal CPET (RER>1.05) and were diagnosed with HFpEF (defined as LVEF>50% and PCWP/CO >2 mmHg*min/L or supine resting PCWP >15 mmHg) were included. Exclusion criteria included patients who were taking AV nodal agents, were paced, or had atrial fibrillation. Peak O 2 P and percent predicted were calculated using the Wasserman equation for peak VO2 in conjunction with peak predicted heart rate (220-age). Results: Tertiles of %PredO 2 P were determined with first tertile at 42.1-76.2%, second tertile at 76.2-94.4%, and third tertile at 94.4-139.2%. Baseline parameters differed across %PredO 2 P tertiles ( Table 1 ) with BMI increasing (trend p=0.014). Peak cardiac output (1 st : 10.0±3.0 L/min, 2 nd : 11.1±2.4, 3 rd : 11.5±3.5; p=0.038) and peak stroke volume (1 st : 70.6±20.1 mL, 2 nd : 83.0±16.6, 3 rd : 92.7±20.1; p<0.001) were higher across tertiles, whereas peak HR (1 st : 143±23 bpm, 2 nd : 135±25, 3 rd : 123±26; p<0.001) and peak SVR (1 st : 959±304 dynes*s/cm 5 , 2 nd : 831±187, 3 rd : 810±321; p=0.009) were lower. Exercise PAP/CO slope (1 st : 4.5±2.1 mmHg*min/L, 2 nd : 3.6±1.6, 3 rd : 3.3±1.7; p=0.003) and PCWP/CO slope (1 st : 3.4±1.8 mmHg*min/L, 2 nd : 2.9±1.4, 3 rd : 2.8±2.0; p=0.015) were lower across tertiles of %PredO 2 P. Conclusions: %PredO 2 P is a noninvasive variable that associates with vascular responses to exercise in HFpEF patients. Higher %PredO 2 P was associated with improved vascular responses to exercise with lower SVR, PAP/CO and PCWP/CO slopes.

Influence of age and sex on exercise cardiac output

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Becklake ◽  
H. Frank ◽  
G. R. Dagenais ◽  
G. L. Ostiguy ◽  
Carole A. Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
Oxygen Difference ◽  
Age And Sex

Exercise cardiac output has been measured by an indirect Fick technique in 94 normal subjects (48 men and 46 women) whose ages ranged from 20 to 85 years. With increasing age, exercise cardiac output was found to be greater despite no such trend in oxygen uptake; in consequence, exercise arteriovenous oxygen difference decreased with age. These trends were seen in both sexes, though the age effects were apparent a decade earlier in men. In addition, in men the heart rate was lower and stroke volume higher with increasing age. By contrast, no age effect on exercise pulse rate was noted in women. When the sexes were compared, exercise cardiac output was higher in women of the younger two decades (20 to 39 years), a difference which was not apparent in subsequent decades. sex differences in exercise cardiac output; age differences in exercise cardiac output; stroke volume during exercise; oxygen pulse during exercise Submitted on January 13, 1965

Physiological factors associated with the lower maximal oxygen consumption of master runners

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Rivera ◽  
A. E. Pels ◽  
S. P. Sady ◽  
M. A. Sady ◽  
E. M. Cullinane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Maximal Cardiac Output

We examined the hemodynamic factors associated with the lower maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) in older formerly elite distance runners. Heart rate and VO2 were measured during submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise in 11 master [66 +/- 8 (SD) yr] and 11 young (32 +/- 5 yr) male runners. Cardiac output was determined using acetylene rebreathing at 30, 50, 70, and 85% VO2max. Maximal cardiac output was estimated using submaximal stroke volume and maximal heart rate. VO2max was 36% lower in master runners (45.0 +/- 6.9 vs. 70.4 +/- 8.0 ml.kg-1.min-1, P less than or equal to 0.05), because of both a lower maximal cardiac output (18.2 +/- 3.5 vs. 25.4 +/- 1.7 l.min-1) and arteriovenous O2 difference (16.6 +/- 1.6 vs. 18.7 +/- 1.4 ml O2.100 ml blood-1, P less than or equal to 0.05). Reduced maximal heart rate (154.4 +/- 17.4 vs. 185 +/- 5.8 beats.min-1) and stroke volume (117.1 +/- 16.1 vs. 137.2 +/- 8.7 ml.beat-1) contributed to the lower cardiac output in the older athletes (P less than or equal 0.05). These data indicate that VO2max is lower in master runners because of a diminished capacity to deliver and extract O2 during exercise.

Cardiovascular changes in the exercising emu

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grubb ◽  
D. D. Jorgensen ◽  
M. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Variables

Cardiovascular variables were studied as a function of oxygen consumption in the emu, a large, flightless ratite bird well suited to treadmill exercise. At the highest level of exercise, the birds' rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) was approximately 11.4 times the resting level (4.2 ml kg-1 min-1). Cardiac output was linearly related to VO2, increasing 9.5 ml for each 1 ml increase in oxygen consumption. The increase in cardiac output is similar to that in other birds, but appears to be larger than in mammals. The venous oxygen content dropped during exercise, thus increasing the arteriovenous oxygen content difference. At the highest levels of exercise, heart rate showed a 3.9-fold increase over the resting rate (45.8 beats min-1). The mean resting specific stroke volume was 1.5 ml per kg body mass, which is larger than shown by most mammals. However, birds have larger hearts relative to body mass than do mammals, and stroke volume expressed per gram of heart (0.18 ml g-1) is similar to that for mammals. Stroke volume showed a 1.8-fold increase as a result of exercise in the emus, but a change in heart rate plays a greater role in increasing cardiac output during exercise.

Cardiac Response During Trumpet Playing

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald U Robertson ◽  
Lynda Federoff ◽  
Keith E Eisensmith
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Physiological Efficiency ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Upper Register

Heart rate, heart rate variability, stroke volume, and cardiac output were measured while six college students and six professionals played trumpet. One-minute rest periods were followed by 1 minute of playing exercises designed to assess the effects of pitch and articulation. Heart rate and heart rate variability increased during playing, but stroke volume decreased. Changes in heart rate between resting and playing were greater for students, although beat-to-beat variability was larger for professionals in the upper register. These results suggest that expertise is characterized by greater physiological efficiency.

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