scholarly journals Water utilization and water quality in endogenous economic growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souha El Khanji ◽  
John Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractOur study examines the effect of water utilization together with the effect of water quality on economic growth across countries. We constructed a panel of 177 countries covering the period of 1960–2009. We analyse two dependent variables, gross domestic product per capita and the average of five years of growth. The analysis is conducted using a fixed effects model and fixed effects with instrumental variables. We find that although water utilization affects growth, water quality also proves to be highly significant and affects growth in both the short and long run to a greater degree than water quantity.

scholarly journals Media and Economic Growth: Country Groups Difference via Panel Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Ahapova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Press ◽  
Per Capita

The present article investigates the link between economic growth, namely GDP per capita, and the media activity represented with the indicator of the press freedom alongside other factors such as infrastructure, institutional conditions, and foreign direct investments. A panel of 179 countries was used for the period from 2000 to 2015. In particular, we run two panel data analysis models, fixed effects and random effects models, and examined their output with Hausman’s specification test, which pointed the fixed effects model as more efficient for the presented data set. However due to the presence of serial correlation, heteroskedastic, and cross-panel dependence, a Prais-Winsten regression with panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) was implemented. The comparative analysis of models of four country groups, divided by GNI per capita, was conducted. Both statistically significant correlation coefficients and models’ output provided evidence of an association between economic growth and the press activity.

scholarly journals The Influence of Collaborative Innovation Among Technology ,Institution and Finance on China’s Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Per Capita

This paper constructs a model of collaborative innovation among technology, institution and financeto measure the synergy degree of 29 provinces and cities. Official provincial-level panel data from 2011-2017for 29 provinces are utilized. We find that there is a great difference in the synergy degree among differentregions because of the uneven distribution of financial resources in the region. Then the synergy degree of 29provinces and cities in China is regarded as an important variable in the fixed-effects model. The primaryfinding is that the degree of collaborative innovation among technology, institution and finance can positivelyaffect China’s economic growth. If the degree of collaborative innovation increase by 1%, and the GDP percapita will also increase by about 0.009%-0.016%. However, the domestic loan index of real estate enterpriseshas a negative impact on the per capita GDP. Then we get the conclusion that collaborative innovation will beeffective for China’s high-quality economic growth and suggest that government should use macro control toreduce capital’s preference for real estate investment especially by strengthening direct financial innovation tosupport technological innovation.

scholarly journals Decentralization and Its Impact on Growth in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-151
Author(s):  
Fernanda Andrade de Xavier ◽  
Aparna P. Lolayekar ◽  
Pranab Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
National Growth

We study the effect of revenue decentralization (RD) and expenditure decentralization (ED) on sub-national growth in India from 1981–1982 to 2015–2016 for 14 large (non-special-category) states. Our study provides evidence that both RD and ED play a defining role in India’s sub-national growth in this three-and-a-half-decade period. We use a panel data model with fixed effects (FE) and Driscoll and Kraay standard errors that control for heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence. To test for causality between growth and decentralization, we use the Granger non-causality test. The regression analysis is supplemented with the distribution dynamics approach. We find that: (a) While decentralization Granger-caused economic growth, the reverse causality effect of growth on decentralization was not significant; (b) Economic growth increased significantly after liberalization; (c) Decentralization, capital expenditure and social expenditure had significant positive impacts on economic growth; and (d) States that had high levels of decentralization also had high levels of per capita income, while states that had low decentralization also exhibited low per capita income.

scholarly journals Does the Credit Cycle Have an Impact on Happiness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinghui Li ◽  
Junhao Zhong ◽  
Mark Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
Credit Cycle ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

The 2008 international financial crisis triggered a heated discussion of the relationship between public health and the economic environment. We test the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness using the fixed effects model and explore the transmission channels between them by adding the moderating effect. The results show the following empirical regularities. First, the credit cycle has a negative correlation with happiness. This means that credit growth will reduce the overall happiness score in a country/region. Second, the transmission channels between the credit cycle and happiness are different during credit expansion and recession. Life expectancy and generosity can moderate the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness only during credit expansion. GDP per capita can moderate this relationship only during credit recession. Social support, freedom, and positive affect can moderate this relationship throughout the credit cycle. Third, the total impact of the credit cycle on happiness will become positive by the changes in the moderating effects. In general, we can improve subjective well-being if one of the following five conditions holds: (1) with the adequate support from the family and society, (2) with enough freedom, (3) with social generosity, (4) with a positive and optimistic outlook, and (5) with a high level of GDP per capita.

scholarly journals Islamic Bank Financing and Its Effects on Economic Growth: A Cross Province Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anif Afandi ◽  
Muhammad Amin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Bank Financing ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Almost All

Islamic banking industry shows a reasonably good development, one of which is marked by an increase in service coverage in almost all provinces in Indonesia. However, the question is how far Islamic banking capable of contributing to the improvement of Indonesia's economic growth? The purpose of this research is to examine the role of Islamic banking in promoting inclusive economic growth with a sample of 33 provinces in Indonesia. The method used in this research is panel data regression using the fixed effects model. The results show that Islamic bank financing does not have an impact on Indonesia's economic growth. In other words, the results of the research provide information that the existence of Islamic banking in Indonesia has not yet give a significant impact on the welfare of Indonesian society

scholarly journals AID AND GROWTH IN BANGLADESH: A REASSESSMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 422-440
Author(s):  
Sharif Hossain ◽  
Rajarshi Mitra ◽  
Thasinul Abedin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita

Although the amount of foreign aid received by Bangladesh as a share of GDP has declined over the years, Bangladesh remains one of the heavily aiddependent countries in Asia. The results of most empirical studies that have examined the effectiveness of foreign aid or other forms of development assistance for economic growth have varied considerably depending on the econometric methodology used and the period of study. As the debate and controversy over aid-effectiveness for economic growth continue to grow, this paper reinvestigates the short-run and long-run effects of foreign aid received on percapita real income of Bangladesh over the period 1972–2015. A vector error correction model is estimated. The results indicate lack of any significant short-run and long-run relation between foreign aid and per-capita real income. Results further indicate short-run unidirectional causalities from per-capita real GDP to domestic investment (in proportion to GDP), from government expenditure (in proportion to GDP) to inflation rate, from inflation rate to domestic investment (in proportion to GDP), and from domestic investment to foreign aid (as percentages of GDP). Short-run bidirectional causality is observed between per-capita electricity consumption and per-capita real GDP, and between per-capita real GDP and government expenditure (in proportion to GDP).

scholarly journals Does the Export-Led Growth Hypothesis Hold for Services Exports in Emerging Economies?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Okpeku Lilian ONOSE ◽  
◽  
Osman Nuri ARAS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Growth Hypothesis

The export-led growth hypothesis states a positive relationship between the growth of exports and long-run economic growth. This study examines the validity of the export-led growth hypothesis of services exports in 5 emerging economies, including Brazil, India, Nigeria, China, and South Africa (BINCS), for the period of 1980-2019. The study employs the panel mean group autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) procedure to identify a causal relationship between services exports and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The findings show that the export-led growth hypothesis in services only has a positive effect on economic growth in the short run while other variables, including foreign direct investment (FDI), gross capital formation, and labour, increase economic growth in the long run. Hence, the emerging countries should focus more on internal investment to boost growth in the long and short run.

scholarly journals Government Size and Economic Growth in Vietnam: A Panel Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 17-39
Author(s):  
THÀNH SỬ ĐÌNH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Government Size ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
A Share

The effect of government relative size on economic growth is a contentious issue. This paper is undertaken to test the relationship between government size and economic growth in Vietnam. The study is a panel data investigation, involving 60 provinces over the period 1997–2012. Various measures of government size are defined: provincial government expenditure as a share of gross provincial product (GPP), provincial government revenue as a share of GPP, real provincial government expenditure per capita, and real provincial government revenue per capita. Empirical estimates are employed by conducting Difference Generalized Method of Moments method proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991) and Pooled Mean-Group method by Pesaran, et al. (1999). These tests reveal: (i) provincial government expenditure (revenue) as a share of GPP has a significantly negative effect on economic growth; and (ii) the real government expenditure (revenue) per capita has a significantly positive effect on economic growth. It is also found that the long-run and short-run coefficients of government expenditure size are significant and negative, that the correction mechanism from the short run disequilibrium to the long run equilibrium is not convergent, and that government employment has a negative correlation with economic growth.

scholarly journals Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhina Vadyza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capita Output

Economic growth is a process of increasing per capita output that occurs continuously in the long run. Economic growth is one indicator of the success of development. Increasingly increasing economic growth usually increases people's welfare. While economic development is an effort to increase per capita income by processing potential economic forces into the real economy through investment, increasing knowledge, increasing skills, using technology, adding management skills and organizing.Economic growth is also related to the increase in "per capita output". The theory must include theories about GDP growth and theories about population growth. Then the third aspect is economic growth in a long-term perspective, that is, if for a long period of time the per capita output shows an increasing tendency.The distribution of income distribution in Indonesia is increasingly uneven. This can be seen from the increasing Indonesian Gini Index. As is known, the Gini index measures the income distribution of a country. The size of the Gini index Between 0 (zero) to 1 (one), the Gini index Equal to 0 (zero) indicates the index that the income distribution is perfectly equal, while the Gini index is 1 (one ) shows that the income distribution is totally uneven. Based on the data, the Indonesian Gini index continues to increase from year to year.The state of income distribution in Indonesia since 1970 can be said not to improve, this is caused by many factors, including the First production factor market (input market) which is the increase in labor supply which results in excess labor, low labor wages and limited employment opportunities in urban areas resulting in unemployment and urban slums.Second, land ownership. Land distribution is the main determinant of the extent of poverty and income distribution.

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