Dementia, asymmetry of temporal lobe structures, and Apolipoprotein E genotype: Relationships to cerebral atrophy and neuropsychological impairment

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 925-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIN D. BIGLER ◽  
DAVID F. TATE ◽  
MICHAEL J. MILLER ◽  
SARA A. RICE ◽  
CORY D. HESSEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Risk Effect ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
The Right ◽  
Apoe Genotypes

We examined asymmetry of hippocampal volume as well as other temporal lobe structures (temporal lobe, temporal horn of the lateral ventricular system, parahippocampal and fusiform gyri) in 194 subjects from the Cache County, Utah study, with varying disorders [85 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 59 with some cognitive or neuropsychiatric disorder—referenced as a Mixed Neuropsychiatric group, 30 with mild ambiguous/mild cognitive impairment (MA/MCI) and 20 controls] and APOE genotypes. Asymmetry was determined by subtracting left-side volume from the right corrected by total intracranial volume. No significant asymmetry was observed to be associated with presence of the ε4 allele. Since the AD-ε4 allele risk effect may be expressed early in the course of the disorder, we also examined asymmetry indices in AD, MA/MCI and Mixed Neuropsychiatric subjects early in the course of their disorder (2 years or less) to those with longer duration illness (greater than 2 years). We observed a leftward asymmetry (i.e., left side larger) regardless of APOE genotype in hippocampal volume where both AD and MCI subjects demonstrated a leftward shift in hippocampal size when length of disease (LOD) was less but not more than 2 years. Leftward asymmetry was not associated with LOD in the Mixed Neuropsychiatric group. These findings do not support an association between ε4 and hippocampal asymmetry in dementia. We also examined whether asymmetry influenced neuropsychological performance, but minimal effects were observed. Where significance or strong trends were observed, better neuropsychological performance was associated with larger parenchymal volume of temporal lobe structures. These findings were interpreted as representing cognitive reserve effects where larger volume was protective against impairment. The role of asymmetry research in understanding neuropsychological performance in dementia is discussed. (JINS, 2002, 8, 925–933.)

006 Effect of apolipoprotein e ε4 allele on medial temporal lobe atrophy in ischaemic stroke patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. A4.1-A4
Author(s):  
Mohamed Salah Khlif ◽  
Emilio Werden ◽  
Natalia Egorova ◽  
Wasim Khan ◽  
Amy Brodtmann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Point

IntroductionApolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a known risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. APOE ε4 carriers have been reported as having lower hippocampal volume in Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, and in healthy cohorts,1 but this is not well investigated in stroke. Here, we compared the regional volume in the medial temporal lobe in ischaemic stroke survivors, with and without the ε4 allele, three (time point 1, t1) and twelve (t2) months after stroke.Methods21 APOE ε4 carriers and 21 non-carriers, matched for lesion size and location and for neurological impairment as measured by NIHSS, were sampled from the CANVAS study, a longitudinal imaging study in stroke survivors.2 A mixed-effect linear model was used to analyse the effect of the ε4 allele on hippocampal, entorhinal, and para-hippocampal volumes, adjusting for age, sex, years of education, and total intracranial volume. Volumes were estimated using the longitudinal stream in FreeSurfer 5.3.ResultsThe left hippocampal (pt1=0.038, pt2=0.040) and entorhinal (pt1=0.044, pt2=0.038) volumes were significantly lower in the ε4-carrier group at each time point. The right entorhinal (pt1=pt2=0.002) and para-hippocampal (pt1=0.018, pt2=0.020) volumes were also significantly lower in the ε4-carrier group, but there was no difference in the right hippocampal volume (pt1=pt2=0.055) between the two groups. The group-time interaction was significant for the left para-hippocampal cortex (p=0.019): ε4 non-carriers showed a significant volume increase (p=0.018) between t1 and t2.ConclusionThese findings suggest that stroke survivors who carry the APOE-ε4 allele will experience greater atrophy in the medial temporal lobe in the twelve months following their stroke.References1. Manning EN, et al. e4 Is Associated with Disproportionate Progressive Hippocampal Atrophy in AD. PLoS ONE2014;9(5):e97608.2. Brodtmann A, et al. Charting cognitive and volumetric trajectories after stroke: Protocol for the Cognition And Neocortical Volume After Stroke (CANVAS) study. Int J Stroke2014;9(6):824–828.

scholarly journals RIGHT VS. LEFT TEMPORAL LOBE SEMIOLOGY IN DEMENTIA: LESSONS FROM TWO CASES WITH FOCAL FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA SYNDROMES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Arca ◽  
Pedro Albuquerque ◽  
Victor Correia ◽  
Amanda Pires ◽  
Hugo Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination ◽  
The Right

Background: Case 1: a 59-year old man presented to our service with 4 years of progressive cognitive and behavioral symptoms. He became forgetful and experienced difficulties managing his payments. After 4 years he could no longer recognise his relatives. Cognitive assessment showed a mini-mental status examination of 17/30. MRI and SPECT revealed respectively focal atrophy and hipoperfusion of the frontal regions and anterior right temporal lobe. Case 2: a 72-year-old woman was brought to evaluation with a 5-years history of progressive language and behavioral deterioration. Her family reported early speech errors and behavioral changes, with a marked aggressiveness, ritualistic behaviors and hyperorality. Cognitive evaluation revealed a MMSE of 6/30 mainly due to a relatively fluent afasia. Brain MRI showed asymmetric cerebral atrophy, more prominent in the anterior left temporal lobe. Objective: N/H Methods: N/H Results: N/H Conclusion: We describe two cases of suspected frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndromes. The left ATL may receive proportionately more input from the lexical and phonological centers subserving word processing. The right ATL may receive more input from right-lateralized emotion processing hubs. Focal atrophy of the left anterior temporal lobe has been associated with the semantic type of primary progressive aphasia evolving to semantic dementia. In contrast, focal atrophy of the right temporal lobe has recently been described as a controversial entity reported as the right temporal variant of FTD.

Cerebral Volume Loss, Cognitive Deficit, and Neuropsychological Performance: Comparative Measures of Brain Atrophy: II. Traumatic Brain Injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Tate ◽  
Rola Khedraki ◽  
E. Shannon Neeley ◽  
David K. Ryser ◽  
Erin D. Bigler
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Volume Loss

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a variable degree of cerebral atrophy that is not always related to cognitive measures across studies. However, the use of different methods for examining atrophy may be a reason why differences exist. The purpose of this manuscript was to examine the predictive utility of seven magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -derived brain volume or indices of atrophy for a large cohort of TBI patients (n = 65). The seven quantitative MRI (qMRI) measures included uncorrected whole brain volume, brain volume corrected by total intracranial volume, brain volume corrected by the ratio of the individual TICV by group TICV, a ventricle to brain ratio, total ventricular volume, ventricular volume corrected by TICV, and a direct measure of parenchymal volume loss. Results demonstrated that the various qMRI measures were highly interrelated and that corrected measures proved to be the most robust measures related to neuropsychological performance. Similar to an earlier study that examined cerebral atrophy in aging and dementia, these results suggest that a single corrected brain volume measure is all that is necessary in studies examining global MRI indicators of cerebral atrophy in relationship to cognitive function making additional measures of global atrophy redundant and unnecessary. (JINS, 2011, 17, 308–316)

scholarly journals Effect of BDNF Val66Met on hippocampal subfields volumes and compensatory interaction with APOE-ε4 in middle-age cognitively unimpaired individuals from the ALFA study

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 (8) ◽  
pp. 2331-2345
Author(s):  
Natalia Vilor-Tejedor ◽  
◽  
Grégory Operto ◽  
Tavia E. Evans ◽  
Carles Falcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Ε4 Allele

Abstract Background Current evidence supports the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism, and the ε4 allele of APOE gene in hippocampal-dependent functions. Previous studies on the association of Val66Met with whole hippocampal volume included patients of a variety of disorders. However, it remains to be elucidated whether there is an impact of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on the volumes of the hippocampal subfield volumes (HSv) in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, and the interactive effect with the APOE-ε4 status. Methods BDNF Val66Met and APOE genotypes were determined in a sample of 430 CU late/middle-aged participants from the ALFA study (ALzheimer and FAmilies). Participants underwent a brain 3D-T1-weighted MRI scan, and volumes of the HSv were determined using Freesurfer (v6.0). The effects of the BDNF Val66Met genotype on the HSv were assessed using general linear models corrected by age, gender, education, number of APOE-ε4 alleles and total intracranial volume. We also investigated whether the association between APOE-ε4 allele and HSv were modified by BDNF Val66Met genotypes. Results BDNF Val66Met carriers showed larger bilateral volumes of the subiculum subfield. In addition, HSv reductions associated with APOE-ε4 allele were significantly moderated by BDNF Val66Met status. BDNF Met carriers who were also APOE-ε4 homozygous showed patterns of higher HSv than BDNF Val carriers. Conclusion To our knowledge, the present study is the first to show that carrying the BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms partially compensates the decreased on HSv associated with APOE-ε4 in middle-age cognitively unimpaired individuals.

scholarly journals Association of ApoE Gene Polymorphisms With Cardio-cerebrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Kong ◽  
Yinting Gao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Bimin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Apoe Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Cerebrovascular Complications ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
Apoe Genotypes

Abstract Objective To analyze and study the relationship between ApoE gene polymorphism and cardio-cerebrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in the Chinese Population.Methods From January 2018 to January 2019, 1140 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were selected as the case group, including 590 patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) and 550 patients with cerebral infarction(CI), and 1198 patients with type 2 diabetes without complications during the same period were selected as the control group. General baseline data of the two groups were collected, such as gender, age, course of disease, lipid profile, HbA1C, BMI, blood pressure, carotid plaque and complications. ApoE genotypes were identified in all participants who participated in the study.Results This study showed that the ApoE genotypes in both the case group and the control group had the highest frequency of E3/E3. The E3/E4 genotype frequency and ε4 allele frequency in the case group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the case group, the frequency of E2/E3 and E3/E4 genotypes of CI group was lower than that of CHD group, while the frequency of E3/E3 genotype was higher than that of CHD group. TC and LDL-c levels were significantly increased in patients with ApoE E3/E4 genotype(P<0.05). ApoE genotype E3/E4 was more associated with carotid plaque than E2/E3. ApoE genotype and ApoE allele were positively correlated with TC and LDL-c levels (P<0.05).Logistic regression results show that carotid plaque, diabetes duration and ApoE E3/E4 genotype are independent risk factors of cardio-cerebrovascular complications of T2DM(P< 0.05). ApoE E3/E4 genotype and allele ε4 may be risk factors for T2DM patients with cardio-cerebrovascular complications.Conclusion ApoE E3/E4 genotypes and T2DM patients carrying ε4 allele have a higher risk of cardio-cerebrovascular complications than other genotypes. ApoE ε2 allele has a certain protective effect , however ε4 allele may be a risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular complications in T2DM patients, and its mechanism may be related to the effect of ApoE gene on lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals APOE ε4 allele modified the correlation between deep grey matter volume and cognitive performance in non-demented elders

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
Weiping Li ◽  
Yu Xie ◽  
Tingting Yu ◽  
Wenbo Wu ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Deep Grey Matter ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
The Right

Abstract APOE ε4 allele is the strongest predictor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, but its role in the association between the deep grey matter volume and cognitive impairment is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of APOE ε4 allele on this association in non-demented elders. We enrolled 24 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 28 normal controls (NC), who underwent the whole brain 3DTIW MRI scanning, an APOE genotype test, and neuropsychological tests. The right thalamus (p = 0.026), the left pallidum (p = 0.026), and the bilateral amygdala (left p = 0.042, right p = 0.048) atrophied in MCI, and their volume were positively correlated with the cognitive scores (MoCA) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the general liner regression model suggested that the correlation between the right thalamus and the putamen volume with MoCA scores was different in the APOE ε4 carriers and non- carriers. Compared with the non APOEε4 carriers, the right thalamus atrophied more rapidly when the cognition decline in APOE ε4 carriers, while the right putamen compensatory expansion to slow the rate of cognitive decline although failed. This suggested that the right putamen showed stronger compensation by increasing the volume at the early stage of cognitive impairments in the APOE ε4 carriers, while this compensatory change had been disappeared in the right thalamus. In conclusion, APOE ε4 allele modifies the correlation between the right thalamus, the right putamen, and MoCA scores, and it has a potential selective effect on the relationship between cognition and brain structures to some extent in non-demented elders.

Hippocampal Volume Loss, Brain Amyloid Accumulation, and APOE Status in Cognitively Intact Elderly Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Haller ◽  
Marie-Louise Montandon ◽  
Cristelle Rodriguez ◽  
Valentina Garibotto ◽  
François R. Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Amyloid Accumulation ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
The Impact

Background: Hippocampal volume loss (HVL), PET-documented brain amyloid accumulation, and APOE-ε4 status are predictive biomarkers of the transition from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease (AD). In asymptomatic cases, the role of these biomarkers remains ambiguous. In contrast to the idea that HVL occurs in late phases of neurodegeneration, recent contributions indicate that it might occur before abnormal amyloid PET occurrence in elderly subjects and that its severity could be only marginally related to APOE variants. Using a longitudinal design, we examined the determinants of HVL in our sample, i.e., brain amyloid burden and the presence of APOE-ε4, and made a longitudinal assessment of cognitive functions. Methods: We performed a 4.5-year longitudinal study on 81 elderly community dwellers (all right-handed;, 48 (59.3%) women; mean age 73.7 ± 3.7 years) including MRI at baseline and follow-up, PET amyloid during follow-up, neuropsychological assessment at 18 and 54 months, and APOE genotyping. All cases were assessed using a continuous cognitive score (CCS) that took into account the global evolution of neuropsychological performance. Linear regression models were used to identify predictors of HVL. Results: There was a negative association between the CCS and HVL bilaterally. In multivariate models adjusting for demographic variables, the presence of APOE-ε4 was related to increased HVL bilaterally. A trend of significance was observed with respect to the impact of amyloid positivity on HVL in the left hemisphere. No significant interaction was found between amyloid positivity and the APOE-ε4 allele. Conclusion: The progressive decrement of neuropsychological performance is associated with HVL long before the emergence of clinically overt symptoms. In this cohort of healthy individuals, the presence of the APOE-ε4 allele was shown to be an independent predictor of worst hippocampal integrity in asymptomatic cases independently of amyloid positivity.

scholarly journals Relationship between Urinary AD7c-NTP with Cerebral Microbleeds Based on APOE Genotype

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yong-peng Yu ◽  
Ya-li Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Human Enzyme ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
Apoe Genotypes

Objective. This study was performed to investigate the association between urinary Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) based on the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes. Methods. A total of 471 patients with acute cerebral infarction screened by magnetic sensitive imaging were enrolled in this study. Among them, twenty-seven cases of mixed CMBs were excluded. A total of 444 patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of CMBs: CMBs group ( n = 92 ) and noncerebral microbleeds group (nCMBs) ( n = 352 ). Urine AD7c-NTP levels were measured using a human enzyme immunoassay kit. Results. In patients with lobar CMBs, there was an interaction between urine AD7c-NTP levels and APOE genotypes ( p = 0.01 ). In patients with APOE ε3/ε3 allele, the odds ratio of lobar CMBs per standard deviation of urinary AD7c-NTP levels was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.70-1.19). In patients with APOE ε2+ or ε4+ allele, the multivariate-corrected odds ratio of lobar CMBs per standard deviation of urinary AD7c-NTP levels was 2.95 (95% CI: 1.38-6.27). Conclusion. A higher level of urinary AD7c-NTP is involved in lobar CMBs, not deep CMBs.

scholarly journals Low Plasma ApoE Levels Are Associated with Smaller Hippocampal Size in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Cohort

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 154-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond Teng ◽  
Nicole Chow ◽  
Kristy S. Hwang ◽  
Paul M. Thompson ◽  
Karen H. Gylys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pittsburgh Compound B ◽  
Ε4 Allele

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is the strongest known genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the utility of plasma ApoE levels for assessing the severity of underlying neurodegenerative changes remains uncertain. Here, we examined cross-sectional associations between plasma ApoE levels and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging indices of the hippocampus from 541 participants [57 with normal cognition (NC), 375 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 109 with mild AD] who were enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Across the NC and MCI groups, lower plasma ApoE levels were significantly correlated with smaller hippocampal size, as measured by either hippocampal volume or hippocampal radial distance. These associations were driven primarily by findings from carriers of an APOE ε4 allele and are consistent with prior reports that lower plasma ApoE levels correlate with greater global cortical Pittsburgh Compound B retention. In this high-risk group, plasma ApoE levels may represent a peripheral marker of underlying AD neuropathology in nondemented elderly individuals.

scholarly journals Slowing gait and risk for cognitive impairment

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Rosso ◽  
Joe Verghese ◽  
Andrea L. Metti ◽  
Robert M. Boudreau ◽  
Howard J. Aizenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Right ◽  
Posterior Parietal Lobe

Objective:To identify the shared neuroimaging signature of gait slowing and cognitive impairment.Methods:We assessed a cohort of older adults (n = 175, mean age 73 years, 57% female, 65% white) with repeated measures of gait speed over 14 years, MRI for gray matter volume (GMV) at year 10 or 11, and adjudicated cognitive status at year 14. Gait slowing was calculated by bayesian slopes corrected for intercepts, with higher values indicating faster decline. GMV was normalized to intracranial volume, with lower values indicating greater atrophy for 10 regions of interest (hippocampus, anterior and posterior cingulate, primary and supplementary motor cortices, posterior parietal lobe, middle frontal lobe, caudate, putamen, pallidum). Nonparametric correlations adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, muscle strength, and knee pain assessed associations of time to walk with GMV. Logistic regression models calculated odds ratios (ORs) of gait slowing with dementia or mild cognitive impairment with and without adjustment for GMV.Results:Gait slowing was associated with cognitive impairment at year 14 (OR per 0.1 s/y slowing 1.47; 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.07). The right hippocampus was the only region that was related to both gait slowing (ρ = −0.16, p = 0.03) and cognitive impairment (OR 0.17, p = 0.009). Adjustment for right hippocampal volume attenuated the association of gait slowing with cognitive impairment by 23%.Conclusions:The association between gait slowing and cognitive impairment is supported by a shared neural substrate that includes a smaller right hippocampus. This finding underscores the value of long-term gait slowing as an early indicator of dementia risk.

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