Market participation, on-farm crop diversity and household welfare: micro-evidence from Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Asfaw ◽  
Leslie Lipper ◽  
Timothy J. Dalton ◽  
Patrick Audi
Keyword(s):  
Farm Size ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Output Market ◽  
Farm Crop ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Matching Techniques

AbstractThis paper examines determinants of output and input market participation. It employs propensity score matching techniques to evaluate the impact of market participation on pigeonpea diversity and household welfare, using cross-sectional data of 333 households from Kenya. Results show that input and output market participation decisions are quite distinct. Output market participation is influenced by household demographics, farm size and radio ownership, while input market participation is determined by farm size, bicycle ownership and access to a salaried income. The findings reveal a positive and significant impact of output market participation on pigeonpea diversity, while input market participation had a negative and significant impact on diversity. The results indicate that output market participants have significantly higher food security status than non-participants, in line with the general findings of the literature. However, no significant impact is found between indicators of household welfare and input market participation.

scholarly journals Impact of agricultural commercialization on household food security among smallholder farmers in Zhombe North Rural District, Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Madududu ◽  
Willy-Marcel Ndayitwayeko ◽  
Emmanuel Mwakiwa ◽  
Jacqueline Mutambara
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural commercialization is one of the proposed strategies to alleviate the problem of food insecurity in Africa. This paper contributes to the debate on the impact of agricultural commercialization on household food security by assessing the impact of agricultural commercialization on household food security. Cross-sectional data for the 2017/18 farming season was collected from 165 smallholder farmer households in Zhombe North Rural District in Zimbabwe. A propensity score matching model was used for data analysis. Crop output market participation share (COMPS) and crop input market participation share (CIMPS) were jointly used as a proxy of agricultural commercialization of a household. Findings indicated that agricultural commercialization had a positive significant average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) of 5.25 modified food consumption scores on households’ food security. The paper recommends the promotion of agricultural commercialization as a strategy to improve household food security.

scholarly journals Utilization of the California Nutrition Incentive Program Among CalFresh Shoppers and Its Association with Food Security Status (P04-010-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridharshi Hewawitharana ◽  
Ron Strochlic ◽  
Wendi Gosliner
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
California Department ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Farmers Market ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Incentive Program ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives This evaluation aimed to examine whether utilization of the California Nutrition Incentive Program (CNIP) by California CalFresh farmers’ market shoppers was associated with food security. Methods CNIP aims to increase the ability of CalFresh shoppers to make healthy food choices by providing a dollar-for-dollar match, up to a market-specific maximum, for CalFresh benefits used to purchase FV at participating farmers’ markets. In this cross-sectional evaluation CalFresh shoppers were interviewed at a convenience sample of farmers’ markets that did not participate in CNIP (comparison group) and those that provided match incentives up to $10 or $20. Food security status was assessed using questions from the US Department of Agriculture's validated 6-item food security module. Regression models adjusting for demographic characteristics and clustering by market were used to assess the association between use of CNIP incentives and food security. Results A total of 192 CalFresh shoppers were recruited from 10 farmers’ markets throughout California. CalFresh shoppers who used CNIP incentives had significantly lower odds of cutting the size of or skipping meals due to insufficient money for food and significantly lower odds of not eating when hungry because there wasn't enough money for food compared to CalFresh shoppers who did not use CNIP incentives, holding all other covariates constant. CalFresh shoppers who used CNIP incentives showed a non-significant increase in the odds of being more food secure overall as compared to CalFresh shoppers who did not use CNIP incentives. Conclusions Understanding the effect of CNIP on CalFresh shoppers’ food security has important implications for the further support and promotion of this program. The results of this evaluation suggest that CNIP may positively benefit certain aspects of participants’ food security, but more robust studies are needed to more fully assess the impact of this program. Funding Sources This evaluation was funded by the California Department of Food and Agriculture.

scholarly journals Impact of income diversification on rural livelihood in some selected areas of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakila Salam ◽  
Siegfried Bauer ◽  
Md Salauddin Palash
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Diverse set of income generating activities may have varying effect on household’s welfare situation. This study intends to assess the extent of different income diversification strategies on rural household welfare. A total sample of 153 households from three districts of Bangladesh was randomly selected. Considering simultaneous causality between different livelihood strategies and welfare indicators, the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) methods with instrumental variable was applied to estimate impact of the strategies on household welfare. Household per capita expenditure was treated as the welfare indicator which includes both food and non-food expenditures. The findings show that involving in any type of non-farm activities jointly with farming has a significantly positive effect on the household’s welfare. Among different non-farm activities, participation in wage employment and migration along with agricultural activities ensured significantly higher per capita household expenditure. On the other hand, the impact of currently participation in only agricultural activities on household expenditure is insignificant. Besides, Farm size, higher education and infrastructural facilities also play an important role in improving household’s welfare. Therefore, policy should be directed to create opportunities to participate in non-farm activities through establishment of small and medium industries, especially agro-based industries in the rural areas. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 73–79, March 2019

The Spatial Structuring of Interurban Housing Markets: Application to Building Sites Prepared for Self-Provided Housing

10.1068/a4110 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2143-2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Halleux
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
The Impact

The author supports the argument that a focus on the spatiality of economic mechanisms can be a valuable way to address the issue of interurban housing markets, a theme which has not yet been adequately addressed by academic research. Developments are based on a theoretical framework in which two factors are considered central to the structuring of markets: (i) the possibility of choice between substitutable supplies (spatially related to the territory prospected by the consumer), and (ii) the availability of information on the state of the market (spatially related to the use of local sales references when market participants prepare their negotiations). This theoretical framework is empirically applied to the case of building sites prepared for self-built housing, with a modelling methodology elaborated for Belgium. The modelling methodology, based on cross-sectional regressions, develops a spatial autoregressive specification and incorporates a multiscale comparison. By highlighting the importance of information availability and demand substitutability, this exercise confirms that a focus on interurban market spatiality can be helpful to housing researchers. In fact, the results suggest that such a focus is particularly appropriate to the analysis of the impact of planning regulations on market outcomes.

scholarly journals Relationship between Dietary Habits, Food Attitudes and Food Security Status among Adults Living within the United States Three Months Post-Mandated Quarantine: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3468
Author(s):  
Aljazi Bin Zarah ◽  
Juliana Enriquez-Marulanda ◽  
Jeanette Mary Andrade
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Food Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has disrupted the lives of many and may have influenced dietary habits through factors such as food security status and attitudes. The purpose of this study was to identify dietary habits and their associations with food insecurity and attitudes among adults living in the United States within three months post-mandated quarantine. An online cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2020. Participants (n = 3133) responded to a 71-item questionnaire regarding demographics (n = 7), health information (n = 5), lifestyle habits (n = 8), dietary habits (n = 37), food attitudes (n = 8), and food security status (n = 6). Frequency counts and percentages were tabulated, and multivariate linear regression was conducted to examine associations using STATA v14 at a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed that most participants indicated no change in dietary habits (43.6–87.4%), yet participants reported increased consumption of sweets (43.8%) and salty snacks (37.4%). A significant positive association for food attitude scores (1.59, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.70; p < 0.001) and food security scores (1.19, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.45; p < 0.001) on total dietary habit scores was found. Future extensive population studies are recommended to help public health authorities frame actions to alleviate the impact that mandated quarantine has on dietary habits.

scholarly journals Impact of Formal Financial Market Participation on Farm Size and Expenditure on Variable Farm Inputs: The Case of Maize Farmers in Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dadson Awunyo-Vitor ◽  
Ramatu M. Al-Hassan ◽  
Daniel B. Sarpong
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Financial Market Participation ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Improved Technology ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farm Inputs ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study examined maize farmers’ participation in the formal financial market and its impact on farm size and expenditure on variable farm inputs. A multistage sampling method was used in selecting 595 maize farmers from the seven districts in Ashanti and Brong Ahafo Regions of Ghana. A structured questionnaire and interview schedule were used to elicit information from the respondents. The impact of formal financial market participation on farm size and expenditure on variable inputs was estimated using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method. The results of the study showed that formal financial market participation has the potential to significantly increase expenditure on variable inputs by farmers and consequently use of improved technology. Therefore, formal financial market participation should be encouraged through education and promotional activities.

scholarly journals Financial Sophistication, Personality and Stock Market Participation: Theory and Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akhtar ◽  
Faqir Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Ayub Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Stock Market Participation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
The Impact

In this empirical study, the authors examined the extent to which financial sophistication and personality effects stock market participation. Using archival research methodology, our hypothesis has been tested on a random sample of 451 stock market participants. Moderation has been tested through Andrew Hayes process. Extroversion and openness to experience positively impact stock market participation, while consciousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism have a negative impact. Financial literacy, trading experience and gender are the likely paths by which personality impacts stock market participation. Financial literacy can modify the relationship between some basic personality traits and stock market participation. It shows that behavior finance is not completely predetermined by one’s DNA and also identifies which traits are less influenced by financial literacy. Perhaps this implies that these traits are more predetermined by one’s innate characteristics. This study provides an interdisciplinary contribution by extending Big Five taxonomy as a viable approach for stock market participation. Future research may investigate the impact of family resources, investment exposure, and parent’s financial literacy, which were beyond the scope of the current study. The theoretical and practical implications of the study with respect to stock market participation are discussed.

scholarly journals Determinants of Market Participation and Intensity of Marketed Surplus Among Maize Producers in Fogera District of South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia: Heckman Two Stage Equation Approach.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walelgn Yalew Beadgie ◽  
Ponguru Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Market Participants

Abstract The agricultural productivity is low due to use of low level of improved agricultural technologies, risks associated with or no access to market facilities and low participation of the smallholder farmers. Hence the study focused on the specific objectives were to identify factors that affect market participation decision of households and to determine factors affecting the volume of market supply of maize. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured questionnaire, key informant interviews, and focus-group discussions. A stratified stage sampling technique was used to draw 150 sample units using systematic random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and Heckman Two-Stage model was employed. The result indicated that 56% of market participant were male headed, while 30.67% were female headed. Whereas 15.58% of non-market participants were male headed households, while 5.84% of non-market participants were female headed households. Out of 17 potential variables, seven variables age, area of maize, oxen number, distance to market, access to market information, member of cooperatives and inverse mill’s ratio were significantly influence the decision & extent participation in maize marketing. Therefore, the following points are recommended to develop sustainable production and marketing of maize that is locally adaptable and acceptable to increase the competitiveness of smallholder farmers: improving access to credit to apply fertilizer, farmers should rely on intensive cultivation rather than extensive cultivation and strengthen extension service.

Agriculture, Poverty, and Postwar Reconstruction: Micro-Level Evidence from Northern Mozambique

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Bozzoli ◽  
Tilman Brück
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Activity Choices ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes the effects of household-level activity choices on farm household welfare in a developing country affected by mass violent armed conflict. The study uses household survey data from postwar Nampula and Cabo Delgado provinces in Northern Mozambique capturing many activity choices, including market participation, risk and activity diversification, cotton adoption, and social exchange, as well as income-and consumption-based measures of welfare. The study advances the literature on postwar coping and rural poverty at the micro level by estimating potentially endogenous activity choices and welfare outcomes using instrumental variables. The study finds that increasing the cultivated area and on-farm activities enhances postwar welfare of smallholders exploiting wartime survival techniques. Subsistence farming reduces income but does not affect consumption, while market participation has positive welfare effects. This suggests that postwar reconstruction policies should encourage the wartime crop mix but offer enhanced marketing opportunities for such crops. Cotton adoption, which was promoted by aid agencies in the postwar period, reduces household welfare per capita by between 16% and 31%, controlling for market access. This contradicts previous studies of postwar rural development that did not control for the war-related endogeneity. Hence, addressing the potential endogeneity of activity choices is important because the standard regression approach may lead to biased estimates of the impact of activity choice on welfare, which in turn may lead to biased policy advice. The article discusses and contextualizes these findings, concluding with a discussion of suitable pro-poor reconstruction policies for national governments and donors.

scholarly journals Adoption and Impact of the Maize Hybrid on the Livelihood of the Maize Growers: Some Policy Insights from Pakistan

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhter Ali ◽  
AbduRahman Beshir Issa ◽  
Dil Bahadur Rahut
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Household Assets ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poverty Levels

Despite hybrids being grown on 30–40 percent of the maize area in Pakistan, the retail price of hybrid maize seed is high in Pakistan compared with its neighbors in South Asia and beyond. Hence, this paper analyzes the adoption and impact of hybrid maize on livelihoods using a cross-sectional dataset collected from 822 maize growers in Pakistan. The data were collected from two types of farmers: adopters and nonadopters of hybrid maize, from four major provinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, KPK, and Balochistan). We use the bivariate probit to analyze the factors influencing the adoption of hybrid maize and the propensity score-matching (PSM) approach to analyze the impact of hybrid maize adoption on livelihood of maize growers, as PSM helps correct sample selection biasedness. The empirical result shows that farm size, farm and household assets, the level of education of farmers, access to market, and social networks positively influence the adoption of hybrid maize in Pakistan. The results from PSM revealed that hybrid maize adopters had higher grain yields in the range of 94–124 kgs per hectare as compared with nonadopters. Similarly household income levels were more in the range of Pakistani rupees 2,176–3,518, while the poverty levels were lower in the range of 2-3 percent for hybrid maize adopters. As hybrid maize adoption has had a positive impact on the livelihood of farmers, policies should aim to scale up the adoption of hybrid maize through enhancing the supply and lowering the seed cost through research and subsidy programs, thereby enabling poor farmers in remote areas to adopt hybrid maize varieties.

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