scholarly journals Decentralization and Its Impact on Growth in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-151
Author(s):  
Fernanda Andrade de Xavier ◽  
Aparna P. Lolayekar ◽  
Pranab Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
National Growth

We study the effect of revenue decentralization (RD) and expenditure decentralization (ED) on sub-national growth in India from 1981–1982 to 2015–2016 for 14 large (non-special-category) states. Our study provides evidence that both RD and ED play a defining role in India’s sub-national growth in this three-and-a-half-decade period. We use a panel data model with fixed effects (FE) and Driscoll and Kraay standard errors that control for heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence. To test for causality between growth and decentralization, we use the Granger non-causality test. The regression analysis is supplemented with the distribution dynamics approach. We find that: (a) While decentralization Granger-caused economic growth, the reverse causality effect of growth on decentralization was not significant; (b) Economic growth increased significantly after liberalization; (c) Decentralization, capital expenditure and social expenditure had significant positive impacts on economic growth; and (d) States that had high levels of decentralization also had high levels of per capita income, while states that had low decentralization also exhibited low per capita income.

Public expenditure, economic growth and poverty alleviation

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritwik Sasmal ◽  
Joydeb Sasmal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of public expenditure on economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries like India. If poverty and inequality are high, the government may resort to distributive policies at the cost of long-term growth. The distributive policies and poverty alleviation measures fail to achieve success due to lack of good governance, lack of proper targeting and problems in the implementation of such schemes. On the other hand, if the nature of public expenditure is such that it enhances per capita income, it will help reduce poverty. Design/methodology/approach – After analytical digression and construction of hypotheses panel regression has been done using state-level data in the Indian context to empirically verify the above propositions. Both Fixed effects and Random effects models have been used for this purpose. Findings – The results show that in states where ratio of public expenditure on the development of infrastructure such as road, irrigation, power, transport and communication is higher, per capita income is also higher and incidence of poverty is lower indicating that economic growth is important for poverty alleviation and development of infrastructure is necessary for growth. Originality/value – This study demonstrates how public policy and public finance can be used as instruments for removal of poverty.

NON-LINEAR EFFECTS OF TERRORISM ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN: ACCOUNTING FOR CAPITAL PER WORKER AND STRUCTURAL BREAKS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1950014
Author(s):  
RONALD RAVINESH Kumar ◽  
SYED JAWAD HUSSAIN SHAHZAD ◽  
PETER JOSEF STAUVERMANN ◽  
NIKEEL Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Capital Share ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita

In this study, we examine the asymmetric effects of terrorism and economic growth in Pakistan over the period 1970–2016, while considering the role of capital per worker and structural breaks. We use the non-linear ARDL approach to establish the long-run association and to estimate the short-run and long-run effects accordingly. The results indicate the presence of asymmetries in both long and short run. Moreover, 1% decrease in terrorism results in an increase of per capita income by 0.02% in the long run and 0.001% in the short run. Assuming symmetry, the long run capital share is 0.47. In asymmetric relation, a 1% increase in capital share increases output by 0.55%, whereas a 1% decrease in capital stock decreases output by 0.26%. The break effects show that the years 1993 and 2004 have negative effects on growth. The vector error correction model-based causality results indicate a unidirectional causality from terrorism to per capita income. Overall, the results highlight that terrorism is growth retarding.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH ON INEQUALITY IN INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Furqan Ali ◽  
Mohammad Asif
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The rate of economic growth in India fluctuates with the world economic scenario. The developed countries being economically stable and highly advanced by technology, like U.S.A, France, Germany, Japan, and China faced the problem of economic crises. At the same time, the world comes to fluctuate their efficiency and empowerment to the leadership engagement in stabilizing the economy. In this paper, data taken from the Indian States as per capita income at the state level and compare it with all India average data. The Net State Domestic Product Per Capita Income (NSDPPCI), had taken on a current price for the short period 2011-2012 to 2016-2017. This paper compared the regional variation in state performance and compared the most riches states to inferior ones. The factors which affect economic performance are like stabilize the political stability in the state. We also focus comparison on the different political party announcements of the welfare scheme for the farmers and other poor people living in these states. Another factor like the level of education at states and center level, total population, and its growth rate, the public expenditure on the health sector. We measure income inequality, income distribution with the economic growth of India. KEYWORDS: Economic Growth; Inequality; Income Distribution; Political Stability.

scholarly journals UKURAN PASAR UKURAN PASAR (Market Size) DAN INVESTASI ASING LANGSUNG DI ASEAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Adi Lumadya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Per Capita

The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of some economic variables that include market size proxied with income per capita, economic growth, and exports to the Foreign Direct Investment in the member countries of ASEAN-9. The analytical tool used is the Least Squares Regression (Ordinary Least Square) and Panel Data. In the Data Panel will look for similarities in effect is Fixed (Fixed Effect) and the effect is Random (Random Effect). The results of the analysis are: Based on the analysis of OLS concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were proxied with Per Capita Income (GDPP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment. Based on the analysis of Panel Data with Fixed Effect Method concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were represented with per capita income (GDP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment. Based on the analysis of Panel Data with Random Effect method concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were proxied with per capita income (GDP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Fixed Effect, Random Effect

Economic Growth in France and Britain, 1830–1910: A Review of the Evidence

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. R. Crafts
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Unusual Pattern ◽  
Per Capita

Recent revisionist treatments of nineteenth-century French economic growth are examined and reveal that the pattern of economic growth in France was indeed substantially different from the unusual pattern in Great Britain. Labor productivity in French industry was probably lower than in Britain, contrary to the claims of O'Brien and Keyder, and neither growth of per capita income nor the level of income in France in 1910 was remarkable. The article thus supports a position between that of early writers and that of the recent revisionists.

Economic growth and energy consumption nexus in Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Khalid Zaman ◽  
Sadaf Taj ◽  
Rabiah Rustam ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between electricity consumption per capita (ELEC) and real per capita income (Y), as the direction of causation of this relationship remains controversial in the existing literature. It also seeks to explore the relationship between energy consumption per capita (ENC) and real per capita income, over a 34‐year period (between 1975 and 2009).Design/methodology/approachThe study uses Johansen cointegration technique to determine the short‐ and long‐run relationship between the variables. The authors also utilize Granger causality test to determine the causal relationship between the selected variables.FindingsThe study provides evidence of bi‐directional causality between the electricity consumption per capita and real per capita income on one hand; and energy consumption per capita and real per capita income on the other hand as the direction of causality has significant policy implications.Research limitations/implicationsThis study does not include all dimensions of the energy growth, but is limited to the three variables which the authors consider to be critical to economic development, including energy consumption, electricity consumption and economic growth.Originality/valueThe study uses a sophisticated econometric technique with additional tests of forecasting framework to examine the effect of energy demand on economic growth over a period of the next ten years, i.e. 2010‐2019, in the context of Pakistan. The impulse response describes the reaction of the system as a function of independent variable that parameterizes the dynamic behavior of the system.

Economic growth based on agricultural modernisation

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092098370
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Miao Zeng ◽  
Jiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Productivity

Agricultural modernisation is a way for China to implement its strategy of ‘Rural Revitalisation’ and comprehensively build a modern socialist country. Based on a two-sector theoretical model, this paper explores the factors restraining the transformation from traditional to modern agriculture and their relationship with economic growth. Using a sample of 31 provinces and cities in mainland China from 1990 to 2016, the results show that the relative price of industrial and agricultural products has a direct impact on the willingness of people to adopt modern technology. Specifically, the relative price of industrial and agricultural products forms a single combined threshold for agricultural modernisation, while the relative productivity of industry and agriculture form a double threshold for per capita GDP, these also show a significant nonlinear relationship. Moreover, the agricultural modernisation of the provinces and cities in the mainland of China is not randomly distributed. There are hot spots with high-value aggregations. The relative productivity has a significant spillover effect on per capita income, and has a negative impact on per capita income in neighbouring areas. Agricultural modernisation can breakthrough economic stagnation and become the driving force for the economy to enter a new round of growth.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POTENSI, REALISASI DAN KINERJA ORGANISASI PENGELOLA ZAKAT BAZNAS TULUNGAGUNG.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 42-64
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aswad ◽  
Mulia Ardi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
The Public ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
And Performance

This study aims to measure the potential, realization and performance of BAZNAS Tulungagung. The problem faced by OPZ has not been able to maximize its role as an institution that receives zakat from the community (muzaki), OPZ BAZNAS is demanded to be professional and build trust so that the public trusts and tithes to it. This study measures the nominal potential and the realization of zakat collected by BAZNAS Tulungagung. With descriptive qualitative methods and based on zakat data and analyzed data from BPS, it is found that Tulungagung Regency is an area with a Muslim population (98%) and economic growth of 5%, per capita income of 23 million rupiah, of course it is potential for collecting zakat funds. In this study, it was found that the zakat realization was Rp. 3.719.296.538, - from a potential of Rp. 153.772.822.140, ​​-. This can be analyzed because, (i) muzaki directly pays zakat to mustahik, (ii) muzaki's low trust in zakat management organizations, (iii) the utilization of zakat funds is not optimal, (iv) low understanding of zakat and (v) low quality of human resources (SDM) as amil zakat, the committees who organize zakat. Meanwhile, the distribution performance of BAZNAS Tulungagung is still dominated by charity patterns and partly empowerment in productive businesses.

scholarly journals Analisis pengaruh pendapatan perkapita dan belanja modal terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Pulau Sumatera

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Wenny Tri Septiani ◽  
Zamzami Zamzami ◽  
Candra Mustika
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Poverty Levels

This study aims to: 1) To analyze and determine the development of per capita income, capital expenditure, and poverty levels on the island of Sumatra. 2) To analyze and determine the effect of per capita income and capital expenditure on poverty levels in Sumatra Island. The research analysis tool used panel data regression analysis tools. Based on the results of panel data regression, it can be concluded that per capita income and capital expenditure on the poverty level together have a significant effect. Whereas partially only the per capita income variable had a significant and negative effect on the poverty level, while capital expenditure had no significant and positive effect on the poverty level. Keywords: Poverty rate, Per capita income, Capital expenditures

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