Effects of Ageing: Potential Employment Gaps and the Possible Role of Migration

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-527
Author(s):  
Ernest Berkhout
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Employment Gaps ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Employment Gap ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Moment

Although age distributions differ between countries, the ageing challenge is apparent everywhere. In the coming decades, the average age will increase all over Europe. As a consequence, the ratio between the working-age population (age 15–64) and the elderly population will decline, meaning a relatively reduced supply of labour, resulting in a ‘potential employment gap’. Although different in magnitude, the ageing effect is clearly present in all countries. If the EU-25 employment rate were to remain at its present 63% the average employment level will have decreased by 30 million persons in 2050. This effect is even relevant in the short-term perspective, as the first post-war birth cohorts are exiting the labour market already. After mentioning solutions to close this potential gap, such as raising participation rates and real labour productivity, this paper will focus in more detail on the possible role of migration in labour supply. As well as being the most unpredictable, this is also the most disputed variable. As traditional migration patterns are rapidly changing at the moment, this paper does not have the intention of being conclusive and absolute. However, the labour migration debate can still be elevated to a more scientific level by tackling some common misperceptions and adding new empirical facts.

The Role of Small-Scale Farming in Familial Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-109
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Tomita ◽  
Mario Ivan Lopez ◽  
Yasuyuki Kono
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Working Age

At present, Thailand’s market economy is placing pressure on familial care within rural households. An increasing amount of people are making their living in the current market economy and moving to urban areas in search of employment. The provisioning of care has come under greater risk, especially for women and couples of working age who are exposed to the possibilities of losing employment opportunities. While caregiving has been a responsibility of the household, shifts in working patterns have weakened its ability to care for children and the elderly. However, the capacity to care in northeast Thailand is still higher than in other regions of the country. This article discusses the balancing act that takes place between a progressive market economy and familial care as provided within households in northeast Thailand to demonstrate the importance that rice farming plays in familial care even if income from farming is limited.

scholarly journals Role of tax incentives for increase in personal pensions saving

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Stanislav Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Sustainable Income

Personal pensions increase their role in the retirement savings in the European Union. The design of the personal pensions is of great importance for the success of the saving. In the European Union there is no common legislation on the taxation of pensions. In recent years, the personal responsibility of savers for making decisions to save for retirement has increased. The limited ability of public pension systems to guarantee an adequate and sustainable income after working age necessitates the search for opportunities to fill this "pension gap". That is why the market for long-term savings products is central to achieving adequate income replacement and maintaining the standard of living of the elderly. This is one of the reasons for the greater role of the tax treatment of the savings products. The paper is analyzing the role of tax incentives for the increase of the saving in personal pension products. The study is searching answer which are the most important steps for efficient tax policy of retirement savings products. The new product on the European Union market, the pan-European personal pension product, sheds extra light on the topic of the importance and the efficiency of the tax treatment of saving in personal pension products. The research finds out that favourable tax treatment for saving in personal pension products is a must but it has to be major part of the overall social welfare and tax policy of the member states.

scholarly journals Pelaksanaan Rencana Kerja Operasional (RKO) Program Posyandu Lansia Sehati Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wonorejo Samarinda

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Rindha Mareta Kusumawati ◽  
I Putu Sukra ◽  
Avita Yulianti Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Health Center ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Service Center ◽  
Integrated Health ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Analyze Data

Sehati Integrated Health Service Center (Posyandu) is one of four Integrated Health Service Center (Posyandu) for the Elderly at the Wonorejo Health Center. During this time, the Integrated Health Service Center (Posyandu) for the Elderly has not been maximized because of inadequate human resources. This study aims to describe the implementation of the operational work plan in Sehati Integrated Health Service Center for Elderly programs in Wonorejo Health Center works area. The type of research was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The research informants were the chief of the Health Center, senior program person in charge and cadres. Observation, interviews, and documentation are used to collect the data. The techniques to analyze data were data collection, reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results showed that there was no background for the role of the PKK due to the lack of human resources however the person in charge was right and supporting resources namely equipment for the Integrated Health Service Center for Elderly activities were available. There had been no role of the PKK due to lack of human resources, cadres were still less active and there were still elderly people who didn’t come to the Integrated Health Service Center due to lack of motivation from the elderly family are the Conclusion of this research. The person in charge of the implementation of the Integrated Health Service Center for the elderly was appropriate namely the chief of RT and the leader of the Integrated Health Service Center for the elderly cadres. Supporting resources such as the equipment for the activities of the Integrated Health Service Center for the elderly programs are already available at the moment. Keywords: posyandu; elderly; cadres ABSTRAK Puskesmas Wonorejo memiliki 4 Posyandu Lansia, salah satunya adalah Posyandu Sehati. Pelaksanaan Posyandu lansia belum maksimal karena SDM kurang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pelaksanaan rencana kerja operasional program posyandu lansia sehati wilayah kerja Puskesmas Wonorejo Samarinda. Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan penelitian adalah kepala puskesmas, pemegang program lansia dan kader. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi, penyajian data dan verfikasi. Hasil penelitian yaitu latar belakang belum ada peran dari PKK dikarenakan kurangnya SDM, penanggung jawab sudah tepat dan sumber daya pendukung yaitu peralatan untuk kegiatan posyandu lansia sudah tersedia. Kesimpulan belum ada peran dari PKK dikarenakan kurangnya SDM, kader masih kurang aktif dan masih ada lansia yang tidak datang ke posyandu karena kurangnya motivasi dari keluarga lansia tersebut. Penanggung jawab pelaksanaan posyandu lansia sudah tepat yaitu ketua RT dan ketua kader posyandu lansia. Sumber daya pendukung, yaitu peralatan kegiatan program posyandu lansia sehati sudah tersedia. Kata kunci: posyandu; lansia; kader

scholarly journals Economic Mobility Under Pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1844-1885
Author(s):  
Simen Markussen ◽  
Knut Røed
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Economic Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
The Family ◽  
Class Background ◽  
Post War

Abstract Based on complete population data, with the exact same definitions of family class background and economic outcomes for a large number of birth cohorts, we examine post-war trends in intergenera-tional economic mobility in Norway. Standard summary statistics indicate stable or mildly declining rank–rank mobility for sons and sharply declining mobility for daughters. The most conspicuous trend in the mobility patterns is that men and women born into the lowest parts of the parental earnings distribution have fallen behind in terms of own earnings rank, as well as a number of other quality-of-life indicators. A considerable part of this development can be explained by changes in the class distribution of educational attainment and in its rising influence on earnings rank. We argue that although the educational revolution has diminished the role of inherited ability, it has enlarged the influence of the family as provider of a social learning environment.

scholarly journals “Remaining for the moment without an audience”: The Literary and Civil Commitment of Carles Riba

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Jordi Malé
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Civil Commitment ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Moment

AbstractCarles Riba (1893–1959) wrote several articles in which he showed his commitment to literature and reflected on the role of literature in society, as “Socrates in front of the judges” (1926), “Politicians and Intellectuals” (1927), “Literature and Rescuing Groups” (1938) and the presentations of the Revista de Catalunya (1939 and 1955). Many of these texts were written in turbulent political contexts: the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923–1929), the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and the post-war period under Franco (1939–1959). The aim of this paper is to study these articles and analyse Riba’s view of writers and intellectuals.

scholarly journals Mediation analysis for associations of categorical variables: The role of education in social class mobility in Britain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouni Kuha ◽  
Erzsebet Bukodi ◽  
John H Goldthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Variance Estimators ◽  
Causal Mediation Analysis ◽  
Post War

We analyse levels and trends of intergenerational social class mobility among three post-war birth cohorts in Britain, and examine how much of the observed mobility or immobility in them could be accounted for by existing differences in educational attainment between people from different class backgrounds. We propose for this purpose a method which quantifies associations between categorical variables when we compare groups which differ only in the distribution of a mediating variable such as education. This is analogous to estimation of indirect effects in causal mediation analysis, but is here developed to define and estimate population associations of variables. We propose estimators for these associations, which depend only on fitted values from models for the mediator and outcome variables, and variance estimators for them. The analysis shows that the part that differences in education play in intergenerational class mobility is by no means so dominant as has been supposed, and that while it varies with gender and with particular mobility transitions, it shows no tendency to increase over time.

Prospective Memory Development Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Zuber ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Integrative Framework

Abstract. Prospective Memory (PM; i.e., the ability to remember to perform planned tasks) represents a key proxy of healthy aging, as it relates to older adults’ everyday functioning, autonomy, and personal well-being. The current review illustrates how PM performance develops across the lifespan and how multiple cognitive and non-cognitive factors influence this trajectory. Further, a new, integrative framework is presented, detailing how those processes interplay in retrieving and executing delayed intentions. Specifically, while most previous models have focused on memory processes, the present model focuses on the role of executive functioning in PM and its development across the lifespan. Finally, a practical outlook is presented, suggesting how the current knowledge can be applied in geriatrics and geropsychology to promote healthy aging by maintaining prospective abilities in the elderly.

HUBUNGAN PERAN FAMILY CAREGIVER TERHADAP QUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
RIANI PRADARA JATI ◽  
Sekar Farah Nabila
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Caregiver ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family

  Penempatan peran yang baik bagi Family Caregiver sangatlah membantu lansia dalam meningkatkah qualitas hidupnya, meningkatkan motivasi dalam menjalankan hidup Penelitian ini bertujuan Mengetahui hubungan peran Family Caregiver dalam pemenuhan qualitas hidup bagi lansia di Kelurahan Langenharjo Kabupaten Kendal. DesainPenelitianDeskriptifKorelasional menggunakan pendekatan Krosectional,tehnikSamplingStratified Simple Random Sampling dengan karakteristik heterogen, dari populasi mempunyai hak yang sama untuk diseleksi sebagai sampel teknik undianPengambilan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Uji statistik Chi-square, dengan taraf signifikasi 5%jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini 70 sampel pada Family Caregiver dari 213 populasi yang ada. Hasil penelitian dari 70 responden didapatkan Peran Family Caregiver tidak baik dengan qualitas hidup tidak baik 33 (47,1%), sedangkan Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik 3 (4,3%). Untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik sebanyak 6 responden (8,6%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik sebanyak 23 responden (32,9%). Terakhir, untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik didapatkan hasil 2 responden (2, 9%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik didapatkan hasil 3 responden (4,3%)Menunjukkan nilai ρ value 0,001 (ρ < 0,05) berarti ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan lansia dalam keikutsertaan posyandu lansia. Disarankan kepada semua Family Cregiver lansia untuk mampu memahami pentingnya perhatian, dukungan bagi lansia dalammeningkatkan qualitas hidup yang lebih baik bagi lansia.   Kata kunci : Peran family caregiver, qualitas hidup, lansia.   ABSTRACT Placement of a good role for Family Caregiver is very helpful for the elderly to improve their quality of life, increase motivation in living life Research Objective: To know the relationship between the role of Family Caregiver in fulfilling quality of life for the elderly in Langenharjo Village, Kendal Regency. Descriptive Correlational Research Design uses a cross sectional approach, Sampling Stratified Simple Random Sampling technique with heterogeneous characteristics, from the population has the same right to be selected as a sample lottery technique Retrieving data using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Test Chi-square statistics, with a significance level of 5% the number of samples in this study 70 samples on the Family Caregiver from 213 populations. Results of the Study Of 70 respondents found the role of Family Caregiver was not good with poor quality of life 33 (47.1%) , while the role of the Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of a good elderly 3 (4.3%). For the distribution of the role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of the poor family as many as 6 respondents (8.6%) while for the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of good elderly as many as 23 respondents (32.9%). Finally, the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the poor is obtained by 2 respondents (2, 9%), while the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the elderly is obtained by 3 respondents (4.3%). 0.001 (ρ <0.05) means that there is a relationship between family support and the compliance of the elderly in the participation of the elderly posyandu. It is recommended to all elderly Cregiver families to be able to understand the importance of attention, support for the elderly in improving the quality of life better for the elderly   Keywords: Role of Family Caregiver, Quality of Life, Elderly

Short Films from a Small Nation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Art And Architecture

The first book-length study in English of a national corpus of state-sponsored informational film, this book traces how Danish shorts on topics including social welfare, industry, art and architecture were commissioned, funded, produced and reviewed from the inter-war period to the 1960s. For three decades, state-sponsored short filmmaking educated Danish citizens, promoted Denmark to the world, and shaped the careers of renowned directors like Carl Th. Dreyer. Examining the life cycle of a representative selection of films, and discussing their preservation and mediation in the digital age, this book presents a detailed case study of how informational cinema is shaped by, and indeed shapes, its cultural, political and technological contexts.The book combines close textual analysis of a broad range of films with detailed accounts of their commissioning, production, distribution and reception in Denmark and abroad, drawing on Actor-Network Theory to emphasise the role of a wide range of entities in these processes. It considers a broad range of genres and sub-genres, including industrial process films, public information films, art films, the city symphony, the essay film, and many more. It also maps international networks of informational and documentary films in the post-war period, and explores the role of informational film in Danish cultural and political history.

PINGVINAS IR PROTĖJAS. Įsivaizdavimas kaip kitybė manyje

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Kristupas Sabolius
Keyword(s):  
Fight Club ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Hollywood Movie

Kitybės klausimas dažniausiai kyla iš ego santykio su kitais arba su pasauliu. Šiame straipsnyje daroma prielaida, kad įsivaizdavimo funkcija ištirpdo subjektą ir jame pačiame atveria intersubjektyvią perspektyvą. Šiuo tikslu sugretinami Sartre’o, Husserlio bei Merleau-Ponty įsivaizdavimo funkcijos tyrimai, kuriuose išryškėja vaizdo kaip iš ego centro išslystančios ribos statusas, ir Holivudo filmo „Kovos klubas“ siužetas. Viename iš šios juostos epizodų pasirodantis pingvinas žymi egologinės schizmos akimirką ir tampa fantazijos apsireiškimu ir įsikūnijimu.Išgryninus žaidybinį, savarankišką ir multiformišką charakterį, galime konstantuoti, kad įsivaizdavimas, jei kalbėtume Kanto terminais, yra ne papildanti tarpinė funkcija, bet transcendentalinio subjekto genezėje atlieka paradoksalų „svetimos vidujybės“ arba „vidinės svetimybės“ vaidmenį. Vaizduotė yra katalizatoriaus, kuris, likdamas šalia, įgalina transcendentalinių formų išsikristalizavimą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: vaizduotė, įsivaizdavimas, fantazija, ego, kitybė, sąmonė.PENGUIN AND PROTEUSImagination as Otherness in meKristupas Sabolius SummaryThe question of Otherness is usually taken into account while discussing the Ego’s relation with Others as well as with the World. This article is based on the premises that the function of phantasy melts the subjectivity, revealing the perspective of intersubjectivity within it. On this purpose Sartre’s, Husserl’s and Merleau-Ponty’s researches on the function of imagination, which elucidate the image as the boundary slipping from the centre of Ego, are compared to the story of Hollywood’ movie „Fight Club“. The penguin, which appears in one of the episodes, registers the moment of egological schism, thus becoming the revelation and incarnation of phantasy. While the playful, autonomous and multiform character of imaginary is cleared out, we can ascertain, speaking in Kantian terms, that it has not a complementary or intermediary function, but, in the genesis of transcendental subject, plays the paradoxical role of „allien innerness“ or „inner alienity“. Thought remaining always beside, imagination is a catalyzer which enables crystallization of transcendental forms.Keywords: imagination, imaginary, phantasy, ego, otherness, consciousness.

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