Effects of growth hormone administration on the body composition and hormone levels of genetically fat sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Francis ◽  
N. B. Jopson ◽  
R. P. Littlejohn ◽  
S. K. Stuart ◽  
B. A. Veenvliet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Plasma Gh

AbstractCoopworth sheep selected for low (lean) or high (fat) backfat have large differences in plasma GH profiles. Fat genotype ram lambs (5 months old) were treated with growth hormone (GH) to simulate the plasma GH profiles of lean sheep and investigate whether exogenous GH could modify carcass fatness. For 77 days, bovine GH was administered at 25 Uglkg live weight per day either as a single, daily subcutaneous bolus (fat bolus) or via portable pulsatile infusion pumps (fat pump) which delivered GH solution at 90-min intervals into a jugular catheter. Measurements of body composition were made by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonic scanning during the trial, with linear carcass measurements and proximate analysis undertaken at the end of the experiment.Before treatments began, mean plasma GH levels were lower (P < 0·01) in fat control (0·34 ugll) than in lean lambs (1·1 μg/l). Several weeks after the start of the trial, mean plasma GH had increased in both fat bolus (1·2 μg/l) and fat pump (0·45 μg/l) treatment lambs with major changes in the pulsatility relative to the fat control lambs. Although these changes were maintained in the fat bolus lambs, by the end of the trial there was no significant difference in mean plasma GH between fat pump and fat control sheep. Throughout the trial, plasma 1GF-1 levels were higher in fat bolus, fat pump and lean lambs than in fat control lambs. Analysis of body composition data over the GH treatment period revealed that the slope of the allometric equation for total fat relative to empty body weight was lower in the fat bolus lambs (1·07) than in the lean lambs (1·50) with fat control and fat pump treatment lambs intermediate (1·30 and 1·36, respectively). Subcutaneous fat was later maturing in lean lambs than in fat control and bolus treatment lambs when regressed against total fat, with the fat pump treatment lambs being intermediate. Linear carcass measurements revealed changes due to GH administration in the distribution of subcutaneous fat and eye muscle dimensions.It is concluded that sheep from the fat genotype show physiological responses to exogenous GH. Increasing plasma GH levels of fat sheep increased plasma IGF-1 and had variable effects on carcass fatness. The change in body composition may be affected by the mode of administration of exogenous GH.

Estimation in vivo of the chemical composition of the bodies of mature cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Wright ◽  
A. J. F. Russel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Condition Score

ABSTRACTA number of possible indices of body composition (live weight, skeletal size, total body water as estimated by deuterium oxide dilution, blood and red cell volumes as estimated by Evans Blue dilution, ultrasonic measurements of subcutaneous fat depth and eye-muscle area, and body condition scoring) was examined using 73 non-pregnant, non-lactating, mature cows of Hereford × Friesian, Blue-Grey, British Friesian, Galloway and Luing genotypes, ranging in body condition score from 0·75 to 4·5. Direct measurements of body composition in terms of water, fat, protein and ash were made following slaughter.Live weight, deuterium oxide dilution, ultrasonic measurements of subcutaneous fat depth and eyemuscle area, and body condition score were all considered to be potentially useful predictors of body composition. Combinations of techniques offered better predictions than did any single index. Using a combination of measurements it was possible to predict body fat and protein with a residual s.d. of 13·1 kg and 3·15 kg respectively. Breed differences in the partition of fat among the main adipose tissue depots necessitated the development of specific prediction equations for body fat based on condition score and subcutaneous fat depth for different breeds. Equations remain to be developed for predicting body composition in cows in different physiological states.

scholarly journals Effect of Breed Types and Castration on Carcass Characteristics of Boer and Large Frame Indigenous Veld Goats of Southern Africa

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertruida L. van Wyk ◽  
Louwrens C. Hoffman ◽  
Phillip E. Strydom ◽  
Lorinda Frylinck
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The Right ◽  
Boer Goats

Weaner male Boer Goats (BG; n = 36; 21 bucks and 15 wethers) and large frame Indigenous Veld Goats (IVG; n = 41; 21 bucks and 20 wethers) were raised on hay and natural grass ad libitum and the recommended amount of commercial pelleted diet to a live weight between 30 and 35 kg. Carcass quality characteristics (live weight, carcass weights, dressing %, chilling loss and eye muscle area) were measured. The right sides of the carcasses were divided into wholesale cuts and dissected into subcutaneous fat, meat and bone. Large frame Indigenous Veld Goat (IVG) wethers were slightly lighter than the IVG bucks with no significant difference observed between BG. Wethers compared to bucks had higher dressing %, subcutaneous fat % in all primal cuts, intramuscular fat %, kidney fat % and, overall, slightly less bone %. Some breed–wether interactions were noticed: IVG wethers were slightly lighter than the IVG bucks, but the IVG bucks tended to produce higher % meat compared to other test groups. Judged on the intramuscular fat % characteristics, it seems as if wethers should produce juicier and more flavorsome meat compared to bucks.

The use of a danscanner ultrasonic machine to predict the body composition of Hereford bulls

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Alliston
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Ultrasonic Machine ◽  
Ultrasonic Scanning ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Total Fat

ABSTRACTUltrasonic measurements, using a Danscanner, were taken of the m longissimus dorsi and overlying fat at the 10th and 13th ribs, and 3rd lumbar vertebra, of 50 Hereford bulls with ages ranging from 400 to 600 days, just prior to slaughter and side dissection.The analysis adjusted the data for live weight and day of slaughter, and the precision of carcass lean and fat prediction was examined. The standard deviations of total fat and lean in the carcass at constant live weight were 40 and 33 g/kg respectively.The best single measurement of fat depth for predicting fat proportion was fat depth taken 125 mm from the midline at the 13th rib (residual s.d. = 21·8g/kg). The best combined predictors of both total fat and lean proportions in the side were fat depth 125 mm from the midline at the 13th rib, fat depth 75 mm from the midline at the 3rd lumbar vertebra, and fat area at the 10th and 13th ribs, and 3rd lumbar vertebra, with residual s.d. of 20·5 and 19·6 g/kg for fat and lean proportions respectively.The results confirm that ultrasonic scanning is now able to give a useful indication of the body composition of live cattle.

scholarly journals Effect of activated clinoptilolite and inactive brewer’s yeast mixture on loin eye muscle and body indexes in fattening period

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (08) ◽  
pp. 6439-2020
Author(s):  
SELIM ESEN ◽  
HARUN KARADAG ◽  
CUNEYT KAPTAN ◽  
HUSEYIN ESECELI
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Fattening Period

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary activated clinoptilolite and inactive brewer’s yeast mixture (CBY) on the loin eye muscle (MLD) and body indexes. For this purpose, a total of 48 Kivircik male lambs at the weaning age of 62 ± 4 days and with the initial live weight of 23.80 ± 3.19 kg were randomly allocated to one control group (CON) and three treatments groups (namely CBY-Ι, CBY-ΙΙ, and CBY-ΙΙΙ), each containing 12 lambs. 0, 1, 3, and 5 g/kg of CBY were added to the diets, respectively, as fed basis. The trial lasted for 63 days, of which 7 days were spent for adaptation to the diets and 56 days for the data collection. All the animals received 150 g of chopped alfalfa hay and their specifically formulated experimental diets ad libitum. There was no significant difference between the treatments in terms of MLD depth and fat thickness (FT) (p > 0.05). The addition of 3 and 5 g/kg CBY to the lamb diets increased the MLD depth (+1.87% in CBY-ΙΙ and +4.67% in CBY-ΙΙΙ) and decreased the FT (–13.29% in CBY-ΙΙ). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the treatments in terms of index of height (IH) (p < 0.05). It was concluded that adding 3 g/kg CBY to the lamb diets to increase the MLD depth, decrease the FT, and improve the body indexes may have some economic benefits in the fattening period.

The Fitness Characteristics of Elite Female Skaters and Regression Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 477-478 ◽  
pp. 341-344
Author(s):  
Xiao Gang Mu ◽  
Jiao Yang Xia
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Isokinetic Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated

With the method of ISOMED isokinetic testing system, INBODY 3.0 body composition analyzer and ADIPOMETER subcutaneous fat measuring instrument, this study tries to measure the fitness characteristics of female athletes and then apply mathematical statistics to complete a regression analysis with their results. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. 480°/s hip extensor480°/s knee extensor and 240°/s radios of knee flexor-extensor are highly negative correlated with 500m results, and the regression equation is y = 20.496 - 0.72x1 - 0.64x2 - 0.82x3. 2. Results of the body composition and subcutaneous fat are not highly correlated with 500m result. The hip flexor and extensor at three angular speeds are highly negative correlated with subcutaneous fat of abdomen, upper knee and back, but are highly positive correlated with weight, FFM, BMI and BMR. 3. According to the testing results of body composition, there is no significant difference between two groups, both up to the standard of Asia and world. The maximum value of subcutaneous fat is in abdomen and for another is in upper knees. The minimum value of subcutaneous fat is in outer thigh for long distance athletes and in back for short distance athletes, no significant difference.

scholarly journals Einfluss des nach der TOBEC-Methode bestimmten Fettgehaltes bei Kaninchen auf die Wurfleistungen und die Körperzusammensetzung der Nachkommen

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
A. Lévai ◽  
G. Milisits
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Fat Content

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of selection on body fat content by means of the TOBEC method on some reproductive traits of rabbit does and on the body composition of growing rabbits In this experiment body fat content of Pannon White growing rabbits was determined at 10 weeks of age using an EM-SCAN SA-3152 type Small Animal Body Composition Analyser (TOBEC method). Based on the fat content determined the best and worst 16% of the does and the best and worst 8% of the bucks were chosen and mated with each other (fatty doe with fatty buck and lean doe with lean buck). It was found that the conception rate was significantly higher and the number of inseminations needed for the second kindling significantly lower in the case of fatty rabbits. An important, but not significant difference was observed in the case of total litter size at birth, which decreased in the case of live born litter size. This reason was the significantly higher ratio of the dead born pups in the case of non-fatty rabbits. Due to the higher ratio of total litter loss and suckling mortality in the case of fatty rabbits the litter size at 21 days differed notably, but again not significantly. In the offsprings of the F1 generation it was found that the fat content estimated and also the ratio of scapular and abdominal fat to the live weight calculated differed significantly (P < 0.05) from each other in the two experimental groups. The estimated fat content was 42% higher in the offsprings of fatty than in the offsprings of non-fatty rabbits. The differences in the ratio of the scapular and abdominal fat content to the live weight were 26% and 51%, respectively.

Growth hormone treatment of obese women for 5 wk: effect on body composition and adipose tissue LPL activity

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. E211-E216 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Richelsen ◽  
S. B. Pedersen ◽  
J. D. Borglum ◽  
T. Moller-Pedersen ◽  
J. Jorgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Total Fat

Because it has been found that growth hormone (GH) treatment of GH-deficient adults is able to reduce the total fat mass, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of GH treatment in obese subjects. The investigation was a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in which nine obese females were treated with GH (0.03 mg.kg ideal body wt-1.day-1) and placebo for 5 wk. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the quantity of intra-abdominal adipose tissue was determined by CT scan. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was determined in fat biopsies taken from the subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal region. GH treatment significantly reduced the total fat mass from 40.5 to 38.4 kg (i.e., 5% reduction of the total fat mass; P < 0.01), whereas the fat-free mass increased from 50.5 to 53.5 kg (P < 0.01). In addition, GH treatment significantly reduced the intra-abdominal adipose tissue determined by CT scan (reduction by 7 +/- 0.3%; P < 0.02). CT scan performed at the level of the femur showed a 7% reduction in adipose tissue and a 5% increase in muscle volume in the GH group (P < 0.05). Thus no clear regional differences in the GH-mediated reduction of the adipose tissue mass were observed. GH reduced the LPL activity by approximately 50% (P < 0.01) in the adipose tissue. Finally, GH treatment significantly increased the level of plasma free fatty acids (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Maternal body composition in seedstock herds. 2. Relationships between cow body composition and BREEDPLAN EBVs for Angus and Hereford cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
S. J. Lee ◽  
K. A. Donoghue ◽  
W. S. Pitchford
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Do So

Relationships between BREEDPLAN estimated breeding values (EBVs) for 600-day weight, maternal effect on calf weaning weight (Milk), fat depth at P8 site (Rump), 12/13th rib fat depth (Rib), eye muscle area (EMA), and intramuscular fat (IMF) with body composition measures in first- and second-parity Angus and Hereford cows were investigated. More than 4000 Angus and 1000 Hereford cows were measured for weight, height, ultrasound P8 fat depth (P8), 12/13th rib fat depth (RIB), loin EMA and IMF (%) at pre-calving and weaning. The body composition measurements were then regressed against mid-parent BREEDPLAN EBVs. Increased 600-day weight EBV was associated with increased weight and height but decreased P8 and rib fat depths and EMA when considered on a weight-constant basis. BREEDPLAN EBVs for Rump, Rib, EMA and IMF were closely related to the equivalent ultrasound measure in Angus and Hereford cows at pre-calving and weaning in the first two parities. These results indicate that current BREEDPLAN carcass EBVs are associated with cow body composition, so if producers want to change the body composition of their cows, they can do so using existing BREEDPLAN carcass EBVs, and there appears no requirement for additional EBVs to describe cow body-composition traits for subcutaneous fat, EMA and IMF.

Effect of increased production of growth hormone on body composition in mice: transgenic versus control

1992 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle ◽  
J. D. Murray ◽  
P. J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT The body composition (water, fat, protein and ash) of male and female transgenic mice which had a sheep metallothionein 1a–sheep growth hormone fusion gene and their non-transgenic controls was determined at intervals from birth to 21 days of age (weaning) in 66 mice of each group, and in an additional 64 mice over the period 25 to 98 days of age. Overall 520 mice were analysed. Weaned mice were starved over-night prior to slaughter. Food was available ad libitum. and, after weaning, a zinc sulphate supplement was added to the drinking water to initiate expression of the transgene. Growth and body composition were similar in all groups before weaning. From 39 days of age, transgenic females became progressively heavier than corresponding controls, being 60% heavier at the end of the experiment. They contained less fat, more water and slightly less ash than did controls of the same live weight but similar amounts of protein. When examined on a fat-free basis, they had less protein and ash and more water than corresponding controls. Appropriate linear and quadratic regression equations are presented to describe the above relationships. Growth and body composition were more variable in transgenic males but, on average, similar to controls. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 132, 285–291

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