Maternal parenting stress changes over the first year of life in infants with complex cardiac defects and in healthy infants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nadya Golfenshtein ◽  
Alexandra L Hanlon ◽  
Janet A Deatrick ◽  
Barbara Medoff-Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cardiac Defects ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Parent Domain ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives: Parents of infants with CHDs experience increased parenting stress compared to the general population, potentially interfering with parenting practices and bear adverse family outcomes. The changes in stress over the critical period of infancy have yet to be studied. The current study aimed to compare parenting stress changes over time between parents of infants with CHDs and parents of healthy infants during the first year of infants’ life. Methods: Data from a larger prospective cohort study were longitudinally analysed using mixed-effects multivariable regression modelling. Sample included mothers of 129 infants with complex cardiac defects and healthy infants, recruited from the cardiac ICU of a large cardiac centre and outpatient paediatric practices in Northeastern America. Outcome was measured over four visits via the Parenting Stress Index Long Form. Results: Stress in the cardiac group has significantly decreased over time on the Parent Domain (p = 0.025), and stress in the healthy group has significantly increased over time on the Child Domain (p = 0.033). Parenting stress trajectories demonstrated significant differences between groups on the Parent Domain (p = 0.026) and on the Total Stress (p = 0.039) subscales. Conclusions: Parenting stress in the paediatric cardiac population changes over time and differs from stress experienced by parents of healthy infants. Findings highlight stressful periods that may be potentially risky for parents of infants with CHDs and introduce additional illness-related and psychosocial/familial aspects to the parenting stress concept.

scholarly journals Effects of Vocal Training on Students’ Voices in a Professional Drama School

OTO Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473974X1986638
Author(s):  
Jacob I. Tower ◽  
Lynn Acton ◽  
Jessica Wolf ◽  
Walton Wilson ◽  
Nwanmegha Young
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Voice Handicap Index ◽  
First Year ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Vocal Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vocal training on acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of student actors’ voices. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary medical facility speech and swallow center. Subjects and Methods Acoustic, aerodynamic, and Voice Handicap Index–10 measures were collected from 14 first-year graduate-level drama students before and after a standard vocal training program and analyzed for changes over time. Results Among the aerodynamic measures that were collected, mean expiratory airflow was significantly reduced after vocal training. Among the acoustic measures that were collected, mean fundamental frequency was significantly increased after vocal training. On average, Voice Handicap Index–10 scores were unchanged after vocal training. Conclusion The cohort of drama students undergoing vocal training demonstrated improvements in voice aerodynamics, which indicate enhanced glottal efficiency after training. The present study also found an increased average fundamental frequency among the actors during sustained voicing and no changes in jitter and shimmer despite frequent performance.

Understanding Discipline in Families of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Structural Equation Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Miranda ◽  
Dolores Grau ◽  
Jesús Rosel ◽  
Amanda Meliá
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Parental Discipline ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Parent Domain

One hundred and fifty-five mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) completed a semi-structured interview, the Parenting Stress Index Questionnaire (Abidin, 1990), to evaluate parenting stress. The Parenting Scale (Arnold, O'Leary, Wolff & Acker, 1993) was also administered to measure dysfunctional discipline strategies. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model in which the independent variables were the Child's Characteristics and the Socio-Educational Status of his or her family; intermediate variables were Parenting Stress concerning the Child Domain and concerning the Parent Domain; and the dependent variable was Parental Discipline. The results confirm our hypotheses. Interventions in these families should therefore incorporate a component focused on Parenting Stress (in both the Child Domain and the Parent Domain), as a determinant of Parental Discipline.

Haematological profile in foals during the first year of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (16) ◽  
pp. 503-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Faramarzi ◽  
Lon Rich
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Haematological Values ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Foals’ haematological values change constantly during their first year of life. The use of updated age-based reference intervals (RIs) is imperative for providing accurate diagnosis and optimum care for sick foals. The authors' objective was to provide updated RIs for 13 haematological values in 2, 7, 14, 30, 90, 180 and 365-day-old foals and to investigate the changes over time in each measured value. Venous blood was collected at those ages from clinically healthy foals. Thirteen haematological values were analysed. The 95% RIs were reported using a bootstrapping method. Differences over time were examined using Friedman test. RIs for each of the measured values were calculated. Results showed noticeable trends in changes over time in several values. Nevertheless, white blood cell counts significantly increased between day 2 and day 90 (P=0.011) while lymphocyte counts increased from day 2 up to day 180 (P=0.033). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (P=0.011) significantly decreased between day 2 and day 90. Normal haematological values in foals not only differ from those in adult horses but also change throughout the first year of life; thus, it is critical that clinicians use age-based RIs when treating sick foals.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Assessment of Parenting Stress in Parents of Children with New-Onset Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M Bakula ◽  
Sara E Wetter ◽  
James L Peugh ◽  
Avani C Modi
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Parent Domain ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective Parents of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy may experience elevated parenting stress. The present study examined trajectories of parenting stress over time and identified modifiable predictors of these trajectories. Methods Parents of youth with epilepsy (N = 102; 2–12 years old) completed questionnaires 1, 4, 13, 19, and 25-months post-diagnosis, including measures of parenting stress, family functioning, child psychosocial functioning, sociodemographics, and perceived stigma. Latent growth curve models (LGCM) were used to examine domains of parenting stress over time. Results At baseline, 25–48% of parents reported elevated parenting stress. LGCMs revealed that the parent and child domains of parenting stress were generally stable across time. However, life stress was more variable across time, and parents with higher initial life stress had a greater reduction in life stress over time. Socioeconomic status was identified as a non-modifiable predictor of life stress. Family functioning was associated with greater parenting stress in the parent domain. Child psychosocial functioning was associated with greater parenting stress in the parent and child domains. Conclusions Parenting stress was elevated for a subset of families and appeared to be relatively stable over time, with the exception of life stress, which was more variable. With early screening, child factors and parent appraisals of epilepsy may be valuable targets for clinical intervention with families of children with epilepsy.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Stress among Parents of Children with Autism

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Shahzadi Malhotra ◽  
Prof. Waheeda Khan ◽  
Prof. M.S. Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Total Stress ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Parenting Stress Index ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Parent Domain

Background: Researches in the recent years have consistently shown that parents of children with autism experience greater stress than parents of children without autism. There has been enormous understanding into the various challenges that these parents face. However, till date there have been no reported studies on gender differences in stress faced by parents of children with autism, especially in Indian context. Objective: The aim of the present research was to study and compare parenting stress and its domains in parents of children with autism. Participants and Methodology: The study sample consisted of 100 parents of children with autism- 50 mothers and 50 fathers selected using purposive sampling and fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Parenting Stress Index was used to study the total stress and its domains (child domain and parent domain) in the sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics was applied using SPSS version 17.0. Results showed no significant differences in total stress as well as on both the domains between the two study groups. To conclude, there are no gender differences in parenting stress among parents of children with autism.

Talk labour and doing ‘being neoliberal mother’

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor Ochs ◽  
Tamar Kremer-Sadlik
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Harvey Sacks ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

This essay considers the gendered work of childrearing through Harvey Sacks’ (1992) concept of doing ‘being ordinary’. While doing ‘being ordinary’ under-girds social order, what constitutes ‘ordinary’ changes over time. Neoliberalism ushered in middle-class childrearing ideologies that encourage parents to share ever more intensive responsibilities; yet, mothers ordinarily continue to assume the lion’s portion. Central to the intensive parenting practices primarily carried out by mothers is what we call ‘talk labour’, wherein dialoguing with children as conversational partners, beginning in infancy, is constant. The ubiquity of talk makes ordinary for young children a communicative style of heightened reflexivity about their own and others’ actions, ideas and sentiments – skills conducive to becoming a successful actor in the knowledge economy. This essay ties intensification of child-directed talk, critical to ‘doing being neoliberal mother’, to social transformations in family life rooted in modernity and the Industrial Revolution.

Parenting Stress in Turkish Mothers of Infants With Cleft Lip and/or Palate

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handan Boztepe ◽  
Sevil Çınar ◽  
Fatma Figen Özgür, MD
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Collection Form

Objective: To explore parenting stress and factors affecting the mothers of infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Turkey. Design and Participants: The study compared mothers of infants born with CL/P (n = 90) with mothers of healthy infants (n = 90). Mothers completed the data collection form, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: Mothers of infants born with CL/P had higher mean parenting stress scores than the control mothers. A significant negative relationship was found between social support and parenting stress for mothers of infants born with CL/P but was not related for control mothers. Among mothers with an infant with CL/P, the mean parenting stress scores were higher for mothers preoperatively than mothers responding postoperatively. Among mothers with an infant with a cleft, higher stress was found for diagnosis after birth, not breastfeeding, feeding difficulties, lack of fathers’ support, perceived difficult infant temperament, blame, anger, and concern for the future. Conclusion: Parenting stress was higher and social support was lower for mothers of infants with a cleft. Treatment teams can design interventions aimed at factors related to stress, such as addressing feeding issues, teaching coping skills, and linking to social support.

Preconditions for Sensitivity in Measuring Change: Visual Analogue Scales Compared to Rating Scales in a Likert Format

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Pfennings ◽  
Leo Cohen ◽  
Henk van der Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
First Year ◽  
Discrete Form ◽  
Discrete Response ◽  
Measuring Change ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
First Year Medical Students ◽  
Analogue Scales ◽  
Over Time

In a study of preconditions of responsiveness, we examined the variances obtained by two different ways of responding to questionnaire items. Subjects were 168 first-year medical students. They all completed a questionnaire of nine items. The original Liken-like scoring was (partially) replaced by visual analogue scoring in three quarters of the questionnaires. For three items the analogue form had a significantly greater variance than the discrete form, but no discrete item had a significantly greater variance than its analogue counterpart. Assuming that a greater variance was indicative for a greater responsiveness, our findings provide some support for the preferred use of analogue scales over discrete response categories in the measurement of changes over time.

Maternal Depression and Early Parenting: A Comparison Between Culturally and Linguistically Diverse and Australian born Mothers

2022 ◽  
pp. 103985622110528
Author(s):  
Jodi Eatt ◽  
Stuart J Watson ◽  
Helen L. Ball ◽  
Katherine Sevar, MBchB, MPM, FRANZCP ◽  
Megan Galbally
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Early Parenting

Objective: To examine the risk of perinatal depression, parenting stress and infant sleep practices in Australian culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) women. Method: Within the Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Wellbeing Study, we examined 487 pregnant women of whom 52 were CaLD and 435 non-CaLD. Depression was measured using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In addition, Parenting Stress Index and infant sleep measures were collected. Results: Fewer CaLD women had a depression diagnosis but there were no differences between CaLD and non-CaLD women for perinatal mental health symptoms. More mothers in the CaLD group were bed sharing with their infant during the night at six months; however, bedsharing was only associated with higher parenting stress for non-CaLD mothers. Conclusions: Findings suggest both differences in infant sleep parenting practices and in parenting stress but not general emotional wellbeing. Future research is required to replicate these findings.

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