Implications of agricultural policy for species invasion in shifting cultivation systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEIDI J. ALBERS ◽  
MICHAEL J. GOLDBACH ◽  
DANIEL T. KAFFINE
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Invasive Grasses ◽  
Land Use Decisions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Policies to influence land use decisions in agriculture or grazing can increase the ability of invasive species to out-compete native species and thereby disrupt seemingly stable ecological-economic systems. Building off of models of interdependent resources, invasive species and soil fertility, this paper develops a model of shifting cultivation decisions for two types of farmers, one who sees the threat of invasive grasses and one who does not. The paper uses numerical solutions to this dynamic decision problem to examine the impact of various policies on farmer welfare and on the stability of the economic-ecological system. Some policies undermine the resilience of the system, while other policies augment the system's ability to withstand species invasions.

scholarly journals Rainbow smelt population responses to species invasions and change in environmental condition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalie Bruel ◽  
J. Ellen Marsden ◽  
Bernie Pientka ◽  
Nick Staats ◽  
Timothy Mihuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Forage Fish ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Lake Champlain ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractInvasive species can have major disruptions on native food webs, yet the impact of species introductions and whether they will become invasive appears to be context-dependent. Rainbow smelt and alewife co-exist as invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and as native species on the Atlantic coast of North America, but in Lake Champlain rainbow smelt is the dominant native forage fish and alewife are invasive. Alewife became abundant by 2007, providing an opportunity to explore the dynamics of these two species in a system where only one is invasive. We used data from a 31-year forage fish survey to compare demographics of rainbow smelt populations in three basins of Lake Champlain with different pelagic volumes, nutrient levels, and predator abundances. Rainbow smelt catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) remained constant in the large, deep Main Lake before and after alewife invaded, but decreased in the two smaller basins. Declines were primarily a result of increased age-0 and age-1 mortality. Predation by top piscivores, system productivity, and resource competition alone could not explain the patterns in CPUE across the basins. The mechanisms that allow alewife and rainbow smelt to co-exist could be related to system volume and oxythermal habitat availability, and may explain why the two species do not negatively affect each other in other systems. Summer hypoxia in the smaller basins could force individuals into smaller habitat volumes with higher densities of competitors and cannibalistic adult smelt. Our findings suggest that habitat size mediates the impact of invasive alewife on native rainbow smelt.

scholarly journals Diet composition of the invasive red-whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus in Mauritius

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannie Fries Linnebjerg ◽  
Dennis M. Hansen ◽  
Nancy Bunbury ◽  
Jens M. Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Invasional Meltdown ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
The Impact

Disruption of ecosystems is one of the biggest threats posed by invasive species (Mack et al. 2000). Thus, one of the most important challenges is to understand the impact of exotic species on native species and habitats (e.g. Jones 2008). The probability that entire ‘invasive communities’ will develop increases as more species establish in new areas (Bourgeois et al. 2005). For example, introduced species may act in concert, facilitating one another's invasion, and increasing the likelihood of successful establishment, spread and impact. Simberloff & Von Holle (1999) introduced the term ‘invasional meltdown’ for this process, which has received widespread attention since (e.g. O'Dowd 2003, Richardson et al. 2000, Simberloff 2006). Positive interactions among introduced species are relatively common, but few have been studied in detail (Traveset & Richardson 2006). Examples include introduced insects and birds that pollinate and disperse exotic plants, thereby facilitating the spread of these species into non-invaded habitats (Goulson 2003, Mandon-Dalger et al. 2004, Simberloff & Von Holle 1999). From a more general ecological perspective, the study of interactions involving introduced and invasive species can contribute to our knowledge of ecological processes – for example, community assembly and indirect interactions.

scholarly journals Native turncoats and indirect facilitation of species invasions

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1871) ◽  
pp. 20171936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobin D. Northfield ◽  
Susan G. W. Laurance ◽  
Margaret M. Mayfield ◽  
Dean R. Paini ◽  
William E. Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Indirect Interactions ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Species Invasion ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Indirect Facilitation

At local scales, native species can resist invasion by feeding on and competing with would-be invasive species. However, this relationship tends to break down or reverse at larger scales. Here, we consider the role of native species as indirect facilitators of invasion and their potential role in this diversity-driven ‘invasion paradox’. We coin the term ‘native turncoats’ to describe native facilitators of non-native species and identify eight ways they may indirectly facilitate species invasion. Some are commonly documented, while others, such as indirect interactions within competitive communities, are largely undocumented in an invasion context. Therefore, we use models to evaluate the likelihood that these competitive interactions influence invasions. We find that native turncoat effects increase with the number of resources and native species. Furthermore, our findings suggest the existence, abundance and effectiveness of native turncoats in a community could greatly influence invasion success at large scales.

Prevention of invasive species in the context of lower secondary education

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Maria Balazova ◽  
Dana Blahutova ◽  
Terezia Valaskova
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Species Management ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Invasive Organisms ◽  
Species Management ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Biological invasions are recognised as a potentially major threat to biodiversity and may have considerable economic and social effects. Public, including pupils, attitudes may have large implications for invasive species management in terms of prevention, early warning and eradication success, but significant is the relations between the lay public’s visions of nature, their knowledge about non-native species and their perceptions of invasive species management. The more direct experience people have with the impact of invasive species, the more likely they will be able to understand the potential benefits of management programmes. The aim of our work was to prepare educational materials about invasive organisms for elementary schools. Some of them were subsequently applied directly in practice as part of an excursion in a schoolyard in west Slovakia, where up to six species of invasive plants were identified in the close proximity to the school. Keywords: Biological invasions, prevention, education, excursion.

scholarly journals The Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail, Potamopyrgus Antipodarum, Reduces Growth of the Native Snail, Fossaria SP.

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Amy Krist ◽  
Mark Dybdahl
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Potamopyrgus Antipodarum ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
New Zealand Mud Snail ◽  
The Impact

Invasive species are one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Hence, understanding the role of invasive species is of grave importance to managing and minimizing the impact of biological invasions. To date, the ecological impacts of biological invasions have received significant attention, but little effort has been made to address the evolutionary impact (Sakai et al. 2001, Cox 2004). This is despite the fact that evolutionary impacts are likely to be widespread; invasive species have been shown to alter patterns of natural selection or gene flow within native populations (Parker et al. 1999), and many of the best examples of rapid evolution involve invasive species interacting with native species (Reznick and Ghalambor 2001, Strauss et al. 2006). We have begun to address some of the evolutionary consequences of the invasion of the New Zealand mud snail, (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) on a species of native snail in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA).

scholarly journals The cenological paradigm in the designing of the digital twin of the human capital structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 07035
Author(s):  
Alexander Kuzminov ◽  
Alexandra Voronina ◽  
Margarita Bezuglova ◽  
Tatiana Medvedskaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Impact Indicators ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Economic Nature ◽  
The Impact

The object of research in this article is the category “human capital” as the foundation for the development of generations and the state in the digital future. This category is directly dependent on the complication of economic systems, changes in the information space and society digitalization. Highlighting of the features of the political and economic nature of “human capital” is possible from the standpoint of its assessment as a key state resource, the impact indicators of which are a combination of classical and newly identified information parameters. In an effort to expand the understanding of the phenomena of institutional changes, of economics and public administration, the multilevel causal model is proposed. The forces of the model act in two directions: macro-causes that explain behaviour at the micro level, and the microlevel laws affecting the entire system at the macrolevel. As a part of the development of interdisciplinary research, the article proposes a new conceptual approach to the formalization and management of the human capital structure. The basis of integration is cenological theory that allows to formalize the system of macro-rules ensuring the stability of complex systems, in particular, of the generations in the information space. The basic research paradigm is proposed and promising results are determined on the example of stratification of human capital parameters.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer in a Porous Radial Fin: Analysis of Numerically Obtained Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jooma ◽  
C. Harley
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Dynamical Systems Analysis ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Case

A time dependent nonlinear partial differential equation modelling heat transfer in a porous radial fin is considered. The Differential Transformation Method is employed in order to account for the steady state case. These solutions are then used as a means of assessing the validity of the numerical solutions obtained via the Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. In order to engage in the stability of this scheme we conduct a stability and dynamical systems analysis. These provide us with an assessment of the impact of the nonlinear sink terms on the stability of the numerical scheme employed and on the dynamics of the solutions.

scholarly journals Responses of native and invasive woody seedlings to combined competition and drought are species-specific

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bueno ◽  
Karin Pritsch ◽  
Judy Simon
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
N Acquisition

Abstract Woody species invasions are a major threat to native communities with intensified consequences during increased periods of summer drought as predicted for the future. Competition for growth-limiting nitrogen (N) between native and invasive tree species might represent a key mechanism underlying the invasion process, because soil water availability and N acquisition of plants are closely linked. To study whether the traits of invasive species provide an advantage over natives in Central Europe in the competition for N under drought, we conducted a greenhouse experiment. We analysed the responses of three native (i.e., Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, and Pinus sylvestris) and two invasive woody species (i.e., Prunus serotina and Robinia pseudoacacia) to competition in terms of their organic and inorganic N acquisition, as well as allocation of N to N pools in the leaves and fine roots. In our study, competition resulted in reduced growth and changes in internal N pools in both native and invasive species mediated by the physiological characteristics of the target species, the competitor, as well as soil water supply. N acquisition, however, was not affected by competition indicating that changes in growth and N pools were rather linked to the remobilization of stored N. Drought led to reduced N acquisition, growth and total soluble protein-N levels, while total soluble amino acid-N levels increased, most likely as osmoprotectants as an adaptation to the reduced water supply. Generally, the consequences of drought were enhanced with competition across all species. Comparing the invasive competitors, P. serotina was a greater threat to the native species than R. pseudoacacia. Furthermore, deciduous and coniferous native species affected the invasives differently, with the species-specific responses being mediated by soil water supply.

scholarly journals An invasive herbivore structures plant competitive dynamics

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 20170374
Author(s):  
Lydia Wong ◽  
Tess Nahanni Grainger ◽  
Denon Start ◽  
Benjamin Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Species Invasions

Species interactions are central to our understanding of ecological communities, but may change rapidly with the introduction of invasive species. Invasive species can alter species interactions and community dynamics directly by having larger detrimental effects on some species than others, or indirectly by changing the ways in which native species compete among themselves. We tested the direct and indirect effects of an invasive aphid herbivore on a native aphid species and two host milkweed species. The invasive aphid caused a 10-fold decrease in native aphid populations, and a 30% increase in plant mortality (direct effects). The invasive aphid also increased the strength of interspecific competition between the two native plant hosts (indirect effects). By investigating the role that indirect effects play in shaping species interactions in native communities, our study highlights an understudied component of species invasions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document