scholarly journals An Analysis of the Impact of a Ban of Methyl Bromide on the U.S. Winter Fresh Vegetable Market

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Deepak ◽  
Thomas H. Spreen ◽  
John J. VanSickle
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis study evaluates the economic impact of a ban on methyl bromide on the U.S. winter fresh vegetable market for six major crops: tomatoes, green peppers, cucumbers, squash, eggplant, and watermelons. Florida is the primary domestic supplier of these products. Mexico and Texas are the competing suppliers of the five vegetable crops and peppers, respectively. Leontief technologies represent both monocrop and double-crop production systems; linear inverse demand functions represent four demand regions in the U.S. and Canada. By increasing production costs and reducing yields, a ban on methyl bromide decreases Florida's FOB revenues by 54% and increases those of Mexico by 65%. Price increases to U.S. fresh vegetable consumers range from near zero to over 10%, depending upon the commodity and location.

scholarly journals Nonchemical Management of Soilborne Pests in Fresh Market Vegetable Production Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Chellemi
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Production System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
The Impact

Nonchemical methods including host resistance, organic amendments, crop rotation, soil solarization, and cultural practices have been used to control soilborne pests in fresh market vegetable production systems. Their suitability as alternatives to methyl bromide will depend on the approach to pest management used by the grower. Traditionally, methyl bromide is used in production systems that rely on the single application of a broad-spectrum biocide to disinfest soils prior to planting. Non-chemical methods are not suitable for a single tactic approach to pest management because they do not provide the same broad spectrum of activity or consistency as fumigation with methyl bromide. Nonchemical methods are compatible with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, where multiple tactics are used to maintain damage from pests below an economic threshold while minimizing the impact to beneficial organisms. However, adoption of IPM is hindered by the paucity of economically feasible sampling programs and thresholds for soilborne pests and by a reluctance of growers to commit additional resources to the collection and management of biological information. A novel approach to the management of soilborne pests is to design the crop production system to avoid pest outbreaks. Using this “proactive” approach, a tomato production system was developed using strip-tillage into existing bahia-grass pasture. By minimizing inputs and disruption to the pasture, growers were able to reap the rotational benefits of bahiagrass without cultivating the rotational crop. While minimizing the need for interventive procedures, a proactive approach is difficult to integrate into existing crop production systems and will require several years of testing and validation.

Precision Agriculture for Grain Production Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Whelan ◽  
James Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Precision Agriculture (PA) is an approach to managing the variability in production agriculture in a more economic and environmentally efficient manner. It has been pioneered as a management tool in the grains industry, and while its development and uptake continues to grow amongst grain farmers worldwide, a broad range of other cropping industries have embraced the concept. This book explains general PA theory, identifies and describes essential tools and techniques, and includes practical examples from the grains industry. Readers will gain an understanding of the magnitude, spatial scale and seasonality of measurable variability in soil attributes, plant growth and environmental conditions. They will be introduced to the role of sensing systems in measuring crop, soil and environment variability, and discover how this variability may have a significant impact on crop production systems. Precision Agriculture for Grain Production Systems will empower crop and soil science students, agronomy and agricultural engineering students, as well as agronomic advisors and farmers to critically analyse the impact of observed variation in resources on crop production and management decisions.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Economics of Sustainable and Conventional Horticulture

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Robin G. Brumfield
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Price Premiums ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The Cost

Since World War II, U.S. agriculture has reduced production costs by substituting petrochemicals for labor. Adverse impacts from chemical intensive agriculture include increased pest levels, groundwater and surface water contamination, soil erosion, and concerns about harmful levels of pesticide residues. Sustainable farming programs such as integrated crop management (ICM) and organic farming encourage farmers to use systems that reduce the adverse impacts of chemical agriculture. However, before farmers adopt an alternative system, they must determine that economic benefits from the alternative farming activities exceed the costs incurred. Unfortunately, relatively few studies have compared the cost of organic crop production with conventional production systems. Results of these studies are mixed. In some studies, organic systems are more profitable than conventional systems with organic price premiums, but are not economically viable without price premiums. In one long-term study, the organic system was more profitable than a conventional one if the cost of family labor was ignored, but less profitable if it was included. In some studies, net returns were higher for ICM than for conventional or organic systems, but in others, they were higher. Results also vary on a crop by crop basis.

scholarly journals Incorporating Water Harvesting into Plasticulture Production of Muskmelon

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Dainello ◽  
Larry Stein ◽  
Guy Fipps ◽  
Kenneth White
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Competition for limited water supplies is increasing world wide. Especially hard hit are the irrigated crop production regions, such as the Lower Rio Grande Valley and the Winter Garden areas of south Texas. To develop production techniques for reducing supplemental water needs of vegetable crops, an ancient water harvesting technique called rainfall capture was adapted to contemporary, large scale irrigated muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus L.) production systems. The rainfall capture system developed consisted of plastic mulched miniature water catchments located on raised seed beds. This system was compared with conventional dry land and irrigated melon production. Rainfall capture resulted in 108% average yield increase over the conventional dry land technique. When compared with conventional furrow irrigation, rainfall capture increased marketable muskmelon yield as much as 5355 lb/acre (6000 kg·ha-1). As anticipated,the drip irrigation/plastic mulch system exceeded rainfall capture in total and marketable fruit yield. The results of this study suggest that rainfall capture can reduce total supplemental water use in muskmelon production. The major benefit of the rainfall capture system is believed to be in its ability to eliminate or decrease irrigation water needed to fill the soil profile before planting.

SPECIALIZED VEGETABLE GROWING IN KOREA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 699d-699
Author(s):  
Jung-Myung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Specialized Production ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
Vegetable Seed ◽  
Per Capita

Similar to many Asian countries, the production and utilization of vegetables in Korea are quite different as compared to western countries. Koreans were used to favor easy-to-grow leafy and root vegetables, but this preference is gradually shifting to other vegetables, due partially to the recent surge in per capita income and westernization of cultures. In Korea, most vegetables are being utilized in fresh state with only a few exceptions, such as Kimchi, spicy vegetables, etc. Growing technics as well as the specialized production systems of several selected vegetable crops will be introduced. These include commercial production of vegetable seed and seedlings of special kinds (grafted or plug-grown), use of virus-free garlic cloves and potato mini-tubers, hydroponic culture of lettuce and other vegetables, automation of greenhouse crop production, off-season growing, and specific growing systems for minor vegetables.

The potential role of annual forage legumes in Canada: A review

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. McCartney ◽  
J. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
High Production ◽  
Agricultural Input ◽  
Control Erosion

The need to reduce agricultural input costs while increasing soil fertility has prompted researchers to look for alternative crop production systems that include N fixing crops. Annual legumes can be used in rotations as forages and green manure crops to increase the organic matter and N content of soils and provide soil cover to control erosion and weeds. Despite the benefits of annual legumes, high production costs and scarcity of seed has hindered their use.Key words: Medic, clover, vetch, pea, bean, lentil, forage yield, forage quality

scholarly journals Spatial Characterization of Microbial Communities on Multi-Species Leafy Greens Grown Simultaneously in the Vegetable Production Systems on the International Space Station

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1060
Author(s):  
Mary E. Hummerick ◽  
Christina L. M. Khodadad ◽  
Anirudha R. Dixit ◽  
Lashelle E. Spencer ◽  
Gretchen J. Maldonado-Vasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
International Space ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
The Impact

The establishment of steady-state continuous crop production during long-term deep space missions is critical for providing consistent nutritional and psychological benefits for the crew, potentially improving their health and performance. Three technology demonstrations were completed achieving simultaneous multi-species plant growth and the concurrent use of two Veggie units on the International Space Station (ISS). Microbiological characterization using molecular and culture-based methods was performed on leaves and roots from two harvests of three leafy greens, red romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. ‘Outredgeous’); mizuna mustard, (Brassica rapa var japonica); and green leaf lettuce, (Lactuca sativa cv. Waldmann’s) and associated rooting pillow components and Veggie chamber surfaces. Culture based enumeration and pathogen screening indicated the leafy greens were safe for consumption. Surface samples of the Veggie facility and plant pillows revealed low counts of bacteria and fungi and are commonly isolated on ISS. Community analysis was completed with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Comparisons between pillow components, and plant tissue types from VEG-03D, E, and F revealed higher diversity in roots and rooting substrate than the leaves and wick. This work provides valuable information for food production-related research on the ISS and the impact of the plant microbiome on this unique closed environment.

scholarly journals Effect of Colored Shading Nets on the Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Sweet Pepper Grown under Semi-arid Conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Osama Mohawesh ◽  
Ammar Albalasmeh ◽  
Sanjit Deb ◽  
Sukhbir Singh ◽  
Catherine Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Colored shading nets have been increasingly studied in semi-arid crop production systems, primarily because of their ability to reduce solar radiation with the attendant reductions in air, plant, and soil temperatures. However, there is a paucity of research concerning the impact of colored shading nets on various crops grown under semi-arid environments, particularly the sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) production system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of three colored shading net treatments (i.e., white, green, and black shading nets with 50% shading intensity and control with unshaded conditions) on the growth and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) of sweet pepper. The results showed that all colored shading nets exhibited significantly lower daytime air temperatures and light intensity (22 to 28 °C and 9992 lx, respectively) compared with the control (32 to 37 °C and 24,973 lx, respectively). There were significant differences in sweet pepper growth performance among treatments, including plant height, shoot dry weight, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, and vitamin C in ripened fruit. The enhanced photosynthetic rates were observed in sweet pepper plants under the colored shading nets compared with control plants. WUE increased among the colored shading net treatments in the following order: control ≤ white < black < green. Overall, the application of green and black shading nets to sweet pepper production systems under semi-arid environments significantly enhanced plant growth responses and WUE.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the influence of expenses on the results of agricultural enterprises functioning

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Maryna POLENKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Impact

The paper defines the dynamics of agricultural production. The importance of rational distribution of production costs and capital investments of agricultural enterprises is substantiated. The sequence of application of the method of multifactor dynamic regression modeling is outlined. The influence of the main groups of production costs and capital investments on the results of enterprises specializing in crop production and animal husbandry is calculated. Control over production costs is a necessary condition for the functioning of every agricultural enterprise, farm or household. Thus development of investment potential for effective activity demands optimization of use of resources, in particular rational distribution of production expenses and capital investments. The study identified the impact of the main groups of production costs and capital investment on the results of enterprises specializing in crop production and separately for livestock products. The method of multifactor dynamic regression modeling, in particular dynamic balance cross-sectional regression, was used. In the process of applying this method, large-scale general samples were formed from 832 observations in crop production and from 576 observations in animal husbandry. All calculations were performed in the software environment Statistica 10.0. To increase the objectivity of the results of the study, all cost indicators are translated into US dollars and logarithmized. The results for the three dependent variables show the statistical significance of the calculations. Above average, the impact on the volume of output, value added and sales of enterprises specializing in crop production during 2012–2019 are characterized by the volume of material costs and costs of services used in production. Below the average level of impact on the value added of enterprises is the average number of employees in full-time equivalent. Statistical significance is also observed for the three dependent variables. The high level of impact on the volume of output and the volume of sales of enterprises specializing in animal husbandry during 2012–2019 is marked by the volume of labor costs. This, in turn, is due to the large amount of manual labor in animal husbandry. The average level of impact is characterized by the amount of material costs and costs of services used in production. The reverse effect (below average) is made by contributions to social activities.

An Impact of Innovations on Agricultural Production and Malong the Koshi-Highway of Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
Shyam Prasad Wagle
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

 The study assesses the impact of using new technologies on crop production and marketing of selected crops particularly in the case of the Eastern hills. It also evaluates the role of governmental and non-govrnmental organizations to improve agricultural production systems too. Relevant data have been collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data draws from the interview, key informant survey and field observation. For this, 30 percent sample households were selected from three altitude belts (upper, middle and lower belts) ranging from 300 to 2,250 masl along the Koshi-highway. It has a wide range of climates, ranging from sub-tropical to alpine with monsoon precipitation in the summer for three and half months and therefore it has diversity in flora and fauna, and people. Similarly, secondary data havebeen gathered from various books, journals and official records. This paper presented that the crucial impact of acceptance of innovative methods in agriculture in the study area is a combined effort of both local people and government. The government together with the development agencies and non-government organizations has contributed to impart knowledge of the agriculture innovative methods in the local farmers and at the same time, the farmers were enthusiastic to learn and adopt those methods. As a result, one can easily see the remarkable changes in crop production due to the impact of new technologies.

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