Decentralized Teaching in Emergency Medicine in a Thinly Populated Area in Norway

Norway has fairly well developed primary health care. It is developed around general practitioners who, in their local regions, are responsible for total health care, including emergency medical care. During the last few years, there has been an increasing buildup of resources in the hospitals in the area. Modern technical equipment, increasing knowledge and practical training among the house physicians have greatly improved standards of CPR and emergency health service inside hospitals. Unfortunately, there has not been a proportional build up of resources, knowledge and practical skills in the districts and rural areas. An increasing gap between the treatment offeredinsideandoutsidehospitals has developed.

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Prevention and Control of COVID-19 by Primary Health Care Facilities in China: A Field- Survey-Based Qualitative Study in Three Typical Cities

10.21203/rs.3.rs-540798/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yunyun Yan ◽

Teng-yang Fan ◽

Yan-ling Zheng ◽

Hai-qin Yang ◽

Tian-shu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Field Survey ◽

Risk Levels ◽

Face To Face ◽

Primary Health ◽

Community Residents ◽

And Control

Abstract Background In fulfilling the COVID-19 containment, primary health care (PHC) facilities in China played an important role. We sought to investigate the exact tasks performed at the PHC facilities and the processes of COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods Semi-structured face-to-face interviews for primary care physicians (PCPs) and a simple survey for residents were conducted in the field survey. Based-on purposive stratified sampling, 32 PCPs were selected from 22 PHC facilities in Wuhan as a high-risk city, in Shanghai as medium-risk city and in Zunyi as low-risk city. In the field survey, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with PCPs to summarize the tasks of COVID-19 prevention and control at the PHC facilities. A simple survey was used to investigate the local residents’ awareness about COVID-19 prevention and control.Results In pre-outbreak period, the PHC facilities mainly engaged in storing medical supplies; in out-break period, they were responsible for screening, transferring, quarantine and treatment; in regular prevention and control period, attention was given to the employees and items of cold-chain & fresh food markets, etc. In Wuhan, PHC facilities focused on graded diagnoses and treatments of patients; in Shanghai, they were mainly engaged in at-home/centralized quarantine; in Zunyi, they focused on the screening of high-risk individuals. In urban areas, COVID-19 were more likely to be transmitted; in urban-rural areas, it was difficult to perform screening on the migrant populations; in rural areas, the risk was much lower. The community residents had satisfactory compliance with the preventive measures.Conclusion We identified differences in the prevention and control tasks performed at the PHC facilities in China. During the different phases of the pandemic, the tasks were adjusted depending on the gradually comprehensive understanding of COVID-19. Among the cities at different risk levels, screening, quarantine, transferring or treatment was chosen to be a priority accordingly. Located in different intra-city geographic locations at different risk levels, the PHC facilities conducted their own tasks accordingly. Additionally, compliance on the part of the local community residents could not be overemphasized in COVID-19 prevention and control.

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The impact of COVID-19 on primary health care and antibiotic prescribing in rural China: qualitative study

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-07082-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tingting Zhang ◽

Xingrong Shen ◽

Rong Liu ◽

Linhai Zhao ◽

Debin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural China ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Epidemic Control ◽

Primary Health ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background In China, the primary health care (PHC) system has been designated responsible for control and prevention of COVID-19, but not treatment. Suspected COVID-19 cases presenting to PHC facilities must be transferred to specialist fever clinics. This study aims to understand the impact of COVID-19 on PHC delivery and on antibiotic prescribing at a community level in rural areas of central China. Methods Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 PHC practitioners and seven patients recruited from two township health centres and nine village clinics in two rural residential areas of Anhui province. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results PHC practitioners reported a major shift in their work away from seeing and treating patients (due to government-mandated referral to specialist Covid clinics) to focus on the key public health roles of tracing, screening and educating in rural areas. The additional work, risk, and financial pressure that PHC practitioners faced, placed considerable strain on them, particularly those working in village clinics. Face to face PHC provision was reduced and there was no substitution with consultations by phone or app, which practitioners attributed to the fact that most of their patients were elderly and not willing or able to switch. Practitioners saw COVID-19 as outside of their area of expertise and very different to the non-COVID-19 respiratory tract infections that they frequently treated pre-pandemic. They reported that antibiotic prescribing was reduced overall because far fewer patients were attending rural PHC facilities, but otherwise their antibiotic prescribing practices remained unchanged. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic had considerable impact on PHC in rural China. Practitioners took on substantial additional workload as part of epidemic control and fewer patients were seen in PHC. The reduction in patients seen and treated in PHC led to a reduction in antibiotic prescribing, although clinical practice remains unchanged. Since COVID-19 epidemic control work has been designated as a long-term task in China, rural PHC clinics now face the challenge of how to balance their principal clinical and increased public health roles and, in the case of the village clinics, remain financially viable.

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The Acquisition of Practical Skills in Nursing Students. A Challenge in Primary Health Care

International Journal of Research Studies in Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.22259/ijrsmhs.0510003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 9-10

Author(s):

Mayle Santana Hernández ◽

Claribel Plain Pazos ◽

Carmen Rosa Carmona Pentón ◽

Anisbel Pérez de Alejo Plain ◽

Yaquelín Martínez Chávez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Practical Skills ◽

Primary Health

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Nurses’ Knowledge about MCH Services at Primary Health Care Centers in Rural Areas of Babylon Governorate - Iraq

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ◽

10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16915 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Primary Health ◽

Primary Health Care Centers ◽

Health Care Centers ◽

Nurses Knowledge

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Self-Perception of Theoretical Knowledge and Practical Skills by Primary Health Care Physicians in Life-Threatening Emergencies

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x18000808 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 508-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

José Antonio Cernuda Martínez ◽

Rafael Castro Delgado ◽

Elena Ferrero Fernández ◽

Pedro Arcos González

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Geographical Area ◽

General Level ◽

Theoretical Knowledge ◽

Practical Skills ◽

Self Perception ◽

Primary Health ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Primary Health Care Physicians

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of this study was to find out the training received in Urgent and Emergency Medicine (UEM) by the Primary Health Care (PHC) physicians of Asturias (Spain), as well as their perception of their own theoretical knowledge and practical skills in a series of procedures employed in life-threatening emergencies (LTEs), and also to analyze the differences according to the geographical area of their work.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey of PHC physicians using an ad hoc survey of a sample of 213 physicians in Asturias regarding their self-perception of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in techniques used in LTEs by areas of work (rural, suburban, and urban). The interview was conducted by mail from April through May 2017. The data processing has used absolute and relative frequencies, as well as central tendency parameters and dispersion parameters. The estimates for the entire population have been made using confidence intervals for the mean of 95%. In the comparison of parameters, the differences between parameters with a probability of error less than five percent (P<.05) have been considered significant. For the comparison of means between the different techniques in the different areas of work, ANOVA was used.ResultsWith respect to the training of physicians, in general, for managing emergencies, both at the regional level and by areas of work (rural, suburban, and urban), none of the sets analyzed attained five points. By areas of work, it was the suburban region where there was a greater average general level of knowledge. There were significant differences in the average theoretical knowledge and the average practical skills in the procedures studied according to the different areas of work. The greater number of significant differences was between the urban and suburban regions and within the urban area.Conclusions:It’s necessary to ensure an adequate homogeneity of the levels of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of PHC physicians in order to guarantee the equity of provision of health care in emergencies in different geographical areas.Cernuda MartínezJA, Castro DelgadoR, Ferrero FernándezE, Arcos GonzálezP. Self-perception of theoretical knowledges and practical skills by primary health care physicians in life-threatening emergencies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(5):508–518.

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From Condom to Cabbages: Reflections on Primary Health Care

Australian Journal of Primary Health ◽

10.1071/py02034 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Bala Mudaly

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Social Issues ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Local People ◽

Local Newspapers ◽

Primary Health ◽

North Eastern ◽

Hiv Aids

In November 2002, I undertook an extended visit to Thailand. I toured the urban centres and rural areas of north and north eastern Thailand. From reading the local newspapers, talking to local people, and from personal observations, I gained a sense of the more urgent social issues troubling this country: rural poverty, HIV/AIDS, the low status ofwomen, and corruption.

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Perceptions of Community on Post-Contraceptive Care by Primary Health Care System in Tribal and Rural Areas of Visakhapatnam District of Andhra Pradesh

Studies on Ethno-Medicine ◽

10.1080/09735070.2008.11886311 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 29-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.R. Varma ◽

A. Rohini

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Health Care System ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Primary Health Care System ◽

Primary Health ◽

Visakhapatnam District ◽

Care System

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Establishment of an Accelerated Doctor of Family Medicine Program at Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development ◽

10.1177/2382120518818844 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 238212051881884

Author(s):

Ahmad Al-Shafei ◽

Saleh Al-Damegh ◽

Fahad Al-Matham ◽

Abdulrahman Al-Mohaimeed ◽

Abdullah Al-Nafeesah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Family Medicine ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Total Duration ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Primary Health Care System ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Primary Health

Primary health care is well known to be the cornerstone for the health of the society. Furthermore, efficient health care at the secondary and tertiary levels is entirely dependent on effective primary health care. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is currently building up a rigorous primary health care system with a large number of well-equipped primary health care centers. However, there is an acute shortage of Saudi family physicians throughout the country; both in urban and rural areas. There is no evidence in the literature supporting the relatively long 7 years’ traditional duration of medical programs in the KSA. Rather, several US and Canadian medical schools have established accelerated programs in Internal Medicine and Family Medicine with graduates comparable with those of the traditional curricula in terms of standardized tests, initial resident characteristics, and performance outcomes. In response to the challenges the KSA is facing in primary health care, Unaizah College of Medicine at Qassim University is proposing to establish an accelerated Doctor of Family Medicine Program that would run for total duration of 6 years. Herein, we describe a concise outline of this program.

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