Caecotrophes intake in growing rabbits estimated either from urinary excretion of purine derivatives or from direct measurement using animals provided with a neck collar: effect of type and level of dietary carbohydrate

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Belenguer ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
M. Fondevila ◽  
C. Torre
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Microbial N

AbstractThe present study compares estimates of caecotrophes production from urinary purine derivatives (PD) excretion with that from preventing caecotrophy by using a neck collar. A total of 64 New Zealand growing male rabbits were used to study the effect of diet composition on caecotrophes production. Diets were formulated using two sources of structural carbohydrates (fibre): alfalfa hay (AH) and sugar-beet pulp (SBP), mixed at two constant proportions, (0·75: 0·25) AH diets and (0·25: 0·75) SBP diets. Both diets included either barley or maize grain at two fibre: grain ratios (F/G, 80: 20 and 45: 55). Diets were given ad libitum. Growth rate, dry matter intake and digestibility were not modified by the grain source, although high F/G diets resulted in a lower growth rate (19·8 v. 26·4 g/day; P < 0·001). Between fibre sources, dry-matter intake and growth were higher in AH than in SBP diets (122·5 and 25·6 v. 101·6 and 20·4 g/day, respectively, P < 0·001 and P < 0·01). Rabbits given high F/G ratio and AH diets excreted more caecotrophes than those given low F/G ratio and SBP diets (19·5 and 20·9 v. 16·3 and 14·85 g/day, respectively). Microbial-N recycling through the caecotrophy process was higher when considering data from PD excretion (1·33 g/d) than when estimated by preventing caecotrophy (0·72 g/day).

Millet compared with wheat and sorghum in high-grain diets for cattle

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
RJW Gartner ◽  
L Laws ◽  
PK O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Lower Growth Rate

Steers in yards were fed finishing diets of either 90 per cent wheat (32 steers), sorghum (40 steers) or millet (5 steers) grain. The steers fed sorghum were further subdivided into two equal groups receiving either cottonseed hulls or lucerne as the roughage source. Rhodes grass and lucerne were the roughages fed with wheat and millet respectively. The steers had an initial mean shrunk liveweight of 21 5.4 � S.E. 0.35 kg and were aged between 12 and 15 months. Individual steers were slaughtered either at 390 kg, or, those failing to reach this weight after 177 days, were slaughtered at lower weights resulting in an overall mean shrunk liveweight of 367.9 � 2.16 kg. The only significant (P < 0.01) difference in productivity was the lower growth rate of 1.04 � 0.049 kg day-1 of the steers receiving sorghum plus lucerne compared with 1.22 � 00.39, 1.21 � 0.049 and 1.43 0.098 kg day-1 for steers receiving wheat, sorghum plus cottonseed hulls, and millet respectively. The feed conversion ratios (kg dry matter per kg liveweight gain) with wheat, sorghum/cottonseed hulls, sorghum/lucerne and millet were 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 5.6 respectively.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF FEED ON THE INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND GROWTH RATE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED GLIRICIDIA sepium AND LEUCAENA LEUCOCOEPHALA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
S. M. Odeyinka ◽  
A. A. Ademosun
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
West African ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Dwarf Goats

The study evaluated the effects of level of feed offer on dry matter intake (DMI) , digestibility, the parts of plants selected and on the growth rate of West African dwarf (WAD) goats without resulting in toxicity. Seven different levels of feed offer ranging from 40g/kg0.75/day to 130Wkg0.75/day in increments of 15g/kg0.75) were fed to two groups of goats. The first group was fed 100% Gliricidia while the while the second was fed 50% Gliricidia and 50% Leucaena diet (50/50). The level of feed offer had significant effect on the DIM and digestible DMI (DDMI) of the goat (P < 0.01). The Leucaena intake in a 50/50 diet was always higher than the Gliricidia intake except at 55g1kg0.75 offer level. The level of feed offer had significant effects on the parts of plants selected (P < 0.01.) and on the growth rate. The leaf intake was statistically higher than the stem intake (P < 0.01). All the goats on 40g/kg0.75 and 55g/kg0.75 on a 100% Gliricidia diet lost weight while only those on 40g/kg0.75 lost weight on a 50/50 diet. There was no significant difference in the growth rate of goats on feed offer levels of 70g to 130g/kg0.75 (P > 0.05). The study indicate that goats performance was higher on a mixed browse diet than on Gliricidia alone. Goats performed best at 100g/kg0.75 offer level.

scholarly journals Dry matter intake observed and predicted by the nutritional systems NRC and BR-Corte for feedlot nelore heifers fed with human feed products

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3157
Author(s):  
Simone Pedro da Silva ◽  
Carina Ubirajara de Faria ◽  
Ana Caroline Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Aline Maria Soares Ferreira ◽  
Jean Marcos Castro Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Body

We aimed to evaluate the effects of using a concentrated ration containing industrialised human food on the productive parameters of Nellore heifers in confinement, in addition to comparing the dry matter intake (DMI) observed with that predicted by the nutritional systems BR-Corte and NRC, in order to determine which system makes the most accurate predictions for heifers of the breed Nelore in feedlots. Twenty-four Nelore heifers, with an average age of 24 months and average body weight (BW) of 350 kg, were used over the 70 days of the experiment. They were randomly assigned to two treatments and housed in partially covered stalls equipped with an automatic Growsafe® Systems feeding system. Animals in the control group (CONT) received a concentrated ration containing ground corn, soybean meal, urea, and mineral nucleus. In the residual treatment (RES) group, heifers received concentrated feed containing products from the human diet. The difference between the treatments was the concentrated ration; in the control treatment, the energy source used was maize, whereas in the residue treatment, the energy sources were corn chips, coconut candies, and ground coffee. Corn silage was included as forage for both treatments. The forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio was 84:16. The predicted intake was estimated according to the nutritional systems NRC (2000, 2016) and BR-Corte (VALADARES FILHO et al., 2010, 2016). The average DMI observed of the heifers was 7.46 kg day-1. Heifers fed with human feed residue had a higher dry matter intake (DMI) and higher ether extract intake (EEI) than animals fed with the control feed. In addition, heifers that received human feed products showed a lower average daily weight gain (DWG) of 1.08 kg day-1 than animals fed the control treatment with an average DWG of 1.24 kg day-1. The predicted dry matter intake by NRC 2000 was an overestimate by 9.78 % and by BR-Corte 2010 was an overestimate by 5.5 %. The NRC 2016 and BR-Corte 2016 underestimated the intake of heifers by 18.9 % and 7.1 %, respectively. It was concluded that growing Nelore heifers fed with human feed products, with a F:C ratio of 84:16, present a higher DMI and lower growth performance and feed efficiency than heifers fed the control diet. The DMI predicting models for Nellore heifers proposed by BR-Corte are more adequate than the NRC models.

Prediction of intake by cattle from degradation characteristics of roughages

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
G. W. Reid ◽  
M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Exponential Equations ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTFive different straws consisting of two varieties of winter barley, two varieties of spring barley and one variety of winter wheat were chosen due to differences in degradation characteristics determined by using nylon bags incubated in the rumen of cattle and describing the straw using the equation: p = a + b (1 – e–ct). To increase variation in degradability, batches of the same straws were also treated with anhydrous ammonia in a sealed oven.The straws were subsequently offered ad libitum to groups of steers given a daily supplement of 1·5 kg concentrate and untreated straws were supplemented with urea. The dry-matter intake (DMI) of the straws varied from 3·4 to 5·7 kg/day, the digestible DMI from 1·4 to 3·5 kg/day and growth rate from 106 to 608 g/day.By using multiple regression of a, b, c from the exponential equations characterizing degradability of the straw, the correlation coefficients with DMI, digestible DMI and growth rate were 0·88, 0·96 and 0·95 respectively.

Shape evolution of a spherical particle growing in supersaturated solution affected by straining flows

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650059
Author(s):  
Jingjing Gao ◽  
Mingwen Chen ◽  
Zidong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Supersaturated Solution ◽  
Shape Evolution ◽  
Interface Microstructure ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Ambient Flow ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Asymptotic Expansion Method

The convection of ambient flow field has a significant influence on the pattern formation of growing particles. In this paper, we investigate the shape evolution of particles growing in supersaturated solution affected by straining flows. By using the multiple variable asymptotic expansion method, we obtain the asymptotic solution. The solution indicates that the interface microstructure is greatly affected by the straining flows. The flow results in a higher growth rate in the surface where it is incoming and a lower growth rate where it is outgoing. Besides, the flow also has effects on the concentration distribution.

Competition, Growth Rate, and CO2Fixation in Triazine-Susceptible and -Resistant Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Ahrens ◽  
E. W. Stoller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Synthetic Capacity ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Triazine-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) biotypes of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL.) were grown in the field under competitive conditions at varying initial proportions of S and R plants. R plants were less competitive than S plants as measured by accumulation of total above-ground dry weight and seed dry weight. S and R plants were also grown in the field under non-competitive conditions at 100, 40, and 10% light. Growth rate at 10% light did not differ between S and R plants. At the two higher light intensities, dry-matter accumulation 11 weeks after seeding was about 40% less in the R plants. At 100% light, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were lower in the R plants by about 3.5 and 19%, respectively. The light- and CO2-saturated rates of CO2fixation in intact leaves of glasshouse-grown R plants were 20% less than those in S plants. An apparent 10 and 20% greater number of chlorophyll molecules per photosystem II reaction center in R plants (as compared with S plants) grown in the field at 40 and 100% light, respectively, did not explain differences between the S and R biotypes in photo synthetic capacity. The S and R plants did not differ in specific leaf weight or chlorophyll content on a leaf-area basis. Lower growth rate of R plants may be responsible for inferior competitive ability of R biotypes and could be the result of an impaired photosynthetic capacity.

scholarly journals Physiological Characterization of an Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacterium Belonging to the “Candidatus Scalindua” Group

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 4145-4148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Awata ◽  
Mamoru Oshiki ◽  
Tomonori Kindaichi ◽  
Noriatsu Ozaki ◽  
Akiyoshi Ohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Maximum Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽  
Lower Growth Rate

ABSTRACTThe phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics (e.g.,Ksand maximum specific growth rate [μmax]) of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacterium, “CandidatusScalindua sp.,” enriched from the marine sediment of Hiroshima Bay, Japan, were investigated. “CandidatusScalindua sp.” exhibits higher affinity for nitrite and a lower growth rate and yield than the known anammox species.

scholarly journals Titration and Conditional Knockdown of the prfB Gene in Escherichia coli: Effects on Growth and Overproduction of the Recombinant Mammalian Selenoprotein Thioredoxin Reductase

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olle Rengby ◽  
Elias S. J. Arnér
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Native Promoter ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Translational Termination

ABSTRACT Release factor 2 (RF2), encoded by the prfB gene in Escherichia coli, catalyzes translational termination at UGA and UAA codons. Termination at UGA competes with selenocysteine (Sec) incorporation at Sec-dedicated UGA codons, and RF2 thereby counteracts expression of selenoproteins. prfB is an essential gene in E. coli and can therefore not be removed in order to increase yield of recombinant selenoproteins. We therefore constructed an E. coli strain with the endogenous chromosomal promoter of prfB replaced with the titratable PBAD promoter. Knockdown of prfB expression gave a bacteriostatic effect, while two- to sevenfold overexpression of RF2 resulted in a slightly lowered growth rate in late exponential phase. In a turbidostatic fermentor system the simultaneous impact of prfB knockdown on growth and recombinant selenoprotein expression was subsequently studied, using production of mammalian thioredoxin reductase as model system. This showed that lowering the levels of RF2 correlated directly with increasing Sec incorporation specificity, while also affecting total selenoprotein yield concomitant with a lower growth rate. This study thus demonstrates that expression of prfB can be titrated through targeted exchange of the native promoter with a PBAD-promoter and that knockdown of RF2 can result in almost full efficiency of Sec incorporation at the cost of lower total selenoprotein yield.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE WEST AFRICAN DWARF (Fouta djallon) GOATS FED SPONDIAS MOMBIN Plus CONCENTRATE.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
A. B. J. AINA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Young Female ◽  
West African ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Fouta Djallon

The effects of supplementing Spondias mombin The plant grows effectively on tropical humid with a concentrated diet were investigated with respect to dry matter and crude protein intakes ability, retention, feed efficiency and growth rate in and harsh conditions. 50 young female West African dwarf (Fouta djallon) goats in a 90% - day feeding trial. The rate, mean dry matter intake was significantly (P<0.05) different from one another with regard to different supplementation levels while the highest dry matter intake was exhibited by : the does fed with 25% browse plus 75% concentrate diet. The does on 75% browse plus concentrate diet indicated the best performance in terms of growth rate (106g/day) and feed efficiency (0.391). The highest crude  protein intake (86.21g/day) and protein retention (57.18g/ W0.75kg) were induced by 50% of browse and 50% concentrate supplement. The protein requirement for maintenance in the does was 24,459/Wk0.75.

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