The Role of Small-Scale Farming in Familial Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-109
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Tomita ◽  
Mario Ivan Lopez ◽  
Yasuyuki Kono
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Working Age

At present, Thailand’s market economy is placing pressure on familial care within rural households. An increasing amount of people are making their living in the current market economy and moving to urban areas in search of employment. The provisioning of care has come under greater risk, especially for women and couples of working age who are exposed to the possibilities of losing employment opportunities. While caregiving has been a responsibility of the household, shifts in working patterns have weakened its ability to care for children and the elderly. However, the capacity to care in northeast Thailand is still higher than in other regions of the country. This article discusses the balancing act that takes place between a progressive market economy and familial care as provided within households in northeast Thailand to demonstrate the importance that rice farming plays in familial care even if income from farming is limited.

scholarly journals Business households in the context of Vietnam's culture and law

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vien The Giang ◽  
Vo Thi My Huong
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Family ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Development Support ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Business Relations

The article analyzes and clarifies the position and role of business households in the system of business entities in the market economy in Vietnam. From its small-scale position, restrictions on the rights to use labor and business locations, current Vietnamese laws have established provisions to ensure equality in legal status, autonomy, and self-responsibility on business transactions of business households. However, the business household is built and managed on the basis of the family, the members of the business household both show blood relation and economic relation. Therefore, the family traditional cultural factors have a huge impact on the internal and business relations of household businesses. The traditional family relationship, and the relationship among the members (of the business household) in the business relations related to asset liability and the development support policy of the State will form the pillar to promote the development of household businesses to become an important and indispensable part of the market economy and international integration in our country currently.

scholarly journals MOTIVATIONS AND RESOURCES OF SMALL-SCALE FARMERS FOR STAYING IN THEIR VILLAGE IN NORTHEAST THAILAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Uehara
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Decision To Stay ◽  
Profit Maximisation ◽  
The Village

This study aims to examine one simple question: Why do some small-scale farmers in rural, northeast Thailand keep staying on in their villages despite the fact that they could earn a much higher income if they worked in urban areas? To answer this question, this study which is based on first-hand observations from nine years of intensive fieldwork in rural, northeast Thailand provides a detailed description of the small-scale farmers’ resources that enable them to sustain a living and also provides them motivations to stay in their village. The decision to stay on in the village and forgo the option to move out in pursuit of a higher income may seem irrational in the opinion of economists. However, the author, by employing the “capability approach” argument by A. Sen, argues that their behaviour could be understood as efforts of pursuing “lives worth living” (as expressed in his later work as an architect of the UN’s “human security” program) and not solely profit maximisation. Their efforts include establishing “community groups” and practising “sustainable agriculture” including “organic farming” and “integrated farming”. These activities are well-suited to their natural environments and economic conditions and, at the same time, give them autonomy in their villages.

Effects of Ageing: Potential Employment Gaps and the Possible Role of Migration

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-527
Author(s):  
Ernest Berkhout
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Employment Gaps ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Employment Gap ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Moment

Although age distributions differ between countries, the ageing challenge is apparent everywhere. In the coming decades, the average age will increase all over Europe. As a consequence, the ratio between the working-age population (age 15–64) and the elderly population will decline, meaning a relatively reduced supply of labour, resulting in a ‘potential employment gap’. Although different in magnitude, the ageing effect is clearly present in all countries. If the EU-25 employment rate were to remain at its present 63% the average employment level will have decreased by 30 million persons in 2050. This effect is even relevant in the short-term perspective, as the first post-war birth cohorts are exiting the labour market already. After mentioning solutions to close this potential gap, such as raising participation rates and real labour productivity, this paper will focus in more detail on the possible role of migration in labour supply. As well as being the most unpredictable, this is also the most disputed variable. As traditional migration patterns are rapidly changing at the moment, this paper does not have the intention of being conclusive and absolute. However, the labour migration debate can still be elevated to a more scientific level by tackling some common misperceptions and adding new empirical facts.

scholarly journals The Role of Small Businesses (Small Scale Economic Projects) in Alleviating the Acuity of Unemployment

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haga Elimam
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Time Series Approach

Small businesses are the essential constituents in the development of economy and generating employment opportunities within country. Unemployment is the major concern, which is spreading its roots in various forms and dimensions. The objective of the study was to examine the role of small businesses in alleviating the acuity of unemployment rate. Quantitative approach has been utilized to examine the role of small businesses. Therefore, data was collected from general statistics, directorate of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the years 2005-2013. Multiple Regression Analysis using the time series approach has been implemented to analyze the gathered information through SPSS version 20.0. The findings have stated that there was a significant impact of small projects on the unemployment rate of Saudi Arabia (p=0.097). Furthermore, statistically insignificant results were revealed for amount of funding variable (p=0.451). A negative relationship has been determined between unemployment rate and amount of funding; while positive and direct relationship was determined between unemployment rate and population. Small businesses are vital in escalating the economy of the country and sustaining the environmental protection. However, small businesses must amend themselves according to the strategies devised for large projects to contribute more to alleviate unemployment rate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals PERAN KELUARGA TERHADAP LANSIA di PUSKESMAS REJOSARI

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liva Maita
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Family Role ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
The City

In Indonesia the attention to the elderly population increases mainly due to the number that tends to increase rapidly. In 2010, the number of elderly residents living in urban areas was 12,380,321 people (9.58%), and those living in rural areas of 15.612.232 people (9.97%). There is a considerable difference between the elderly in the city and in the village. This difference can be due to the migration patterns of young people to the city and their old age prefer to their village, and villagers have a greater life expectancy because they do not breathe polluted air, do not often face the things that make them more stressful, tentramnya rather than the days of stress, and also because the food consumed is not contaminated with pesticides, thus making them not susceptible to disease. General Purpose Knowledge of family role to health of elderly at Rejosari Health Center Pekanbaru year 2013. Type of research was descriptive. Sample in this study as many as 94 elderly who taken mengguankan purposive sampling technique, the data were analyzed univariat. The result of the research showed the role of family in the health examination of the elderly with good category (88,30%), the role of family in the fulfillment of good nutrition of elderly with good category (98,94%), family role in meeting the needs of rest and sleep of elderly with good category (91, 94%) and the role of family with good category (95%). It is expected that the PHC to improve the Elderly Health Program in PHC through health examination and gymnastics elderly every week. 

The role of small-scale independent water providers in urban areas

Waterlines ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Mike Albu ◽  
Cyrus Njiru
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Scale

scholarly journals Role of tax incentives for increase in personal pensions saving

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Stanislav Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Sustainable Income

Personal pensions increase their role in the retirement savings in the European Union. The design of the personal pensions is of great importance for the success of the saving. In the European Union there is no common legislation on the taxation of pensions. In recent years, the personal responsibility of savers for making decisions to save for retirement has increased. The limited ability of public pension systems to guarantee an adequate and sustainable income after working age necessitates the search for opportunities to fill this "pension gap". That is why the market for long-term savings products is central to achieving adequate income replacement and maintaining the standard of living of the elderly. This is one of the reasons for the greater role of the tax treatment of the savings products. The paper is analyzing the role of tax incentives for the increase of the saving in personal pension products. The study is searching answer which are the most important steps for efficient tax policy of retirement savings products. The new product on the European Union market, the pan-European personal pension product, sheds extra light on the topic of the importance and the efficiency of the tax treatment of saving in personal pension products. The research finds out that favourable tax treatment for saving in personal pension products is a must but it has to be major part of the overall social welfare and tax policy of the member states.

Development of technology and extension for small-scale fish farms in northeast Thailand.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Research Partnership ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Extension System ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Resource Poor

Abstract This case study was prepared as part of an Asian Development Bank (ADB) Special Evaluation Study on Small-Scale Freshwater Rural Aquaculture for Poverty Reduction. It was specifically prepared with the intention to examine the processes in developing appropriate technology options for small-scale fish farming, and to assess the relevance and role of extension for resource poor fish farmers, by drawing on non-ADB experiences of cooperative efforts to develop technology and extension for small-scale household level fish farming. The Aqua Outreach Programme (AOP) of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) and the Department of Fisheries (DOF) of Thailand undertook these cooperative efforts. These have taken place in northeast Thailand, the poorest region of the country, and have involved partnerships with a range of local government agencies and non-government organizations (NGOs), and farmers. Freshwater aquaculture is relatively new in northeast Thailand (Setboonsarng, 1994). Although aquaculture is increasing, most of the increase is by better-off farmers, especially in peri-urban areas, and aquaculture remains underdeveloped in most rural areas. The first major aim of the research partnership between DOF and the AOP was to develop appropriate technology for poor farmers in resource poor areas of Asia, with northeast Thailand as a pilot area, because of its marginal characteristics. The research partnership proceeded along a learning curve as it developed appropriate technology and extension for small-scale farmers in resource-poor areas. Assessment of impact of the piloted initiatives demonstrated that the technologies produced by the research had relevance for pro-poor aquaculture under social and economic conditions prevailing at the time the research was carried out. The technologies comprised nursing fish fry to large fingerlings in hapas (fine mesh net cages) in the farmer's pond, and supplementing buffalo manure with urea for pond fertilization for growout (farming of seed fish to market size) following stocking of large fingerlings in fish ponds. As the Thai economy expanded rapidly, a more productive growout technology was piloted as the opportunity cost of labour, and therefore of remaining labour on-farm, had risen. This consisted of hapa nursing followed by growout of sex-reversed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in an inorganically fertilized pond. A distance extension system was piloted because of the absence of a conventional aquaculture extension system.

Prospective Memory Development Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Zuber ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Integrative Framework

Abstract. Prospective Memory (PM; i.e., the ability to remember to perform planned tasks) represents a key proxy of healthy aging, as it relates to older adults’ everyday functioning, autonomy, and personal well-being. The current review illustrates how PM performance develops across the lifespan and how multiple cognitive and non-cognitive factors influence this trajectory. Further, a new, integrative framework is presented, detailing how those processes interplay in retrieving and executing delayed intentions. Specifically, while most previous models have focused on memory processes, the present model focuses on the role of executive functioning in PM and its development across the lifespan. Finally, a practical outlook is presented, suggesting how the current knowledge can be applied in geriatrics and geropsychology to promote healthy aging by maintaining prospective abilities in the elderly.

HUBUNGAN PERAN FAMILY CAREGIVER TERHADAP QUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
RIANI PRADARA JATI ◽  
Sekar Farah Nabila
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Caregiver ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family

  Penempatan peran yang baik bagi Family Caregiver sangatlah membantu lansia dalam meningkatkah qualitas hidupnya, meningkatkan motivasi dalam menjalankan hidup Penelitian ini bertujuan Mengetahui hubungan peran Family Caregiver dalam pemenuhan qualitas hidup bagi lansia di Kelurahan Langenharjo Kabupaten Kendal. DesainPenelitianDeskriptifKorelasional menggunakan pendekatan Krosectional,tehnikSamplingStratified Simple Random Sampling dengan karakteristik heterogen, dari populasi mempunyai hak yang sama untuk diseleksi sebagai sampel teknik undianPengambilan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Uji statistik Chi-square, dengan taraf signifikasi 5%jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini 70 sampel pada Family Caregiver dari 213 populasi yang ada. Hasil penelitian dari 70 responden didapatkan Peran Family Caregiver tidak baik dengan qualitas hidup tidak baik 33 (47,1%), sedangkan Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik 3 (4,3%). Untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik sebanyak 6 responden (8,6%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik sebanyak 23 responden (32,9%). Terakhir, untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik didapatkan hasil 2 responden (2, 9%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik didapatkan hasil 3 responden (4,3%)Menunjukkan nilai ρ value 0,001 (ρ < 0,05) berarti ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan lansia dalam keikutsertaan posyandu lansia. Disarankan kepada semua Family Cregiver lansia untuk mampu memahami pentingnya perhatian, dukungan bagi lansia dalammeningkatkan qualitas hidup yang lebih baik bagi lansia.   Kata kunci : Peran family caregiver, qualitas hidup, lansia.   ABSTRACT Placement of a good role for Family Caregiver is very helpful for the elderly to improve their quality of life, increase motivation in living life Research Objective: To know the relationship between the role of Family Caregiver in fulfilling quality of life for the elderly in Langenharjo Village, Kendal Regency. Descriptive Correlational Research Design uses a cross sectional approach, Sampling Stratified Simple Random Sampling technique with heterogeneous characteristics, from the population has the same right to be selected as a sample lottery technique Retrieving data using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Test Chi-square statistics, with a significance level of 5% the number of samples in this study 70 samples on the Family Caregiver from 213 populations. Results of the Study Of 70 respondents found the role of Family Caregiver was not good with poor quality of life 33 (47.1%) , while the role of the Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of a good elderly 3 (4.3%). For the distribution of the role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of the poor family as many as 6 respondents (8.6%) while for the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of good elderly as many as 23 respondents (32.9%). Finally, the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the poor is obtained by 2 respondents (2, 9%), while the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the elderly is obtained by 3 respondents (4.3%). 0.001 (ρ <0.05) means that there is a relationship between family support and the compliance of the elderly in the participation of the elderly posyandu. It is recommended to all elderly Cregiver families to be able to understand the importance of attention, support for the elderly in improving the quality of life better for the elderly   Keywords: Role of Family Caregiver, Quality of Life, Elderly

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