Induction of maternal behaviour in non-pregnant, hormone-primed ewes

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Dwyer ◽  
A. B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Foster Mothers ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Neonatal Lambs

AbstractIt has been suggested that the induction of maternal behaviour in non-pregnant ewes by treatment with oestrogen and progesterone followed by artificial, mechanical vaginocervical stimulation (VCS), could be used to produce foster mothers for orphan or triplet lambs. To investigate the reliability of the technique, 46 non-pregnant sheep of two breeds (Suffolk (S) and Scottish Blackface (BF)) and two levels of experience (nulliparous (N) and multiparous (M)) were used. All ewes were given 6 weeks of treatment with vaginal sponges containing oestradiol and progesterone, followed by 2 min of VCS and exposure to a neonatal (< 2 days old) foster lamb. Plasma oestrogen and prolactin concentrations were significantly elevated by the hormonal treatment; prolactin was significantly higher in M ewes compared with N ewes (BFN = 91, SN = 107, BFM = 301, SM = 687 μg/l, P < 0·005). Significant udder development was seen in most ewes (proportionately 1·0 M v. 0·62 N, P = 0·01) and more M ewes produced milk than N ewes (0·67 v. 0·19, P < 0·005). No ewes showed maternal behaviour to the lamb from hormone treatment alone. After VCS, one of 26 N ewes and five of 12 M ewes expressed maternal behaviour. In the M ewes, significantly more S ewes were maternal than BF ewes (proportionately 0·75 SM v. 0·25 BFM, P < 0·05). It is concluded that the technique alone is not sufficiently reliable to be a useful fostering aid. It is suggested, however, that previous exposure to neonatal lambs, handling of ewes before testing and using newborn lambs, may be fruitful areas of investigation to improve the technique.

scholarly journals Effects of reproductive tract development and hormonal treatment on estrous synchronization in heifers

2020 ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Jorge Alonso Peralta-Torres ◽  
Jesús Ricardo Aké-López ◽  
Carlos Luna-Palomera ◽  
José Candelario Segura-Correa ◽  
Oswaldo Margarito Torres-Chablé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Tropical Conditions

Evaluation of the reproductive tract development (RTD) is a criterion rarely used when heifers are included in estrous synchronization programs. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of RTD (mature and immature) and hormonal treatment (EC and EB) on estrous expression rate and pregnancy rate in Bos indicus heifers under tropical conditions. RTD was evaluated with an ultrasound and classified as mature (n=99) or immature (n=101). Heifers received an intravaginal device (DIB®; day 0), 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) and 250 µg of cloprostenol (PGF2α). The DIB was removed on day 7 post insertion, and 250 µg of PGF2α was applied and heifers were divided into two groups: One group of heifers received 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate (EC group), and on day 8, a second group of heifers received 1 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB group). Estrus was detected by visual observation, and all heifers were inseminated at a fixed-time (FTAI). Fifteen days after insemination, bulls were introduced to the treatment groups. Data were analyzed using general modeling and binary logistic regression procedures. The percentage of estrus was similar for both mature and immature heifers (P>0.05), however, the heifers treated with EB had 17% animals in estrus, than the heifers that received EC (P <0.05). The pregnancy rate after FTAI (74.8%) and total pregnancy (FTAI + natural mating = 91.9%) was greater for the group of heifers with a mature reproductive tract (P<0.05). The hormone treatment had not effect (P>0.05) on the pregnancy rate. In conclusion, the heifers with mature reproductive tracts had the highest pregnancy rate after artificial insemination and total pregnancy. Hormonal treatment did not influence the pregnancy rate.

scholarly journals Neuroscience in transgender people: an update

Neuroforum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Kiyar ◽  
Sarah Collet ◽  
Guy T’Sjoen ◽  
Sven C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Transgender Persons ◽  
The Brain

AbstractTransgender persons identify with a gender different from the one they were assigned at birth. Although describing oneself as transgender is not a new phenomenon, media attention has lately been increasing exponentially, thanks to progressive changes in laws and change in societal attitudes. These changes also allow more people nowadays to (openly) identify as transgender and/or seek gender-affirming treatment. However, simultaneously, not much is presently understood about the underlying neurobiology, and specifically the brain structure and brain function of transgender persons. One major question in neuroimaging and neuroscience has been to determine whether, at the brain level, transgender people resemble more their gender identity, their sex assigned at birth, or have a unique neural profile. Although the evidence is presently inconsistent, it suggests that while the brain structure, at least before hormonal treatment, is more similar to sex assigned at birth, it may shift with hormonal treatment. By contrast, on “sex-stereotypical tasks,” brain function may already be more similar to gender identity in transgender persons, also before receiving gender-affirming hormone treatment. However, studies continue to be limited by small sample sizes and new initiatives are needed to further elucidate the neurobiology of a ‘brain gender’ (sex-dimorphic change according to one’s gender).

scholarly journals Catamenial Pneumothorax: Surgical Repair of the Diaphragm and Hormone Treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle C Leong ◽  
Aman S Coonar ◽  
Loïc Lang-Lazdunski
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Postoperative Recurrence ◽  
Hormone Analogue ◽  
Traditional Therapy ◽  
Catamenial Pneumothorax ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

Catamenial pneumothorax is defined as spontaneous pneumothoraces occurring within 72 h before or after onset of menstruation. It is rare but clinical index of suspicion should be high in ovulating women with spontaneous pneumothoraces. The mechanism is unclear but is thought to involve pre-existing or acquired diaphragmatic defects and endometrial implants. Traditional therapy involving hormonal treatment or surgical pleurodesis alone is associated with high rates of recurrence. A series of four patients with catamenial pneumothorax managed at our institution is presented to highlight the condition to various surgical specialties to whom it may present, and to emphasise the importance of both surgical and hormonal interventions in preventing recurrence. Each patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic inspection of the diaphragm, mechanical pleurodesis and, most importantly, repair of diaphragmatic defects with an artificial mesh. Surgical treatment was strictly followed by a course of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue therapy in three patients, with no recurrence to date (longest follow-up 45 months). The fourth patient suffered a postoperative recurrence when hormonal treatment was delayed for 6 weeks, stressing the importance of hormonal treatment in conjunction with surgery.

The Significance of Age-Related Androgen Depletion in Cognitive Impairment: A Review

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Melanie S. Burkhardt ◽  
Jonathan K. Foster ◽  
Ralph N. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
Androgen Depletion ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Considerable Support

AbstractThe potential role of supplementing sex steroids for the prevention and delay of age-related cognitive decline has received a great deal of recent interest. Although the biological plausibility of hormone treatment has received considerable support, clinical studies of cognitive functioning after hormonal treatment in postmenopausal women with and without dementia have produced mixed results. Much less attention has been given to the corresponding role of androgens in men. In order to establish the relevance of hormonal supplementation for men in delaying or preventing cognitive decline, it is of importance to evaluate both adrenal and gonadal contributions to androgen status. Additionally, consideration must also be given to the potential interactions of androgens with risk and protective factors (e.g., apolipoprotein E genotype and education). Here we review experimental and epidemiological studies of the significance of androgens for cognitive function.

Lack of hormonal stimulation prevents the landlocked Biwa salmon (Oncorhynchus masou subspecies) from adapting to seawater

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (4) ◽  
pp. R414-R425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Nakajima ◽  
Haruka Shimura ◽  
Miyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Yasuhiro Fujioka ◽  
Kazuhiro Ura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Downstream Migration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Oncorhynchus Masou ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
Low Ability

Landlocking of salmon relaxes selective pressures on hypoosmoregulatory ability (seawater adaptability) and may lead to the abandonment of its physiological system. However, little is known about the mechanism and consequence of the process. Biwa salmon is a strain/subspecies of Oncorhynchus masou that has been landlocked in Lake Biwa for an exceptionally long period (about 500,000 years) and has low ability to adapt to seawater. We compared activity of gill Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) of Biwa salmon with those of anadromous strains of the same species (masu and amago salmon) during downstream migration periods and after exogenous hormone treatment. Gill NKA activity in anadromous strains increased during their migration periods, while that in Biwa salmon remained low. However, treatments of Biwa salmon with growth hormone (GH) and cortisol increased gill NKA activity. Cortisol treatment also improved the whole body seawater adaptability of Biwa salmon. Receptors for GH and cortisol responded to hormonal treatments, whereas their mRNA levels during downstream migration period were essentially unchanged in Biwa salmon. Circulating levels of cortisol in masu salmon showed a peak during downstream migration period, while no such increase was seen in Biwa salmon. The present results indicate that Biwa salmon can improve its seawater adaptability by exogenous hormonal treatment, and hormone receptors are capable of responding to the signals. However, secretion of the endogenous hormone (cortisol) was not activated during the downstream migration period, which explains, at least in part, their low ability to adapt to seawater.

scholarly journals Association between hormonal therapy and craniofacial development in subjects between 10 and 18 years of age. Systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Juliana Isabel Ceballos ◽  
Sebastián Pineda ◽  
Zulma Vanesa Rueda ◽  
María Clara Lema ◽  
Natalia Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Hormone Substitution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Background: Hormone deficiency could affect craniofacial complex during esqueletal growth and development. Objective: Determine whether there is scientific evidence of the association between hormonal treatment and craniofacial growth measured by cephalometry films, in subjects of 10 to 18 years with hormonaltreatment. Materials and Methods: A systematic review. For the articles published in PubMed, Google Scholar, Lilacs, Embase and Science Direct databases, without restriction of publication year was performed. Clinicaltrials, case control studies, cohort, systematic reviews and meta analysis studies were included. Reading f the abstracts and the complete articles were made by two researchers. Results: Among 1085 articles found, 1074 were excluded because did not meet the inclusion criteria. After complete reading of the articles, five were excluded because they were cross-sectional studies and one was not recovered in the full text. In total, 6 articles were included. These studies report that patients who were treated with hormone substitution therapy showed favorable changes in their craniofacial structures, especially in mandibular total length, ramus length and mandibular body length. These positive changes led to an improvement in profile, inter-maxillary relations, and other osseous body structures. Conclusions: Despite the heterogeneity of the studies it was found that early replacement with hormone treatment, regardless of the dose and long-term treatment, accelerates the development of craniofacial structures, mainly the mandible, to reach the skeletal patterns genetically established. Studies are required to evaluate replacehormone treatment in patients without additional systemic compromises.  

SERUM MUCOPROTEINS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC FEVER

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-621
Author(s):  
VINCENT C. KELLEY ◽  
FORREST H. ADAMS ◽  
ROBERT A. GOOD
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Phase Reactant

Serum mucoprotein concentrations during various stages of rheumatic fever are compared to those of normal children and children suffering from a variety of diseases. In untreated rheumatic fever as in rheumatic fever treated with bed rest and salicylates the concentration of mucoproteins in the serum appears to be useful index of rheumatic activity. Treatment of rheumatic fever with ACTH or cortisone causes deviation of the elevated serum mucoprotein concentration toward normal but hormonal treatment has less effect on this "acute phase reactant" than on other objective indices of rheumatic activity. A tendency of the mucoprotein concentration to "plateau" at elevated levels in spite of hormone treatment is described. The possibility that maintenance of elevated mucoprotein levels during hormone therapy indicates persisting disease activity is suggested. The tendency to develop recurrent rheumatic symptomatology following cessation of hormone treatment is correlated with concentration of mucoproteins in the serum and with the total duration of treatment.

Scanning electron microscopy of postovulatory human endometrium in spontaneous cycles and cycles stimulated by hormone treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Martel ◽  
R. Frydman ◽  
M. Glissant ◽  
C. Maggioni ◽  
D. Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin ◽  
Negative Effect

ABSTRACT The ultrastructure of the luminal surface epithelium was compared in endometrial samples taken from 23 normally cycling women and from 22 patients submitted to ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate (100 mg/day for 5 days), human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). On day 2 after ovulation, only four out of nine specimens taken from the women in the hormone-treated group were identical to those of normally cycling women. On day 6 after ovulation, only two out of the 13 biopsy specimens from the treated group were the same as those from normally cycling women at that stage. Apical protrusions (pinopodes), typical for this period of the cycle, were missing in 11 of the 13 endometrial samples from the treated group. These observations suggest that the hormonal treatment applied to induce ovulation (clomiphene citrate, hMG and hCG) can modify the normal development of the prenidatory endometrium, and may thus have a negative effect on the rate of egg implantation. J. Endocr. (1987) 114, 319–324

scholarly journals Effect of the level of iodine in the diet of pregnant ewes on the concentration of immunoglobulin G in the plasma of neonatal lambs following the consumption of colostrum

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Rose ◽  
Basil T. Wolf ◽  
William Haresign
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fixed Quantity ◽  
Neonatal Lambs

Excessive I in the diet of pregnant sheep can reduce the concentration of antibodies in the blood plasma of the lambs after they have consumed colostrum. Our aim was to determine the dose of dietary I that would avoid this effect, and to relate this to changes in the concentrations of hormones and metabolites in the lambs. Four groups of pregnant ewes received concentrate containing 5·5, 9·9, 14·8, and 21·0 mg I/kg DM, respectively. Hay and molasses (containing 0·16 and 0·29 mg I/kg DM, respectively) were available ad libitum. The lambs were prevented from suckling for the first 24 h of life and were fed a fixed quantity of artificial colostrum in four feeds. At 24 h, the average plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin G in the lambs were 6·08, 5·06, 3·18 and 3·10 g/l for the 5·5, 9·9, 14·8 and 21·0 mg/kg groups, respectively. Supplementation with I was associated with higher levels of tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine in the lambs at birth. There was no effect of treatment on the plasma concentrations of insulin, cortisol, glucose or NEFA in the lambs. The concentration of dietary I that had an effect on the immunoglobulin concentration in the lambs is marginally above the levels added to commercial concentrate feeds; we tentatively identify 9·9 mg I/kg DM (approximately 9 mg I/ewe per day) as the upper safe limit of I supplementation according to the criterion of the concentration of immunoglobulin G in the plasma of lambs at 24 h after birth.

scholarly journals Recommendations for the Use of Testosterone in Male Transgender

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bregieiro Costa ◽  
Ana Rosa-e-Silva ◽  
Sebastião Medeiros ◽  
Andrea Nacul ◽  
Bruno Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
Depression Disorders ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Transgender Men

AbstractGender incongruence is defined as a condition in which an individual self-identifies and desires to have physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex. Gender dysphoria is when an individual displays the anxiety and/or depression disorders that result from the incongruity between the gender identity and the biological sex. The gender affirmation process must be performed by a multidisciplinary team. The main goal of the hormone treatment is to start the development of male physical characteristics by means of testosterone administration that may be offered to transgender men who are 18 years old or over. The use of testosterone is usually well tolerated and improves the quality of life. However, there is still lack of evidence regarding the effects and risks of the long-term use of this hormone. Many different pharmacological formulations have been used in the transsexualization process. The most commonly used formulation is the intramuscular testosterone esters in a short-term release injection, followed by testosterone cypionate or testosterone enanthate. In the majority of testosterone therapy protocols, the male physical characteristics can be seen in almost all users after 6 months of therapy, and the maximum virilization effects are usually achieved after 3 to 5 years of regular use of the hormone. To minimize risks, plasmatic testosterone levels should be kept within male physiological ranges (300 to 1,000 ng/dl) during hormonal treatment. It is recommended that transgender men under androgen therapy be monitored every 3 months during the 1st year of treatment and then, every 6 to 12 months.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document